Académique Documents
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Distribution Feeders
by
by
N.Ramchander,
N.Ramchander,
Asst
AsstProfessor,
Professor,
EEED-BVRIT.
EEED-BVRIT.
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Distribution System-Classification
• Connection Schemes of primary feeders
• Primary Distribution feeder rating
• Primary Distribution voltage levels
• Primary feeder loading
• Secondary Distribution Systems
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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
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Distribution System-Classification
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Radial Systems
Advantages:
Simplest and lower cost
Simple in planning, design, and
operation.
Most widely used from of
distribution system(99%-in
INDIA)
Disadvantages:
it is less reliable than other two
If any branch along this path
fails, a loss of power delivery
results.
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Loop Type Feeders
• which essentially provide a two-way primary
feed for critical consumers.
• the supply from one direction fail, the entire
load of the feeder may be carried from the
other end
• this type of system may be operated with the
loop normally open or with the loop normally
closed.
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Open Loop System
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• In the event of a fault, the section of the primary
on which the fault occurs can be disconnected at
both its ends and service re-established to the
unfaulted portions by closing the loop at the point
where it is normally left open, and reclosing the
breaker at the substation (or supply source) on the
other, unfaulted portion of the feeder.
• The disconnecting devices between sections are
manually operated and may be relatively
inexpensive fuses, cutouts, or switches.
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Closed Loop System
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• This type of systems are used, where a greater degree
of reliability is desired.
• Here, the disconnecting devices are usually the more
expensive circuit breakers.
• The breakers are actuated by relays, which operate
to open only the circuit breakers on each end of the
faulted section, leaving the remaining portion of the
entire feeder energized.
• when the fault is located, the disconnecting devices
on both ends of the faulted section may be opened
and the unfaulted sections reenergized by closing the
proper circuit breakers.
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Primary Network Systems
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• Primary network is a system of interconnected
feeders supplied by a number of substations.
• The primary network system supplies a load from
several directions.
• In general losses in a primary network are lower
than those in a comparable radial system due to
load division.
• The reliability and the quality of service of the
primary network arrangement is much higher than
radial and loop arrangements.
• However, it is more difficult to design and
operate than the radial or loop type.
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Tie Lines
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Low Voltage Distribution
System(LVDS)
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Factors Affecting the Feeder
voltage level
• The feeder voltage level is important factor
affecting the system design, cost and operation.
• Some of the design and operational aspects of
the primary voltage levels depend upon the:
– Feeder length
– Feeder loading
– No of distribution S/S’s and it’s rating
– No of Primary lines
– No of customers effected by a specific failure
– System maintenance practice
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Voltage Square rule: