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Questions)
1. A nurse is providing a list of instructions to a client who is scheduled to have an
electroencephalogram (EEG). Choose the instructions that the nurse places on the list.
Select all that apply.
1. Cola is acceptable to drink on the day of the test.
2. Tea and coffee are restricted on the day of the test.
3. The test will take between 45 minutes and 2 hours.
4. The hair should be washed the evening before the test.
5. All medications need to be withheld on the day of the test.
6. A nothing-by-mouth (NPO) status is required on the day of the test.
2. The nurse is providing discharge teaching to the client who was given a prescription for
nifedipine (Adalat) for blood pressure management. Which instructions should the nurse
include? Select all that apply.
1. Increase water intake.
2. Increase calcium intake.
3. Take pulse rate each day.
4. Weigh at the same time each day.
5. Palpitations may occur early in therapy.
6. Be careful when rising from sitting to standing.
3. A nurse is providing teaching regarding the prevention of Lyme disease to a group of
teenagers going on a hike in a wooded area. Which of the following points should the nurse
include in the session? Select all that apply.
1. Tuck pant legs into socks.
2. Wear closed shoes when hiking.
3. Apply insect repellent containing DEET.
4. Cover the ground with a blanket when sitting.
5. Remove attached ticks by grasping with thumb and forefinger.
6. Wear long sleeves and long pants in dark colors when in high-risk areas.
4. A nurse is reinforcing instructions to a client following a total laryngectomy about caring
for the stoma. Choose the instructions that the nurse provides to the client. Select all that
apply.
1. Protect the stoma from water.
2. Soaps should be avoided near the stoma.
3. Wash the stoma daily using a washcloth.
14. The parent of a toddler asks a nurse when it is safe to place the car safety seat in a faceforward position. Which of the following is the best nursing response?
1. When the toddler weighs 20 lb and is 1 year old
2. When the weight of the toddler is more than 40 lb
3. The seat should not be placed in a face-forward position unless there are safety locks in the
car.
4. The seat should never be placed in a face-forward position because of the risk of the child
unbuckling the harness.
15. A pregnant woman has a positive history of genital herpes, but she has not had lesions
during her pregnancy. The nurse plans to provide which of the following information to the
client?
1. You will be isolated from your newborn after delivery.
2. There is little risk to your baby during your pregnancy, birth, and after delivery.
3. Vaginal deliveries can reduce neonatal infection risks, even if you have an active lesion at
birth.
4. You will be evaluated at the time of delivery for herpetic genital tract lesions. If they are
present, a cesarean delivery will be needed.
16. Which of these clients are most likely to develop fluid (circulatory) overload? Select all
that apply.
1. A premature infant
2. A 101-year-old man
3. A client on renal dialysis
4. A client with diabetes mellitus
5. A 29-year-old woman with pneumonia
6. A client with congestive heart failure
17. An unconscious client who is bleeding profusely is brought to the emergency
department after a serious accident. Surgery is required immediately to save the clients
life. With regard to informed consent for the surgical procedure, which of the following is
the best action?
1. Call the nursing supervisor to initiate a court order for the surgical procedure.
2. Try calling the clients spouse to obtain telephone consent before the surgical procedure.
3. Ask the friend who accompanied the client to the emergency department to sign the consent
form.
4. Transport the client to the operating department immediately, as required by the health care
provider without obtaining an informed consent.
18. When caring for a 3-year-old child, the nurse should provide which toy for this child?
1. A puzzle
2. A wagon
3. A golf set
4. A farm set
19. When the nurse is collecting data from the older adult, which of the following findings
would be considered normal physiological changes? Select all that apply.
1. Increased heart rate
2. Decline in visual acuity
3. Decreased respiratory rate
4. Decline in long-term memory
5. Increased susceptibility to urinary tract infections
6. Increased incidence of awakening after sleep onset
20. Which data indicates to the nurse that a client may be experiencing ineffective coping?
1. Constantly neglects personal grooming
2. Visits her husbands grave once a month
3. Visits the senior citizens center once a month
4. Frequently looks at snapshots of her husband and family
worn so that ticks would be easily visible. Hikers should not sit directly on the ground and
should cover the ground with an item such as a blanket. Ticks should be removed with tweezers.
4. Answers: 1, 2, 3, and 5.
The client with a stoma should be instructed to wash the stoma daily with a washcloth. Soaps,
cotton swabs, or tissues should be avoided because their particles may enter and obstruct the
airway. The client should be instructed to avoid applying alcohol to a stoma because it is both
drying and irritating. A thin layer of petroleum jelly applied to the skin around the stoma helps
prevent cracking. The client is instructed to protect the stoma from water.
5. Answer 2.
Causes of a fluid volume deficit include vomiting, diarrhea, conditions that cause increased
respirations or increased urinary output, insufficient intravenous fluid replacement, draining
fistulas, ileostomy, and colostomy. A client with cirrhosis, CHF, or decreased kidney function is
at risk for fluid volume excess.
6. Answers: 2, 3, 4 and 6.
A positive Chvosteks sign is indicative of hypocalcemia. Other signs and symptoms include
tachycardia, hypotension, paresthesias, twitching, cramps, tetany, seizures, positive Trousseaus
sign, diarrhea, hyperactive bowel sounds, and a prolonged QT interval.
7. Answer: 3.
Invasion of privacy takes place when an individuals private affairs are intruded on unreasonably.
Threatening to place a client in restraints constitutes assault. Performing a surgical procedure
without consent is an example of battery. Not allowing a client to leave the hospital constitutes
false imprisonment.
8. Answers: 1, 2, 4, and 5.
The client with Cushings syndrome experiencing fluid overload should be maintained on a highpotassium and low-sodium diet. Decreased sodium intake decreases renal retention of sodium
and water. Monitoring weight, intake, output, and extremities for edema are all appropriate
interventions for such a nursing diagnosis.
9. Answers: 1, 2, 4, and 5.
The client with Cushings syndrome experiencing fluid overload should be maintained on a highpotassium and low-sodium diet. Decreased sodium intake decreases renal retention of sodium
and water. Monitoring weight, intake, output, and extremities for edema are all appropriate
interventions for such a nursing diagnosis.
10. Answers: 2, 4, 5, and 6.
The mechanism of action of acarbose is a delay in absorption of dietary carbohydrates, thereby
reducing the rise in blood glucose after a meal. To accomplish this, the medication must be taken
with each meal. Because of its bacterial fermentation of unabsorbed carbohydrates in the colon,
side effects such as borborygmus, cramps, abdominal distention, and flatulence can occur. The
medication also can affect absorption of iron, leading to symptoms (shortness of breath,
tiredness) of anemia.
Toddlers need supervision at all times. Push-pull toys, large balls, large crayons, trucks, and dolls
are some appropriate toys. A puzzle with large pieces only may be appropriate. A farm set and a
golf set may contain items that the child could swallow.
19. Answers: 2, 5, and 6.
Anatomical changes to the eye affect the individuals visual ability, which leads to potential
problems with activities of daily living. Light adaptation and visual fields are reduced.
Respiratory rates are usually unchanged. The heart rate decreases, and the heart valves thicken.
Age-related changes that affect the urinary tract increase an older clients susceptibility to urinary
tract infections. Short-term memory may decline with age, but long-term memory is usually
maintained. Changes in sleep patterns are consistent, age-related changes. Older persons
experience an increased incidence of awakening after sleep onset.
20. Answer: 1
Coping mechanisms are behaviors that are used to decreased stress and anxiety. In response to a
death, ineffective coping is manifested by an extreme behavior that in some instances may be
harmful to the individual, physically, psychologically, or both. Option 1 is indicative of a
behavior that identifies an ineffective coping behavior as part of the grieving process. The
remaining options identify effective coping behaviors.