Static Liquid Measurement

Standards
Tank Gauging (Ch 3)
Christian Skaug, Emerson

 Large storage tanks (65+ ft high, 160+ ft diameter)

Think about Oil price @ ~100 USD / bbl
Each mm is a lot of inventory value $$$$

Average Oil Price

USD/bbl

100
80
60
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 API standards

MPMS Ch. 2
MPMS Ch. 3.1A
MPMS Ch. 3.1B
MPMS Ch. 3.3
MPMS Ch. 3.4
MPMS Ch. 3.5
MPMS Ch. 3.6
MPMS Ch. 7
MPMS Ch. 7.3
MPMS Ch. 11
MPMS Ch. 12
API 2350

Tank Calibration
Manual Gauging
Automatic Tank Gauging (Atmospheric)
Automatic Tank Gauging (Pressurized)
Automatic Tank Gauging (Marine, Atmospheric)
Automatic Tank Gauging (Marine, Pressurized)
Hybrid Measurements
Temperature Measurements
Automatic Tank Temperature Measurements
Physical Properties Data (VCFs)
Calculations
Overfill Protection

Ch. 7
Ch. 7.3
(Temp)
Ch. 2
(Tank Cal.)

ATT

Ch. 3.1A
Ch. 3.1B
Ch. 3.3
(Level)

ATG
PT

PT

Ch. 8
(Sampl.)
Ch. 9
(Density)
Ch. 3.6
(Online
Density)

Ch. 11
(VCF)
Ch. 12

(Calc.)

The API standards typically covers:

Equipment requirements
Design
Performance

Installation guidelines for best measurement result in the field for

different applications (best practice, considerations)
Procedures
Physical Properties Data and Calculations
Best practices in tank gauging

MPMS Ch. 3.1A (Manual Gauging):

- Land and marine tanks
- Health and safety precautions
- Equipment
- Gauging procedures
- Accuracy and Traceability

MPMS Ch. 3.1A, verification of working tapes:

- Calibrated master tape
- Regular intervals
- Within +/-2 mm

MPMS Ch. 3.1B & 3.3, installation and procedures (example):

Typical guidance include:

- Stability, still pipe requirements etc
- Considerations such as turbulence
- Calibration/Verification procedures

MPMS Ch. 3.1B, CT accuracy requirements

Requirement

Custody transfer

Factory calibration
Effect of installation
Initial verification
Subsequent
verification

1 mm (1/16 in)
3 mm (1/8 in)
4 mm (3/16 in)
4 mm (3/16 in)

Example (verification of ATG)

Date

Time

Ullage Dip 1 Ullage Dip 2

Ullage Dip 3

Avg. Ullage
Dip

mm

mm

mm

200x-xx-xx

10.20

16144

16144

200x-xx-xx
200x-xx-xx

10.30
10.35

16149
16142

16142

200x-xx-xx

10.40

16143

200x-xx-xx

11.00

16699

16701

200x-xx-xx

16.00

16838

16837

Tank Movement

Reading
mm

16144

Level Gauge

Ullage mm

Diff. Level

Remark/ Tape id

Sign

Gauge - Dip
mm

16144

16144

16149
16142

16144
16144

-5 Tape No. 1 (bad)

2 Tape No. 2 (OK?)

Person 1
Person 1

16143

16144

Person 1

16704

16701

16694

1 TT-CS tape (calibrated)

16713 after (tank was
emptying despite information
that level should be stable,
would'nt be discovered if only
-7 one handdip was taken.)

16838

16838

16839

Bad tape

0 TT-CS tape (calibrated)

Different
person

Good procedures are very important!

TT-CS

TT-CS
TT-CS

MPMS Ch. 3.6, Hybrid Tank Measurement System:

- Four major components
-

ATG
ATT
Pressure sensors
Hybrid processor

- Density or Mass
- Uncertainty calculations

MPMS Ch. 3.6, Hybrid Tank Measurement System:

CT Accuracy Requirements @ 4 m level:

Requirement
Density

Custody transfer
0.5%

MPMS Ch. 7.x overview

Current Ch 7 will be split up in the following chapters:
Ch. 7.1: Liquid-In-Glass Thermometers (pending)
Ch. 7.2: PETs (pending)
Ch. 7.3: Fixed Automatic Tank Temperature Systems (Oct 2011)
Ch. 7.4: Dynamic Temperature Measurement (pending)

MPMS Ch. 7.3, Equipment requirements (example):

Junction box or
temperature transmitter

Maximum filling height

Sensor n+1

Sensor n

Flexible element
housing (probe)
Sensor 3

Sensor 2

Sensor 1
Anchor weight

-Temperature sensors
-Stratification
-...

MPMS Ch. 7.3, CT system accuracy requirements:

Requirement
Factory calibration
Initial Field Verification
Subsequent
Verification

Custody transfer
0.25 C (0.5 F)
0.25 C (0.5 F)
0.5 C (1 F)

MPMS Ch. 11 (Reference Density Calculations)

Different tables for different product types (53A, 53B,)
Input:
Observed Density
Average Temperature
Etc

Output:
Reference Density

MPMS Ch. 11 (VFC Calculations)

Different tables for different product types (54A, 54B,)
Input:
Reference Density
Average Temperature
Etc

Output:
VCF

MPMS Ch. 12.1.1 (Calculations Static Petroleum Quantities)

Ch. 7
Ch. 7.3
(Temp)
Ch. 2
(Tank Cal.)

ATT

Ch. 3.1A
Ch. 3.1B
Ch. 3.3
(Level)

ATG
PT

PT

Ch. 8
(Sampl.)
Ch. 9
(Density)
Ch. 3.6
(Online
Density)

Ch. 11
(VCF)
Ch. 12

(Calc.)

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Tank gauging coverage

API

OIML

ISO

Other

API standards usage:

Customers want guidelines they know will be accepted world wide
(buying/selling). Much easier if possible to say in compliance with API
requirements.
Some customers more or less adopt the standards as their own and make
them mandatory requirements.
Easy to use already written procedures at situations like FAT, SAT
(inspections etc)
Up to date standards
Aim to harmonize requirements with standards in other standardization
organizations => wider acceptance

THANK YOU!