Topic 1 : Language Study : Parts of Speech.

1.1 Nouns
Exercise 1
You will find ten different sentences below. Please indicate if the underlined noun is a
common, material, proper, collective or abstract noun in the space provided.
1. We must use flour to bake cakes.

Material noun

2. There are not enough chairs for the parents to sit on.

Common noun

3. Everybody is entitled to have an opinion.

Abstract noun

4. My children love reading the Harry Porter books.

Proper noun

5. Encik Hussin is our new boss

Proper noun

6. How many members are there in your drama club ?

Collective noun

7. It is not healthy to eat food cooked in oil.

Material noun

8. That goose chased me and bit me.

Common noun

9. I always move the furniture when I am under stress.

Collective noun

10. Your teaching experience is well appreciated here.

Abstract noun

1.2 Pronouns
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with pronouns. Make sure that the pronoun agrees with the noun which
is being referred to.
1

My friends are leaving for Penang tomorrow. They will be away for a week.

Ramlah has a Persian cat. It has blue eyes.

I informed that lady that she should fill in the forms first.

Encik Hamdan is late. I dont think we should wait for him.

The children are playing under the house. I hope no one disturbs them.

1.3 Verbs
Exercise 1
In the following sentences, underline the verbs.
1. The baby smiled at me.
2. I slept for eight hours last night.
3. I go to school everyday.
4. Susan wrote me a letter.
5. Encik Tan walks to his office every morning.
Exercise 2
Look at the story of Abu below. Pick out the verbs in the story.

Abu was a nosy boy. One day he saw a large house in a dark forest. It was a
dilapidated house and Abu decided to enter it. He didnt even bother to knock but
walked in boldly. There was a wooden table with three plates of noodles. He tasted the
delicious noodles in all three plates and finished the smallest plate. Then he decided to
take a nap and broke the small bed. Dont you think the rude Abu should have been
charged in court with trespassing and theft?

1.4 Adverbs
Exercise 1
All the words in the box are adverbs. Choose on word to fill each blank.
1. I wake up early every morning.
2. Come quickly. We need your help.
3. I can do all of these exercises easily.
4. She always speaks softly to the child.
5. You should drive slowly along this dangerous road.

1.5 Adjectives
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with a suitable adjective from the list above. You may use each word
only once.
1. The students looked tired after running around the field.
2. Saifuls voice became hoarse after the choir practice.
3. Eating fish is better than eating beef.
4. The refrigerator smells bad because there is no electricity.
5. While undergoing Chemotherapy, her hair fell out and her head became bald
1.6 Prepositions
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with at, in, by, for, along, to, into, about, from, up or on.
1. We bought this car in August.
2. We looked everywhere for the pen which Ahmad lost.
3. Nani usually sits at this desk.
4. The man walked quickly into the room and sat down.
5. We read about the accident in the newspaper this morning.
6. I must write a letter to my aunt.
7. The boat moved slowly along the coast.
8. Please pick up those papers which are on the floor.
9. The hotel is by the sea.
10. We live a long way from the airport.

1.7 Conjunctions
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with a suitable conjunction. Sometimes, more than one conjunction can
be used.
1. My feet were cold and wet.
2. I was hungry, so I ate an apple.
3. Was the test hard or easy ?
4. The telephone rang, but I didnt answer it.
5. You could either turn right or go straight.

Topic 2 : Language Study : Tenses

2.1.1 Simple present tense
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the present tense for the verb in parentheses.
1. She reads ( read ) the newspaper every day.
2. We come ( come ) to school by bus.
3. I always walk ( walk ) to school.
4. Helen works ( work ) very hard.
5. The cat chases ( chase ) the mouse all around the house.
6. He speaks ( speak ) several foreign languages.
2.1.2 Simple Past Tense
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the past tense for the verb in parentheses.
1. We worked ( work ) in our garden all day yesterday.
2. I listened ( listen ) to the radio until twelve oclock last night.
3. The meeting lasted ( last ) about two hours.

4. She studied ( study ) in our class last semester.

5. We both liked ( like ) the movies last night very night very much.
6. They painted ( paint ) their house green.
2.1.3 Simple Future Tense
Exercise 3
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the future tense for the verb in parentheses.
1. He will call ( call ) you tomorrow.
2. They will see ( see ) us in the morning.
3. I will pay ( pay ) you the rent next week.
4. Hamid will clean ( clean ) the table right now.
5. The wind will blow ( blow ) that sign down.
6. You will learn ( learn ) a great deal in this course.
2.2.1 Present continuous tense
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the present continuous tense for the verb in
parentheses.
1. John is having (have) lunch in the cafeteria now.
2. Stella is watching (watch) TV now.
3. Listen! Someone is knocking (knock) at the door.
4. At this moment, I am reading (read) sentence number 4 in the exercise.
5. Sogos is having (have) a big sale today.
6. Salman seems to be very busy. I guess he is studying (study) for his English test.

2.2.2 Past continuous tense

Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the past continuous tense for the verb in
parentheses.
1. They were eating (eat) in the restaurant on the corner when I saw them.
2. It was raining (rain) when I left the house.
3. When you telephoned, we were having (have) dinner.
4. I got sick while we were driving (drive) to my grandmothers.
5. He was working (work) in California when his father died.
6. The baby was sleeping (sleep) soundly when I went to wake him.
2.2.3 Future continuous tense
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the future continuous tense for the verb in
parentheses.
1. If you come at noon, we will be eating (eat) lunch.
2. At this time next year, we will be traveling (travel) in South America.
3. At ten oclock tomorrow morning, I will be having (have) my music lesson.
4. It probably will be raining (rain) when you get back.
5. If you come before six, I will be working (work) in my garden.
6. Dont call her now. She will be taking (take) her usual afternoon nap.
2.3 Perfect tenses
2.3.1 Present Perfect tense
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the present perfect tense for the verb in
parentheses.
1. I have spoken (speak) to him about it several times.
2. We have finished (finish) all our homework.
3. He has visited (visit) us many times.
4. She has returned (return) my book at last.

5. I am afraid that I have lost (lose) my car keys.

6. We have learned (learn) many new words in this course.

2.3.2 Past perfect tense

Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of past perfect tense for the verb in parentheses.
1. Fernando told us that he had looked ( look ) everywhere for the book.
2. Kala had left (leave) by the time we arrived.
3. The police reported that they finally had captured (captured) the thief.
4. I saw that we had taken (take) the wrong road.
5. He knew he had made (make) a serious mistake.
6. I felt that I had met (meet) the man somewhere before.
2.3.3 Perfect continuous tense
Exercise 1
Change these present perfect tense verbs to the past and future perfect continuous
tenses.
1. He has worked in that firm for many years.
a. He had been working in that firm for many years.
b. He will have been working in that firm for many years.
2. They have talked for more than an hour.
a- They had been talking more than an hour.
b- They will have been talking more than an hour.
3. I have traveled all over Europe.
c- I had been traveling all over Europe.
d- I will have been traveling all over Europe.

4. He has slept for more than ten hours.

a. He had been sleeping for more than ten hours.
b. He will have been sleeping for more than ten hours.

5. He has studied English for many years.

a. He had been studying for many years.
b. He will have been studying for many years.

Topic 3 : Language Study : Sentence Types

3.0 Sentence types
3.1 Simple sentences
Exercise 1
Write five sentences in the space provided.
1. We learn the subject carefully.
2. They bought the book yesterday.
3. Abu and Ahmad study very hard.
4. We play football everyday.
5. Siti write letter to her mother.
3.2 Compound sentence
Exercise 2
Write five compound sentences in the space provided.
1. The food is delicious, but it is very spicy.
2. En. Hassan was hungry, so he ate a cake.
3. The sale is very interesting, so we bought a lot of items.
4. Faizal is so clever and he got the first part in his class.
5. I know you are nice, however I don't like you.

3.3 Complex sentence

Exercise 3
Write five complex sentences in the space provided.
1. I feel so tired, so I'm going to sleep.
2. The house is so beautiful and I like it.
3. The sale is very interesting, so we bought a lot of items.
4. Faizal is so clever and he got the first part in his class.
5. I know you are nice, however I don't like you.

Exercise 4
Look at these sentences. Identify whether they are simple, compound or complex
sentences.
1. He spoke to the teacher yesterday, and he accepted her explanation.
Compound
2. My car is in a terrible condition because I have to travel into the work site
everyday.

Complex

3. Until now, the authorities have not looked into this problem.

Complex

4. I dont know the price of these books, as I havent bought them myself.
Compound
5. We saw that the dog had already left.

Simple

6. I knew that I had met her somewhere before.

Simple

7. If we had listened to her, we would be all right now.

8. She told us she found the pen.
9. Faridah was sick last week.

Complex

Simple
Simple

10. My car does not run on ordinary petrol but it uses unleaded.

Compound

Topic 4 : Language Study : Types of questions

4.0 Questions
4.1 Yes / No questions and short answers ( + Long Answers )
Exercise 1
In the following dialogues, the long answers is given in parentheses. Look at the long
answer and then make the appropriate YES / NO QUESTIONS and SHORT ANSWER
to complete each dialogue.

1. A : Do you know my brother ?

B : No, I dont

( I dont know your brother )

2. A : Does Ah Heng eats at the Mamak stall everyday?

B : Yes, he does.

(Ah Heng eats at the Mamak stall everyday)

3. A : Does the car belong to you ?

B : No, it doesnt.

(That car doesnt belong to me)

4. A : Do the students speak English well ?

B : Yes, they do.

( The students in this school speak English well )

5. A : Are the children playing at the playground ?

B : No, they arent.

( The children arent playing at the playground )

6. A : Can you play the guitar ?

B : Yes, I can.

( I can play the guitar )

7. A : Can you go out tonight ?

B : No, I cant.

( I have to babysit my sister tonight )

8. A : Can birds swims under water ?

B : Yes, some can.

( Some birds can swim under water )

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4.2 Information Questions ( WH questions )

Exercise 1
Make information questions. Use all WH questions

1. Q: Where were you born?

A: Kuala Lipis, Pahang.
2. Q: When were you born?
A: Kuala Lipis, Pahang.
3. Q: How did you get here?
A: By bus. (I got here by bus)
4. Q: Why do you like to eat at that restaurant?
A: Because the food is good. (I like to eat at that restaurant because the food is
good)
5. Q: When will you get home?
A: Around eleven. (I'll get home around eleven)
6. Q: Where do you live?
A: In Jitra. (I live in Jitra)
7. Q: Why does Johar study at the library?
A: Because it's quiet (Johar studies at the library because it's quiet)
8. Q: Where is the meeting?
A: At Kuala Lumpur (The meeting is in Kuala Lumpur)
9. Q: Who is that man?
A: My husband. (He is my husband)

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10. Q: Whom would you like to see?

A: The State Representative. (I would like to see the State Representative)

4.3 WHAT + a form of DO

Exercise 1
Make questions. Use what + a form of do
1. Q: What are you doing right now?
A: I'm studying.
2. Q: What did you do last night?
A: I went to the cinema.
3. Q: What are you doing tomorrow?
A: I'm going to the market.
4. Q: What will you do tomorrow?
A: I would like to go to the library.
5. Q: What do you study in class every day?
A: I study English.
6. Q: What are you doing right now?
A: I'm writing a letter to my pen friend.
7. Q: What do you do for a living?
A: I'm a teacher. (I teach)

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UNIT 2
WRITING

TOPIC 1
LEARNING TO WRITE

1.1.2 Spelling Rules

Exercise 1
Follow Correct Paragraph Format
Look at the first draft of the reporter's paragraph, which follows. She didn't use good
form. Read the rules that follow the first draft. Then find the reporter's mistakes. Rewrite
the corrected paragraph in the spaces below.

International student at eastern community college Yoshi Hiramoto is one of

350 international students at eastern community college. He is from chiba, a
seaport near Tokyo Mr. Hiramota is 34 years old and as sales manager for a
.
hospital equipment company sells equipment to American hospital, so he
needs English for work. Mr. hiromoto likes the united states very much and
he also likes the students at his school. He thinks his English class is
excellent, but he thinks the food in the cafeteria is terrible. In his free time
Mr. Hiramoto likes to cycle and visit tourist sights near the school.

An international student at Eastern Community College Yoshi Hiramoto is

one of 350 international students at Eastern Community College. He is from
Chiba, a seaport near Tokyo. Mr. Hiramota is 34 years old and as Sales
Activity 1
Manager for a Hospital Equipment Company sells equipment to American
Hospital, so he needs English for work. Mr. Hiromoto likes the United States
very much and he also likes the students at his school. He thinks his English
13terrible. In his free
class is excellent, but he thinks the food in the cafeteria is

time Mr. Hiramoto likes to cycle and visit tourist sights near the school.

Read the passage "Viagra for the mind" given above. Make a list of
points in a note form in the space provided below.

If you have forgotten what it was to have a good memory, help

could be at hand.
A new drug dubbed "Viagra for the mind"- is said to give
absent-minded middle-aged people the memory powers of a 20-yearold.
It promises to transform life for around 15 million Britons plagued
by forgetfulness as they get older.
Soon there will be no excuse for failing to remember a wedding
anniversary, birthday or business meeting, the research suggests.
US scientists said it could help middle-aged people keen to learn
a new language, play a musical instrument or simply function better at
work.
The drug, which has its first test on humans in the coming
months and could be on sale within five years, could prove as popular
as Viagra among those in their 40s, 50s and older whose memory is
deteriorating.
Professor Tim Tully, of Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory in New
York, said: "There are an awful lot of people who'd like a drug that could
do something about that. There's a growing belief that memory and
memory loss is a treatable condition".

Answer
1. A new drug is Viagra for the mind can give memory powers of a 20-year-old to
absent minded middle-aged people.
2. Viagra could help middle-aged-people do better at work.
3. Viagra for the mind could prove as popular as Viagra among those in their 40s,
50s and older whose memory is deteriorating.

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4. People who like a drug could do something that with drug can growing belief that
memory loss is a treatable condition.
Activity 2
Write a summary of the effectiveness of HT-0712. Your answer must not
be more than 1/3 of the passage.

The drug code-named HT-0712, helps to retain information in the

short-term memory. It works by activating a gene called Creb, which is
contained in every human cell.
The gene allows brain cells to make the connections vital for
memory formation.
But in many people, this memory-making process slows down with
age.
Animals tests of HT-0712 show it can reduce forgetfulness by up to
90 percent. Experiments with fruit flies gave them the equivalent of a
photographic memory.
Ordinary flies took 10 attempts to learn to avoid an unpleasant
chemical, but flies given the drug learned after one approach.
The basic mechanics of memory formation are very similar in
humans, Professor Tully said.
He said the drug could make life easier for people who do not
suffer from any specific disease, but recognize that their memory is not as
good as it used to be.
The Malay Mail, March 9. 2004

The drug code-named HT-0712, helps to retain information activating a

gene called Creb, which allows brain cells to make the connections vital for
memory formation. Animals tests showed it can reduce forgetfulness by up to
90 percent. Professor Trully said the drug could make life easier for people
who do not suffer from any specific disease.
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2.5 Summary
The Drover's Wife
Orientation/telling The two-roomed house is built of round timber, slabs and
Who, where 1 stringy bark, and floored with split slabs. Bush all round-bush
with no horizon, for the country is flat. The drover an exsquatter is away with sheep. His wife and children are left here
alone.
Complication 2 Four-ragged, dried-up looking children are playing sbout the
house. Suddenly one of them yells 'Snake! Mother, here's a
Sequence of snake!'.
events 3 It is near sunset, and she knows the snake is there. She makes
4 up beds for the children and sits down beside them to keep
5 watch all night.
6 She has an eye on the corner and a green sapling club ready
by her side. Alligator, the dog, lies nearby.
It must be one or two o'clock in the morning. The bush woman
watches and listens, thinking about her life alone whilst her
husband is gone.
Resolution 7 It must be daylight now. The hairs on alligator's neck begin to
bristle. Between a crack in the slabs an evil pair of small, beadlike eyes glisten. The snake-a black one-comes slowly out.
8 Alligator springs. He has the snake now. Thud, thud, its head is
Coda - 9 crushed.
She lifts the mangled reptile and throws it on the fire. The eldest
boy watches it burn then looks at his mother, seeing tears in her
eyes.
He throws his arms around her and exclaims. 'Mother, I won't
never go droving; blast me if I do!'
(adapted from a short story by Henry Lawson)

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Task 1
Based on the model of a narrative 'The Drover's Wife' write a short story with the
help of the framework given.
Title

Mining For Silver

Orientation

Setting: A mine is a place where people dig for metal or minerals.

Who? When? Where? Many mines are found on the ground. Others are within the
What? Why?

earth itself. Some of the things people mine for are gold,

Complication:

silver, coal, salt, iron, tin and copper.

After Kumar's teacher had explained this, she asked the

What

began

the class if anyone knew what types of mine could be found in

event?

Malaysia.

How

did

the

characters

get

involved?
Events
How

"Tin mine, Mrs Lee!" replied one student.

the

react

characters "There is an old iron mine in Sungai Lembing in Pahang,"

to

the said another. "Excellent" said Kumar's teacher. She was

complication.

surprised that her student knew about a mine that had been

Resolution

famous long ago.

"My grandfather has a silver mine", said Kumar, laughing.

How
solve

the
the

characters "He pays me to work for him."

problem

from complication.

"A silver mine in Malaysia? A boy working in a silver mine?

Hmm, that's hard to believe," said Mrs Lee. "All right, for our
next class, bring us some silver from your grandfather's

Coda

mine."
Two days later, Kumar came prepared. When Mrs Lee

Moral of the story.

asked for the silver, he handed her a black envelope. "Silver

is heavy, Kumar. This is very light. I hope you are not
wasting my time," said Mrs Lee.
"Well, just look inside, Mrs Lee," replied Kumar confidently.
When Mrs Lee lifted the flap of the black envelope, she saw
something shiny inside. At first, she did not look pleased.
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Her face was stern. Then a little smile appeared on her

face, as she understood what Kumar meant by 'silver mine'.

1.3.2 Description
Below is a short descriptive text. Read the text carefully and then do answer the
question.
Qualities of a good teacher
Teacher's styles of a teaching are greatly influenced by their own individual
learning styles. There is always the temptation to do in class those sorts of activities
which a personally enjoys. The analytical teacher is naturally more interested in
structure: formal correctness, getting at rules by deduction or discovery and in organized
class procedures. The concrete teacher is more sensitive to social interaction and tends
to favour activities in which learners are given plenty of exposure to role play group
projects, practice and discussion.
A good teacher builds student's self-esteem by using praise generously and
avoiding ridicule and negative public criticism and gets to know each student's needs,
interests and special talents, as well as the way each child learn best. He or she
communicates often and openly with parents, contacting them early on about academic
or behavioural problems and being candid rather than defensive when discussing these
problems. A good teacher also regularly assigns homework that helps children learn, and
advises parents how they can work with their children on this homework. He or she
would set high academic standards, expecting all students to learn and helping them to
do so.
Children learn best when taught by warm, friendly, caring and enthusiastic
teachers. All children should be treated fairly, while a positive discipline code based on
clear and fair rules is enforced. There should be reinforcement of positive behaviour
rather than punishment for negative behaviour.
Learning can be fun if teaching methods are interesting and varied. Finally, good
teacher would reach out to involve parents in their children's eduation, showing them
how they can help their children at home.

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Task 1
List down the qualities of a good teacher as found in the text.
Answer
1. Teacher must have an idea and enjoy it to do in class those sorts activities.
2. Naturally interested in structure, formal correctness, getting at rules by deduction
or discovery and in organized class procedures.
3. Sensitive to social interaction and tends to favour activities to learn and do the
experience to role play group projects, practice and discussion.
4. Teacher can builds student's self esteem; gets to know each student's needs,
interests and special talents, as well as the way each child learn best.
5. Communicates with parent openly about academic or behavioural problems.
6. Regularly assigns homework that helps children learn and advise parents how
they can help their children on this homework.
7. Teacher would set high academic standards and help students to do so.
8. Teacher must have a knowledge and skill to teach with fun, interesting and
varied.
9. Reach out to involve parents in their children's education and showing them how
they can help their children at home.

1.4 Reflections

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a. Are there any other qualities that you think would make a good teacher? Write
them down in the spaces provided.
1. Teacher must have a knowledge and experience in teaching from a good
training.
2. Teacher must have self confident, patient, sincere, concern and hardworking in
career as a teacher.
3. Teacher must know how to use a psychology skill for the students who have a
problem.
4. Learn and know how to appreciate students and their work.
5. Teacher must always look for the future and try to improve work to be the best all
the time.
b. Now try to list down the qualities that you have as a teacher.
1. I have knowledge.
2. I so interested in career as a teacher.
3. I have an ambition to more successful.
4. I have good personality and skill for teaching.
5. I learn and attempt with hardworking to be the best teacher.

c. Now write two short paragraphs of the qualities that you posses as a good
teacher.
Remember to use all the conventions and rules learned in this unit.
Good teacher is a good person and leader. As a teacher, they must have an
experience, knowledge and hardworking to make a students interested in learning and
success in study.
Teacher also must have a skill, smart and good looking to have a student respect
and love their teacher. Teacher must have a high education and always attempt to add
knowledge. Teacher can further their study and attend the conference or seminar to be
an excellent teacher. It could be motivation for students to be as a their respect teacher
UNIT 3

20

LISTENING AND SPEAKING

TOPIC 1
DEVELOPING LISTENING SKILLS

1.1 Effective Listening

Exercise 1.1
1. Have a two person conversation with a friend (in school / staff room). Find out
more about each other than just the common information such as hometown,
hobby, food etc. Write out a short note of your friend and share it with your class
member during tutorial.
Conversation in staff room
Between

: Salleh and Ahmad

Topic

: Local Fruit in Malaysia

Note from conversation:

The banana is one of nature's most ideal snacks. It is healthy, filling and
conveniently wrapped. It is available all-year round and the most popular fruit in
Malaysia. A banana is packed with vitamins A, B, C and E and minerals like iron,
potassium and phosphorus. It has four times more protein compared to an apple. It has
half the fat and double the carbohydrate found in an apple.
It is one of the biggest shrubs in the world and member of the lily family. The fruit grows
in a bunch on the top of the stem. It is harvested while still green and ripens very quickly
in warm weather like ours. It can be kept up to a week an after that it turns dark brown
and is too soft to be eaten.
There are many different types of banana like 'pisang rastali', 'pisang nangka'
and 'pisang tanduk'. Although bananas are best eaten raw, they may also be served in a
variety of ways. The most popular in Malaysia is 'pisang goreng' or banana fritters.

21

2. Tape your own conversation either in a formal or informal situation for example,
your school English Panel meetings. Plays the tape and analyse the factors that
you feel make your speech hard to listen to. Then make a list of suggestions on
how you can improve your speaking skills.
Factors speech hard to listen:
1. Interesting topic.
2. Good vocabulary.
3. Have a new word.
4. Good pronouns.
5. Have a good idea.
6. Connection with audients.
The way to improve the speaking skills:
1. More practice and hardworking to excellent in English speaking.
2. Read more items in English examples book, newspapers, magazine and so on.
3. Joint class English speaking.
4. Try to speak in English not broken English.
5. Have more vocabulary and find new words always.
3. Listen to a radio or watch a television prime time news. Jot down the main idea
(main news) of that particular news. List down the sub-topics or details of the
news. You will have to present it in class later.
News

: News 6 O'clock

Channel

: TV2

Topic

: Dengue

Date

: 21st October 2005

Main idea

: There are a lot of people died with dengue.

Sub-topic

: Talking about mosquito

22

As a mosquito bite humans, it injects us with its saliva and this causes us to
itch.
The dangerous thing is that when a mosquito bites someone who was malaria
or dengue, it carries the germs in its saliva, and these are transferred to the
next person it bites.
We have to be extra careful and make sure we do not leave water containers
uncovered because mosquitoes will breed in the water.
There are also more mosquitoes during the rainy season.
This is due to mosquitoes breeding in water that has collected in empty bottles,
tin cans and other objects which we do not throw away properly.
The most important is to keep our house and environment clean.

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