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Regression Analysis
of
Ship Characteristics
G.P. Piko
@ Commonwealth of Australia 1 9 8 0
ISBN
0 642 05820
Government
Printer,
Canberra
FOREWORD
. length;
. breadth;
. draught; and
container capacity;
which all influence port infrastructure and operating costs,
have each been modelled as a function of deadweight tonnes; the
nearest measure to the economic usefulness of a ship. In
addition, the following characteristics have each been regressed
against deadweight:
. power;
. speed.
and
. container ships;
. roll on-roll off
. bulk carriers;
ships (ro-ro) ;
iii
.ore carriers;
. tankers;
. general cargo ships; and
. passenger ships.
Computer data tapes of Lloyds Register of Shipping (current
at May 1977) were used as the data source for the analyses.
Hence, the ships on which the models were
based are
representative of the world fleet. Details of the data
extraction, which required considerable computing effort, are
also described in the paper.
The analyses were performed and the report prepared by
Mr G.P. Piko of the Planning and Technology Branch under the
general supervision of Mr C.R. Sayers.
R.W.L. Wyers
Assistant Director
Planning and Technology
Bureau of Transport Economics
CANBERRA
December
1980
iv
CONTENTS
Page
iii
FOREWORD
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA AND OUTLINE
OF THE ANALYSIS
CHAPTER 3 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
Length, breadth and draught
17
18
Tonnage
Age
Power
Speed
Container capacity
19
22
24
15
90
90
90
OF LLOYD'S REGISTER OF
10 2
ANNEXCALTERNATIVEMODELS:REGRESSION
COEFFICIENTS AND STATISTICS
109
113
TABLES
Page
1
Length:
Regression
Coefficients
2Breadth:Regression
and Statistics
Draught:
Regression
Coefficients
GrossRegisteredTons:RegressionCoefficients
and Statistics
and Statistics
92
93
94
95
NetRegisteredTons:RegressionCoefficients
96
and Statistics
RegressionCoefficients
and Statistics
97
Age:
7.1
Power:RegressionCoefficients
7.2
Speed:RegressionCoefficientsandStatistics
100
Container
Capacity:
Regression
101
and Statistics
Coefficients and
Statistics
vi
98
99
FIGURES
Page
1
10
VariableFormatCardImage
11
12
3 (b) Program
DATAPREP2
13
3 (c)
Program DATAPREP3
14
Length v Deadweight.
Container Ships
26
II
l1
RO-ro Ships
27
I1
11
Bulk Carriers
28
11
I,
Ore Carriers
29
I1
11
Tankers
30
II
I1
31
10
II
,I
Passenger Ships
32
33
11
12
l1
,I
RO-ro Ships
34
13
I,
II
Bulk Carriers
35
14
I,
11
Ore Carriers
36
15
I1
II
Tankers
37
vii
Page
II
',
16
II
17
II
18Draught
Ships
Cargo
General
It
38
Ships
Passenger
39
40
v Deadweight.ContainerShips
RO-ro Ships
19
I1
20
11
21
11
11
Ore Carriers
43
22
II
II
Tankers
44
23
11
II
Ships
General
Cargo
45
24
11
II
25
41
Carriers
Bulk
42
Ships
Passenger
46
v Deadweight.Container
Ships
GrossRegisteredTons
26
II
11
11
II
27
11
II
11
II
RO- ro S h i p s
11
II
I1
I1
29
II
II
I1
30
11
11
II
49
Ore
Carriers
50
Tankers
51
General
Cargo Ships
viii
48
Bulk
Carriers
28
47
52
Page
31
Passenger
Ships
32
Container
Ships
54
55
33
II
It
IIII
RO- ro Sh i PS
34
II
II
II
Bulk
Carriers
35
II
36
II
37
l1
38
II
II
l1
II
II
11
11
l1
11
56
Ore
Carriers
57
Tankers
58
General
Cargo Ships
59
Passenger
Ships
39
53
60
61
40
11
II
RO- ro S h i p s
62
41
11
Bulk Carriers
63
42
11
I,
Ore Carriers
64
43
11
It
Tanker-s
65
44
11
66
ix
Page
45
46
II
Passenger
Ships
I1
67
Horsepower v Deadweight. HP
U.
(DWT)fi.E
Container
47
II
I1
48
II
I1
49
11
I1
50
I1
51
II
Carriers
Carriers
Ships
68
RO- ro Sh i ps
69
Bulk
70
Ore
71
Tankers
72
11
General Cargo
73
Ships
52
I1
II
Passenger
74
Ships
53
Horsepower v Deadweight. HP
U.
(DWT)fi.( V ) y
.E
Container
54
55
Ships
75
RO- ro Ships
76
Bulk
Carriers
77
56
Ore Carriers
78
57
Tankers
79
58
General Cargo
Sh i ps
80
Page
59
Horsepower v Deadweight.
60
Speed
61
11
62
81
Container Ships
82
I,
Ro-ro Ships
83
11
I1
Bulk Carriers
84
63
II
II
Ore Carriers
85
64
,I
I1
Tankers
86
65
I1
It
87
66
It
I,
Passenger Ships
88
67
Deadweight.
Passenger Ships
Container Capacity
Deadweight
X1
89
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
.
.
. the
. the
. the
and
. the
CHAPTER 2
. name;
. owner and manager's name;
. detailed specification of
. detailed specification of
. ship type;
I
the hull;
the equipment and propulsion systems;
ship builder;
builder; and
country of registry.
. engine
. deadweight
. length -
. breadth -
. draught -
. gross
the spaces within the hull and of the enclosed spaces above
the deck, all dividedby one hundred;
registered tons (NRT) - derived from the gross tonnage
by deducting spaces used for the accommodation of the master,
officers, crew, navigation, propelling machinery and fuel;
. net
25474180--2
. age
. power -
. speed -
. container
It would be unreasonable
container ships
ro-ro ships
bulk carriers
ore carriers
tankers
general cargo ships
passenger ships
total
. contains
. contains
. ships
The data files were very large, therefore, the first step
of the analysis was to delete all the ships that were not
relevant so that the subsequent data preparation was performed
on much smaller files which were simpler and cheaper to
manipulate.
The data preparation was performed using three
computer programs:
DATAPREPl, DATAPREP2 and DATAPREP3. Figures
3(a) , 3(b) and 3(c) illustrate the major functions of these
programs in diagrammatic form.
Broadly, the first program locates those ships that areto be
included in the sample and creates seven output files which each
contain the information for one ship type. The second program
locates the specific information to be analysed for each ship
and performs some checks on the data. The third program
carries
out further checks on the data, converts it to a form suitable
for regression analysis and creates seven files for input t o
the statistical package. These three programs
and the analysis
performed are described in more detail in A,nnex B.
Standard linear regression techniques were then used to determine
the line of best fit for each set of data. All regressions were
performed
sample
the
sizes
on
shown
above.
!
The output presented for each regression consists of a point
plot of the sample data with the regression relationship and
9 5 per cent prediction confidence interval superimposed. These
plots are shown in Figures 4-67. The point plots are generated
such that an asterisk signifies one data point; a '2' denotes
two coincident data points etc.; and a '9' denotes nine or more
coincident data points.
CARD
TYPE
T21
1
2 3
5 6 7 4
8 9 1011 12131415
LENGTH
OVERALL
FEET
DRAUGHT
MAX
B R EADTH
EXTREME
INS
mm
FEET
LENGTH
BETWEEN
PERPENDICULARS
INS
FRACTION
FEET
LARGER/OR ONLY
INS FRACTION
33343536
37 3839 4041
DEPTH
MOULDED
BREADTH
MOULDED
FEET
mfflae EI41m
282930 31 32
23 24 25 26 27
REGISTERED
LENGTH
SMALLER
FEET INS
FRACTION
CARDIMAGE
42434445
LENGTH
SEQUENCE
CARD NUMBER
TYPE
T370 1
/
OF CONTAINERS
NO.OF CONTAINERS
9 5 0 / 2 0 '
"
A0 2
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415
CARD
IMAGE
f
LOCATE SHIP TYPE
I
YES
l
LOAD THESE CARDS INTO THE
OUTPUT ARRAY
I
NO
IS THISTHE
THE
FINALSHIP
ON FILE?
S
STOP
12
DATAPREP1
BUFFER IN THE
INFORMATION
FORSHIPONE
l
l
1
1
LOCATE
CARDS
WITH TONNAGE, DIMENSIONS
AND
AGE
LOADTHE
INFORMATION
INTO O U T P U T
ISTHIS A
ARRAY
TYPE
l
LOCATE
INFORMATION
CONTAINER
CAPACITY
CONTAINER
SHIP?
NO
ON
LOAD
INFORMATION
INTO
OUTPUT
ARRAY
IS INFORMATION
AVAILWLE
POWER?
ON
YES
LOAD
INFORMATION POWER
ON
INTO O U T P U T
ARRAY
,
LOCATE
I I
l
CARD
WITH
INFORMATION
ON
B UFFER
OUT
INFORMATION
SPEED
FOR
SHIP
ONE
13
DATAPREP2
INPUT INFORMATION ON
TONNAGE
DIMENSIONS FOR ONE SHIP
AND
+
CONVERT INFORMATION ON DIMENSIONS AND
DEADWEIGHTTO METRIC
UNITS
c
I
(IFRELEVANT)
TO TEUS
CONVERT CONTAINER
INFORMATION
(IFRELEVANT)
OUTPUT INFORMATION
NO
FOR
ONE SHIP
14
DATAPREP3
YES
CHAPTER 3
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
. Length =
a. (DWT)3 .E
. Breadth =
a. (DWT)B
. Draught =
a. (DWT)B .E
.E
. Length =
+ 8. (DWT) + y .(DWT)2 +
. breadth =
a +
. Draught =
CL
8. (DWT) + y .(DWT)
a.
(DWT) + y .(DWT)2 +
15
. minimum
cost;
carrying capacity; and
. constraints on length, breadth, draught.
. maximum
16
TONNAGE
The volume of a ship is expressed in volumetric tons and is
referred to as its tonnage (1 ton = 100 ft3) .
The charges for
berthing and docking a ship, for passage through canals and locks
and for many other facilities are usually basedon a ship's
tonnage. The
two tonnage measures of prime interest are the
gross registered tons (GRT) and net registered tons (NRT).
Figures 25-38 show GRT and NRT plotted against deadweight for
each of the seven shiptypes.
As tonnage is broadly a measure of the volume of a ship's cargo,
linear
17
AG E
The age of a shipin years, at 1977, wasplotted against
deadweight for each of the seven ship types and is shown in
Figures 39-45. These graphs do, in general, illustrate the
expected trend; namely, that the size of ships has been
increasing with time. Although larger
ships are being built
with time, a variety of smaller ships is still being built to
service that trade which does not justify the
use of larger
ships. This trend
is exhibited most
CI
+ B. (DWT) +
18
ro-ro or passenger ships while for all other ship types the
regression was significant and showed a negative correlation
between age and deadweight, i.e. the larger ships tend to be
newer.
These results really only provide a statistical verification
of what can be seen by inspection of the graphs. There is, in
general terms, a significant trend toward larger vessels
for
bulk carriers, ore carriers, tankers, general cargo ships and
container ships, while no suchtrend is apparent for ro-ro
or passenger ships.
A model of the form
Age
CL
+ B.(DWT)-l
= CL.
(DWT)9 .E
it
+ 6. (DWT) +
20
a. (DWT)6. (V)Y
.E
25474/80--3
21
in power.
However, the design speed for bulk carriers, ore carriers and
tankers is virtually a constant and, hence, omission of the speed
term does not have a major effect on the regressions for these
ship types. On the other hand, container ships show the largest
systematic variation in speed, and this results in the speed
term being very significant
in power.
SPEED
Figures 60-66 show speed plotted against deadweight for each
of the seven ship types.
a + 8. (DWT) +
E..
22
a.
(DWT)S .E.
23
a +
where TEU
B .(DWT) +
to the data:
TEU
CL
.( D W T ).E~
24
25
384.0
376.0
368.0
360.0
352.0
344.0
336.0
328.0
320.0
312.0
304.0
296.0
288.0
280.0
272.0
264.0
256.0
248.0
240.0
232.0
224.0
216.0
208.0
200.0
192.0
184.0
176.0
168.0
160.0
152.0
144.0
136.0
128.0
120.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
('000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
\
N
27
N
N
0
0
W
M
.
.
rn
. z
0
0
0
z z
W
n
<
3
0
W
o u
' W
0
-
lY
L
E
N
G
T
H
284.0
280.0
276.0
272.0
268.0
264.0
260.0
256.0
252.0
248.0
244.0
240.0
236.0
232.0
228.0
224.0
220.0
216.0
212.0
208.0
204.0
200.0
196.0
192.0
188.0
184.0
180.0
176.0
172.0
168.0
164.0
160.0
156.0
152.0
148.0
144.0
140.0
136.0
132.0
128.0
124.0
0.0
15.0
30.0
45.0
60.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 6
75.0
90.0
(000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
105.0
120.0
135.0
150.0
29
- 0
-0
0
W
-0
2
- 0
0
3
-0
0
0
3
-0
0
W
-0
- 0
- 0
L
E
N
G
T
H
~
W
0
448.0
440.0
432.0
424.0
416.0
408.0
400.0
392.0
384.0
376 .D
368.0
360.0
352.0
344.0
336.0
328 .O
320.0
312.0
304.0
296.0
288.0
280.0
272.0
264.0
256.0
248.0
240.0
232.0
224.0
216.0
208.0
200.0
192.0
184.0
176.0
168 .O
160.0
152.0
144.0
136.0
128.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
FIGURE 8
---
('000 TONNES)
31
U
-I
Qf
W
W
N
352.0
344.0
336.0
328.0
320.0
312.0
304.0
296.0
288.0
280.0
272.0
264.0
256.0
248.0
240.0
232.0
224.0
216.0
208.0
200.0
192.0
184.0
176 .O
168.0
160.0
152.0
144.0
136.0
128.0
120.0
112.0
104.0
96.0
88.0
80.0
72.0
64.0
56.0
48.0
40.0
32.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 10
(000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
33
1y
W
P
32.50
32.00
31.50
31 .OO
30.50
30.00
29.50
29.00
28.50
28.00
27.50
27 .OO
26.50
26.00
25.50
25.00
24.50
24.00
23.50
23.00
22.50
22.00
21.50
21 .oo
20.50
20.00
19.50
19 .oo
18.50
18.00
17.50
17.00
16.50
16.00
15.50
15.00
14.50
14.00
13.50
13.00
..
22
y
DEADWEIGHT
(000 TONNES)
---
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
FIGURE 12
B
R
E
A
D
T
-.
48.80
48.00
47.20
46.40
45.60
44.80
44.00
43.20
42.40
41.60
40.80
40.00
39.20
38.40
37.60
36.80
36.00
35.20
34.40
33.60
32.80
32.00
31.20
30.40
29.60
28.80
28.00
27.20
26.40
25.60
24.80
24.00
23.20
22.40
21.60
20.80
20.00
19.20
18.40
17.60
16.80 I
0.0
398999429
838952
*5*35*f(
94 3
.2".
I
15.0
30.0
45.0
60.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 13
75.0
90.0
('000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
105.0
120.0
135.0
150.0
48.80
48.00
47.20
46.40
45.60
44.80
44.00
43.20
42.40
41.60
40.80
40.00
39.20
38.40
37.60
36.80
36.00
35.20
34~.40
33.60
32.80
32.00
31.20
30.40
29.60
28.80
28.00
27.20
26.40
25.60
24.80
24.00
23.20
22.40
21.60
20.80
20.00
19.20
18.40
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 14
('000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
25474180- 4
37
0
0
m
*
0
0
*
m
m
'
0
o
m
o
0
10
'
.c
w2
c
e
0
0
0
w
n
3
n
<
o z
0
o
N
0
0
10
0
l-,
0
0
0
0
l-
B
R
E
A
24.00
23.20
D
T
H
W
W
37.60
36.80
36.00
35.20
34.40
33.60
32.80
32.00
31.20
30.40
29.60
28.80
28 .oo
27.20
26.40
25.60
24.80
22.40
21.60
20.80
20.00
19.20
18.40
17.60
16.80
16.00
15.20
14.40
13.60
12.80
12.00
11.20
10.40
9.60
8.80
8.00
7.20
6.40
5.60
0.
'493
386'
39
5
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
FIGURE 16
('000 TONNES)
---
\
\
\ *
\
\
'
\
.\
I*
**\
39
13.75
13.50
13.25
13.00
12.75
D
R
A
U
G
H
T
ro
0
11.75
11.50
11.25
1 1 .oo
10.75
10.50
10.25
10.00
9.75
9.50
9.25
9.00
8.75
8.50
8.25
8.00
7.75
7.50
7.25
7.00
6.75
6.50
6.25
6.00
5.75
5.50
5.25
5.00
4.75
4.50
4.25
4.00
222
22
3.75
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 18
25.0
30.0
('000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
DRAUGHT VS DEADWEIGHT
-.
(CONTAINER SHIPS)
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.50
10.35
10.20
10.05
9.90
9 ..75
9.60
9.45
9.30
9.15
9.00
8.85
8.70
8.55
8.40
8.25
8.10
7.95
7.80
7.65
7.50
7.35
7.20
7.05
6.90
6.75
6.60
6.45
6.30
6.15
/ "2
6.00
5.85
5.70
5.55
5.40
5.25
5.10
4.95
4.80
4.65
4.50
2
*2
6.0
4.0
10.0
8.0
DEADWEIGHT
12.0
('000 TONNES)
---
REGRESSION LINE
9596 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
FIGURE 19
DRAUGHT VS DEADWEIGHT
14.0
(RO. R0 SHIPS)
16.0
18.0
20.0
22.0
D
R
A
U
G
H
T
22.40
22 .oo
21.60
21.20
20.80
20.40
20.00
19.60
19.20
18.80
18.40
18.00
17.60
17.20
16.80
16.40
16.00
15.60
15.20
14.80
14.40
14.00
13.60
13.20~
12.80
12.40
12.00
11,60
11.20
10.80
10.40
10.00
9.60
9.20
8.80
8.40
8.00
7.60
7.20
6.80
6.40
0.0
'5
15.0
30.0
45.0
60.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 20
75.0
90.0
(boo TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
105.0
120.0
~.
"
135.0
150.0
23.60
23.20
22.80
22.40
22.00
!
l
D
R
A
U
G
H
16.40
19.20
18.80
18.40
18.00
17.60
17.20
16.80
I
j
.
n
16 .OO
15.6015.20
14.80
14.40
14.00
13.60
13.20
12.80
12.40
12.00
11.60
11.20
10.80
10.40
10.00
9.60
9.20
8.80
8.40
8.00
7.60
0.0
I
~~~
I
20.0
60.0
40.0
80.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 21
100.0
i 120.0
('000 TONNES)
"
-
INTERVAL
DRAUGHT VS DEADWEIGHT
(O R E CARRIERS)
140.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
39.20
38.40
37.60
36.80
36.00
35.20
34.40
33.60
32.80
32.00
31.20
30.40
29.60
28.80
28.00
27.20
26.40
25.60
24.80
24.00
23.20
22.40
21.60
20.80
20.00
19.20
18.40
17.60
16.80
16.00
15.20
14.40
13.60
12.80
12.00
11.20
10.40
9.60
8.80
8.00
7.20
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
---
INTERVAL
300.0
(000 TONNES)
350.0
400.0
450.0
500.0
\
,
\
N
45
0
(D
m
cI1
'
m
or4
1
0
0
0
" 8
0
18.00
17.60
17.20
16.80
16.40
16.00
15.60
15.20
14.80
14.40
14.00
13.60
13.20
12.80
12.40
12.00
11.60
11.20
10.80
10.40
10.00
9.60
9.20
8.80
8.40
8.00
7.60
7.20
6.80
6.40
6.00
5.60
5.20
4.80
4.40
4.00
3.60
3.20
2.80
2.40
2.00
0.
. .
..
.*
/
-
/
'
/
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
('000 TONNES)
"
-
(PASSENGER SHIPS)
G
R
0
S
S
R
E
G
I
S
T
E
R
E
D
T
0
N
S
60000.0
58500.0
57000.0
55500.0
54000.0
52500.0
51000.0
49500.0
48000.0
46500.0
45000.0
43500.0
42000.0
40500.0
39000.0
37500.0
36000.0
34500.0
33000.0
31500.0
30000.0
28500.0
27000.0
25500.0
24000.0
22500.0
21000.0
19500.0
18000.0
16500.0
15000.0
13500.0
12000.0
10500.0
9000.0
7500.0
6000.0
4500.0
3000.0
1500.0
0.0
0
',l(,
(-1
(I
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95%
CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 25
('000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
4.
'2
G
R
0
S
S
R
E
G
I
S
T
E
R
E
D
T
0
N
S
21500.0
21000.0
20500.0
20000.0
19500.0
19000.0
18500.0
18000.0
17500.0
17000.0
16500.0
16000.0
15500.0
15000.0
14500.0
14000.0
13500.0
13000.0
12500.0
12000.0
11500.0
11000.0
10500.0
10000 I 0
9500.0
9000.0
8500.0
8000.0
7500.0
7000.0
6500.0
6000.0
5500.0
5000.0
4500.0
4000.0
3500.0
3000.0
2500.0
2000.0
1500.0
2.0
/*
/
5
2/
92'
~
2
6
'
22 3
'
'
2
I
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
FIGURE 26
//
/
/
/-
12.0
14.0
16.0
'
( 000 TONNES )
---
(RO.R0 SHIPS)
18.0
20.0
22.0
R
0
S
S
R
E
G
I
S
T
E
R
E
D
T
0
N
S
86000.0
84000.0
82000.0
80000.0
78000.0
76000.0
74000.0
72000.0
70000.0
68000.0
66000.0
64000.0
62000.0
60000.0
58000.0
56000.0
54000.0
52000.0
50000.0
48000.0
46000.0
44000.0
42000.0
40000.0
38000.0
36000.0
34000.0
32000.0
30000.0
28000.0
26000.0
24000.0
22000.0
20000.0
18000.0
16000.0
14000.0
12000.0
10000.0
8000.0
*A;
6000.0
15.0
0.0
30.0
45.0
60.0
75.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95Yo CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 27
SO.0
105.0
('000 TONNES)
"
-
INTERVAL
(BULK CARRIERS)
120.0
135.0
150.0
G
R
0
S
S
R
E
G
I
S
T
E
R
E
D
ul
0
T
0
N
S
105000.0
102500.0
100000.0
97500.0
95000.0
92500.0
90000.0
87500.0
85000.0
82500.0
80000.0
77500.0
75000.0
72500.0
70000.0
67500.0
65000.0
62500.0
60000.0
57500.0
55000.0
52500.0
50000.0
47500.0
45000.0
42500.0
40000.0
37500.0
35000.0
32500.0
30000.0
27500.0
25000.0
22500.0
20000.0
17500.0
15000.0
12500.0
10000.0
7500.0
5000.0
0
.- \&l"
1,
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 28
('000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
51
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m
h
v1
. Mz
L-
<
W
0
o z
::e
0
2
3
X
'
ro
I 0
I;
c
c
c3
W
5
4
W
v,
>
G
R
0
S
S
R
E
G
I
S
T
E
R
E
D
W
M
T
0
N
S
30000.0
29250.0
28500.0
27750.0
27000.0
26250.0
25500.0
24750.0
24000.0
23250.0
22500.0
21750.0
21000.0
20250.0
19500.0
18750.0
18000.0
17250.0
16500.0
15750.0
15000.0
14250.0
13500.0
12750.0
12000.0
11250.0
10500.0
9750.0
9000. a
8250.0
7500.0
6750.0
6000.0
5250.0
4500.0
3750.0
3000.0
2250.0
1500.0
750.0
0.0
0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 30
(000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
G
R
0
S
S
R
E
G
I
S
T
E
R
E
D
W1
W
T
0
N
S
32000.0
31200.0
30400.0
29600.0
28800.0
28000.0
27200.0
26400.0
25600.0
24800.0
24000.0
23200.0
22400.0
21600.0
20800.0
20000.0
19200.0
18400.0
17600.0
16800.0
16000.0
15200.0
14400.0
13600.0
12800.0
12000.0
11200.0
10400.0
9600.0
8800.0
8000.0
7200.0
6400.0
5600.0
4800.0
4000.0
3200.0
2400.0
1600.0
800.0
/
/
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE.
95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
FIGURE 31
('000 TONNES)
"
-
E
R
E
D
T
0
N
S
40000.0
39000.0
38000.0
37000.0
36000.0
35000.0
34000.0
33000.0
32000.0
31000.0
30000.0
29000.0
28000.0
27000.0
26000.0
25000-;824000.0
23000.0
22000.0
21000.0
20000.0
19000.0
18000.0
17000.0
16000.0
15000.0
14000.0
13000.0
12000.0
11000.0
10000.0
9000.0
8000.0
7000.0
6000.0
5000.0
4000.0
3000.0
2000.01000.0
0.0
0.
-/g56
_-
..
25.0
DEADWEIGHT
30.0
(000 TONNES)
35.0
40.0
T
50.045.0
4.
N
E
T
R
E
G
I
S
T
E
R
E
D
T
0
N
S
16400.0
16000.0
15600.0
15200.0
14800.0
14400.0
14000.0
13600.0
13200.0
12800.0
12400.0
12000.0
11600.0
11200.0
10800.0
10400.0
10000.0
9600.0
9200.0
8800.0
8400.0
8000.0
7600.0
7200.0
6800.0
6400.0
6000.0
5600.0
5200.0
4800.0
4400.0
4000.0
3600.0
3200.0
2800.0
2400.0
2000.0
1600.0
1200.0
800.0
400.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 33
('000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
(RO. R0 SHIPS)
N
E
T
R
E
G
I
S
T
E
R
E
D
T
0
N
S
60000.0
58500.0
57000.0
55500.0
54000.0
52500.0
51000.0
49500.0
48000.0
46500.0
45000.0
43500.0
42000.0
40500.0
39000.0
37500.0
36000.0
34500.0
33000.0
31500.0
30000.0
28500.0
27000.0
25500.0
24000.0
22500.0
21000.0
19500.0
18000.0
16500.0
15000.0
13500.0
12000.0
10500.0
9000.0
7500.0
.6000.0
4500.0
3000.0
1500.0
0.0
0.0
/I
p & *
.
/
/
l
15.0
1
30.0
REGRESSION LINE
---
75.0
60.045.0
DEADWEIGHT
95% CONFIDENCE
90.0
105.0
(000 TONNES)
INTERVAL
(BULK CARRIERS)
120.0
il
150,
135.0
.o
3
Y
n
3
3
3
iD
3
3
3
t
4
0
0
0
0
(D
0
0
d
0
0
CV
W
W
0
N
E
T
R
E
G
I
S
T
E
R
E
D
T
0
N
S
200000.0
195000.0
190000.0
185000.0
180000.0
175000.0
170000.0
165000.0
160000.0
155000.0
150000.0
145000.0
140000.0
135000.0
130000.0
125000.0
120000.0
115000.0
110000.0
105000.0
100000.0
95000.0
90000.0
85000.0
80000.0
75000.0
70000.0
65000.0
60000.0
55000.0
50000.0
45000.0
40000.0
35000.0
30000.0
25000.0
20000.0
15000.0
10000.0
5000.0
0.0
"
DEADWEIGHT
('000 TONNES)
---
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
vs
DEADWEIGHT (TANKERS)
.........................................
0
0
W
r(
0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
omomomomomomomomomomomomomomomomomomomo~
0 m m m m ~ ~ w w m m ~ - 3 m m ~ ~ - - 0 o m m m m ~ ~ w w m m ~ - 3 m m ~ ~ - N
"
"
"
"
"
r
(
"
"
"
~
lW
N
E
T
R
E
G
I
S
T
E
R
E
D
T
r
n
0
N
S
15200.0
14800.0
14400.0
14000.0
13600.0
13200.0
12800.0
12400.0
12000.0
11600.0
11200.0
10800.0
10400.0
10000.0
9600.0
9200.0
8800.0
8400.0
8000.0
7600.0
7200.0
6800.0
6400.0
6000.0
5600.0
5200.0
4800.0
4400.0
4000.0
3600.0
3200.0
2800.0
2400.0
2000.0
1600.0
1200.0
800.0
400.0
0.0
0:
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 38
('000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
G
E
Y
E
A
R
S
21 .oo
20.50
20.00
19.50
19.00
18.50
18.00
17.50
17.00
16.50
16.00
15.50
15.00
14.50
14.00
13.50
13.00
12.50
12.00
11.50
11.00
10.50
10.00
9.50
9.00
8.50
2
2
2'
8.00
7.50
7.00
6.50
6.00
5.50
5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
'2
4 2
2'2
3.00
2.50
2.00
3
'
'2
DEADWEIGHT
('000 TONNES)
REGRESSION LINE
FIGURE 39
A
G
E
Y
E
A
R
42
41 .OO
40.00
39.00
38.00
37 .OO
36.00
35.00
34.00
33.00
32.00
31 .OO
30.00
29.00
28.00
27.00
26.00
25.00
24.00
23.00
22.00
21 .oo
20.00
19.00
18.00
17.00
16.00
15.00
14.00
13.00
12.00
11 .oo
10.00
9.00
8.00
7 .OO
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
2
t.
2
2
3
*
2
'
3
'
3
'
..
tt
*
*2
2
2
*
t
1 .oo
2.0
.2
4.0
6.0
t
t
* *
* 2
22
8.0
1
10.0
DEADWEIGHT
I
12.0
l
14.0
('
000 TONNES 1
.
I
16.0
I
18.0
2
20.0
22.0
20.25
A
G
E
Y
E
A
R
S
30.00
29.25
28.50
27.75
27.00
26.25
25.50
24.75
24.00
23.25
22.50
21.75
21 $00
.**
19.50
18.75
18.00
17.25
16.60
15.75
15.00
14.25
13.50
12.75
12.00
11.25
10.50
9.75
9.00
8.25
7.50
6.75
*3 2
3 .
3 t
**
'
3
tt.tt
'223
**
6.00
5.25
4.50
3.75
3.00
2.25
1.50
0.75
0.00
0.0
2
* *
n
-3 I "
I
I
"
- -
15.0
30.0
45.0
60.0
DEADWEIGHT
75.0
AGE V S DEADWEIGHT
90.0
('000 TONNES)
REGRESSION LINE
FIGURE 41
"
(BULK CARRIERS)
105.0
135.0
120.0
150.0
A
G
E
Y
E
A
R
S
33.60
32.80
32.00
31.20
30.40
29.60
28.80
28.00
27.20
26.40
25.60
24.80
24.00
23.20
22.40
21.60
20.80
20.00
19.20
18.40
17.60
16.80
16.00
15.20
14.40
13.60
12.80
12 .oo
11.20
10.40
9.60
8.80
8.00
7.20
6.40
5.60
4.80
4.00
3.20
2
.tt
.
l
.
5
'92"
954
'6692
3
'2
4
2
. 5 .
n
*ttt
0 .0
DEADWEIGHT
('000 TONNES)
41 .OO
40.00
39.00
38 .OO
37.00
36.00
35.00
34.00
33.00
32.00
31 .OO
2'
30.00
A
G
E
t
29.00
28.00
27.00
26.00
25.00
24.00
23.00
22.00
21 .oo
20.00
19.00
18.00
17 00
16.00
15.00
14.00
13.00
12.00
11.00
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1 .00
0.0
*t*t
'2'
23
..5*
3'7*2*
442'3'
* * 6 2 4*
5'4'26'2
9.23 6
* 9 '5627
*
..
m
UI
3
*63
3'2'
'22
"5 '5 *
2
"33 * *
'2
*
* 2.*
2
822
23
2'3
3*
2'
. .*
..
5
L
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
FIGURE 43
250.0
300.0
('000 TONNES)
350.0
400.0
450.0
500.0
25.00
24.38
23.75
23.13
22.50
21.88
21.25
20.63
20.00
19.38
18.75
18.13
17.50
16.88
16.25
15.63
15.00
14.38
13.75
13.13
12.50
11.88
11.25
10.63
10.00
9.38
8.75
8.13
7.50
6.88
6.25
5.63
5.00
4.38
3.75
3.13
2.50
1.88
1.25
0.63
..
..
..
33..
669342' 32'3932'
57665529'4522293.5'
*32
'
'
4
'
3
'
*S832 2 3 45'.
39%3%7;'*9
*65*354322 232**4.& 2
'3.443'
..
I
0.00
0.0
*22 '2 7
'
2
'
2 2443
*422 2
7
**
'2 24 '
'522 *
*22'4'
**
'
3
23"'4*3
'2
264 232 2
4' 243.2.4
2 2 3
323*'*425
*4 ** '45 222 +Q"
*32*2 923322
2
4.0
...
444*3'4*'*42223***
3 2
'
4
''2
'
2
- *
**
'22'
3
'
t.
8.0
5'
12.0
**
16.0
DEADWEIGHT
20.0
24.0
( 000 TONNES)
REGRESSION LINE
28.0
32.0
36.0
40.0
67
Nbmm
-1.
L
v)
!
-
c3
W
5
U
W
n
v)
>
W
c3
n
0
R
S
E
P
0
W
E
R
160000.0
156000.0
152000.0
148000.0
144000.0
140000.0
136000.0
132000.0
128000.0
124000.0
120000.0
116000.0
112000.0
108000.0
104000.0
100000.0
96000.0
92000.0
88000.0
84000.0
80000.0
76000.0
- 72000.0
68000.0
64000.0
60000.0
56000.0
52000.0
48000.0
44000.0
40000.0
36000.0
32000.0
28000.0
24000.0
20000.0
16000.0
12000.0
8000.0
4000.0
0.0
0.0
33
/
/
/
L
..
:5
'4'
* *
8776'42829'2/
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 46
**
25.0
30.0
( 000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
39000.0
38000.0
37000.0
36000.0
35000.0
34000.0
33000.0
H
0
R
S
E
P
0
W
E
R
32000.0
31000.0
30000.0
29000.0
28000.0
27000.0
26000.0
25000.0
24000.0
23000.0
22000.0
21000.0
20000.0
19000.0
18000.0
17000.0
16000.0
15000.0
14000.0
13000.0
2*
12000.0
11000.0
10000.0
9000.0
8000.0
7000 .0
6000.0
5000.0
4000.0
3000 10
2000 !
0
1000.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 47
12.0
('000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
HORSEPOWER V S DEADWEIGHT
14.0
(RO. R 0 SHIPS)
16.0
18.0
20.0
22.0
H
0
R
S
E
P
32800.0
32000.0
31200.0
30400.0
29600.0
28800.0
28000.0
27200.0
26400.0
25600.0
24800.0
24000.0
23200.0
22400.0
21600.0
20800.0
20000.0
19200.0
18400.0
17600.0
16800.0
16000.0
0
W
15200.0
E
R
- 14400.0
13600.0
12800.0
12000.0
11200.0
10400.0
9600.0
8800.0
8000.0
7200.0
6400.0
5600.0
4800.0
4000.0
3200.0
2400.0
1600.0
800.0
0.0
22
15.0
45.0
30.0
60.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
FIGURE 48
75.0
90.0
('000 TONNES)
"
-
105.0
120.0
135.0
150.0
n
0
R
S
E
P
0
E
R
80440.0
78440.0
76440.0
74440.0
72440.0
70440.0
68440.0
66440.0
64440.0
62440.0
60440.0
58440.0
56440.0
54440.0
52440.0
50440.0
48440 0
46440.0
44440.0
42440.0
40440.0
38440.0
36440.0
34440.0
32440.0
30440.0
28440.0
26440.0
24440.0
22440.0
20440.0
18440.0
16440.0
14440.0
12440.0
10440 0
8440.0
6440.0
4440.0
2440.0
440.0
0.0
I
I
20.0
60.0
40.0
I
80.0
DEADWEIGHT
100.0
120.0
(000 TONNES)
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 49
INTERVAL
140.0 200.0
180.0
160.0
H
0
R
S
E
P
0
W
E
R
60000.0
58500.0
57000.0
55500.0
54000.0
52500.0
51000.0
49500.0
48000.0
46500.0
45000.0
43500.0
42000.0
40500.0
39000.0
37500.0
36000.0
34500.0
33000.0
31500.0
30000.0
28500.0
27000.0
25500.0
19500.0
18000.0
16500.0
15000.0
13500.0
12000.0
10500.0
9000.0
7500.0
6000.0
4500.0
3000.0
1500.0
0.0
/
/
/
95 **
2
I
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
9556 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
FIGURE 50
('000 TONNES)
---
H
0
R
S
E
P
0
W
E
R
32000.0
31200.0
30400.0
29600.0
28800.0
28000.0
27200.0
26400.0
25600.0
24800.0
24000.0
23200.0
22400.0
21600.0
20800.0
20000.0
19200.0
18400.0
17600.0
16800.0
16000.0
15200.0
14400.0
13600.0
12800.0
12000.0
11200.0
10400.0
9600.0
8800.0
8000.0
7200.0
6400.0
5600.0
4800.0
4000.0
3200.0
2400.0
1600.0
800.0 "..
0.0
0.0
..
I
.
* J
/
2
/2
/-"-
4.0
8.0
12.0
16.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
FIGURE 51
20.0
24.0
28.0
('000 TONNES)
---
32.0
I
36.0
40 .o
H
0
R
S
E
P
0
W
E
R
76000.0
74000.0
72000.0
70000.0
68000.0
66000.0
64000.0
62000.0
60000.0
58000.0
56000.0
54000.0
52000.0
50000.0
48000.0
46000.0
44000.0
42000.0
40000.0
38000.0
36000.0
34000.0
32000.0
30000.0
28000.0
26000.0
24000.0
22000.0
20000.0
18000.0
16000.0
14000.0
12000.0
10000.0
8000.0
6000.0
4000.0
2000.0
0.0
0.0
/
/
L
1.5
3.0
4.5
6.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 52
7.5
9.0
('000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
10.5
12.0
13.5
15.0
75
*\\
:
\
l
\
\
\
\
* \
\
\
\
l
-\,
It
F
l
l
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N
N
0
0
N
0
4)
r
(
1
4
0
3
0
r
(
0
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000N
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
~ ~ m m m m m m m m m m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ - - - - - r ( -
76
*\.
>
\\
77
H
0
R
S
E
P
0
W
E
R
80440.0
78440.0
76440.0
74440.0
72440.0
70440.0
68440.0
66440.0
64440.0 I
62440.0
60440.0
58440.0
56440.0
54440.0
52440.0
50440.0
48440.0
46440.0
44440.0
42440.0
40440.0
38440.0
36440.0
34440.0
32440.0
30440.0
28440.0
26440.0
24440.0
22440.0
20440.0
18440.0
16440.0
14440.0
12440.0
10440.0
8440.0
6440.0
4440.0
2440.0
440.0 1
0.0
/ 3
4
w
839483 5
. .
40.0
20.0
60.0
I
80.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 56
100.0
120.0
(000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
140.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
0
0
m
-$
0
0
d*
0
0
U)
0
0
0
0
3
lc
fl
3
'v
3
3
3
3
+
;
3
000000000000000000000000000000300000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
omomomomomomomomomomomoU)omomomomomomo~om
o m ~ m ~ ~ - m m w m m ~ o m ~ w d m - o m ~ m ~ ~ - m m ~ m ~ ~ o m ~ w ~ m ~mm~mmmd-$dlddlmmmmmmmNNNNNN-----**
79
n
0
R
S
E
P
0
W
E
R
a,
0
32000.0
31200.0
30400.0
29600.0
28800.0
28000.0
27200.0
26400.0
25600.0
24800.0
24000.0
23200.0
22400.0
21600.0
20800.0
20000.0
19200.0
18400.0
17600.0
16800.0
16000.0
15200.0
14400.0
13600.0
12800.0
12000.0
11200.0
10400.0
9600.0
8800.0
8000.0
7200.0
6400.0
5600.0
4800.0
4000.0
3200.0
2400.0
2999899.9
1600.0
800.0 8997
0.0
I
0.0 8.0 4.0
2
/
/
V=15
-t.
**
I
12.0
16.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
FIGURE 58
20.0
24.0
28.0
(000 TONNES)
---
32.0
36.0
40.0
l
l
\
\
\
* *
81
>
l
N
*
m \
* N\
l
\
*
0
3
t-
CY
W
K
N
0
T
S
41.60
40.80
40.00
39.20
38.40
37.60
36.80
36.00
35.20
34.40
33.60
32.80
32.00
31.20
30.40
29.60
28.80
28.00
27.20
26.40
25.60
24.80
24.00
23.20
22.40
21.60
20.80
20.00
19.20
18.40
17.60
16.80
16 .OO
15.20
14.40
13.60
12.80
12 .oo
11.20
10.40
9.60
0 .o
33
/-
243 "4.2
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
25.0
30.0
('000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
.
.
'
.
.
FIGURE 60
**
35.0
40.0
45.0
I
50.0
\
\
\.
1.
\
l
l
N
83
P
E
E
D
N
0
T
S
30.00
29.25
28.50
27.75
27 .OO
26.25
25.50
24.75
24.00
23.25
22.50
21.75
21 .oo
20.25
19.50
18.75
18.00
17.25
16.50
15.75
15.00
14.25
13.50
12.75
12.00
11.25
10.50
9.75
9.00
8.25
7.50
6.75
6.00
5.25
4.50
3.75
3.00
2.25
1.50
0.75
0.00
0.0
7.
. .
1
40.0
20.0
60.0
I
80.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
100.0
120.0
(000 TONNES)
---
140.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
P
E
E
D
K
N
0
T
S
28.50
27.75
27.00
26.25
25.50
24.75
24.00
23.25
22.50
21.75
21.00
20.25
19.50
18.75
18.00
17.25
16.50
15.75
15.00
14.25
13.50
12.75
12.00
11.25
10.50
9.75
9.00
8.25
7.50
6.75
6.00
5.25
4.50
3.75
3.00
2.25
1.50
0.75
0.00
6 266 *3*** 5
2
**95933622334
2255
2 R*
*9638 24
4962
2
.
P
0.0
1
20.0
42 **** 2
REGRESSION LINE
FIGURE63
A*
*
2.
**.2.
I
*
60.040.0
80.0
160.0
140.0
120.0
100.0
DEADWEIGHT
95% CONFIDENCE
..2 .
**
(000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
180.0
200.0
19.50
27.75
27.00
26.25
25.50
24.75
24.00
23.25
22.50
21.75
21 .oo
20,25
S
P
E
E
D
K
N
0
T
S
18.75
18.00
17.25
16.50
15.75
89699969837859256324*2**2*4*
15.00
*
4
Y
4
3355
14,25
9992.2
2
13.50
,
12.75
4533
12.00
92
11.25
10.50
9.75
9.00
8.25
7.50
6.75
6.00
5.25
4.50
3.75
3.00
2.25
1.50
0.75
I
I
1
0.00
0.0
50.0
150.0
100.0
2
2
200.0
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
**
444362. 7 17
2.4 *49 28863*4
3
*
t
* *
---
INTERVAL
250.0
.*
300.0
(000 TONNES)
350.0
400.0
I
450.0
500.0
S
P
E
E
K
N
0
T
S
30.00
29.25
28.50
27.75
27.00
26.25
25.50
24.75
24.00
23.25
22.50
21.75
21 .oo
20.25
19.50
18.75
18.00
17.25
16.50
15.75
15.00
14.25
13.50
12.75
12.00
11.25
10.50
9.75
9.00
8.25
7.50
6.75
6.00
5.25
4.50
3.75
3.00
2.25
1.50
0.75
0.00
2*
2.
**
. 2 .3
t
'2
t
9999'"2
94
9942.89
2
\
.
92
'2
/
/
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE
FIGURE 65
..
('000 TONNES)
---
INTERVAL
S
P
E
E
D
K
N
0
T
S
m
m
28.00
27.50
27.00
26.50
26.00
25.50
25.00
24.50
24.00
23.50
23.00
22.50
22.00
21.50
21 .oo
20.50
20.00
19.50
19.00
18.50
*18.00
17.50
17.00
16.50
16.00
15.50
15.00
14.50
14.00
* *
12.00
11.50
11.00
10.50
10.00
9.50
9.00
** 9
DEADWEIGHT
REGRESSION LINE
95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
FIGURE 66
(000 TONNES )
---
89
v)
n
>
>-
CHAPTER 4
- CONCLUDING
REMARKS
GENERAL
Standard regression techniques have been used to determine a
regression model for a number of data sets. The
form of these
data sets is the result of a varietyof interacting factors and,
hence, does not illustrate any single, fundamental principle.
Therefore, the regression relationships provide a description
of the existing world fleet, but they do not illustrate the
physical principles applied to the design o f ships.
ships
this analysis
go
TABLE 1
Ship
a. (DWT) B
Container
60.5 0.94
(269)
0.399
(70.4)
61.7 0.80
(99.7)
0.423
(20.3)
~/
Ro- ro
Bulk Carrier
68.7
(695)
Ore Carrier
72.8 0.97
(390)
0.288
(162)
Tanker
(197)
Passenger
60.0 0.90
(1310)
105
(145)
000 tonnes.
92
0.97
0.349
0.317
(9.97)
DWT measured in
0.276
(87.9)
0.268
(333)
R2
0.92
75.8
(1290)
General
.E
0.72
TABLE 2 -
BREADTH(^):
MODEL,
B
Ship
a.
(DWT)B .E
Container
0.65 Ro- ro
10.4
(169)
0.303
Bulk Carrier
0.92
0.313
11.3
(57.3)
R2
0.311
(60.4)
0.92
(14.2)
8.69
(340)
(169)
Ore Carrier
8.05
(188)
0.341
(107)
Tanker
8 -10
(671)
General Cargo
Passenger
DWT
10 .I 0.93
(1080)
0.99
0.337
(450)
0.281
(232)
0.234
(10.8)
15.3
(124)
in metres.
93
0.98
0.75
TABLE 3
DRAUGHT(^):
MODEL.
= C(.
( D W T ) .E
~
Ship
Container
Ro-
3.78
(87.6)
ro
(22.9)
0.93
Bulk Carrier
0.275
Ore Carrier
3.94
0.83
(53.3)
4.18
(2751
4.07
0.95
(101)
0.320
(56.97
0.297
(182)
0.274
(69.1)
Tanker
General Cargo
Passenger
4.890.54
(40.4)
DWT measured in
'000 tonnes.
94
0.263
(6.74)
R2
0.91
TABLE 4
Ship Type
Container
(60.3)
Ro-
R2
1160
0.92
780
(19.6)
0.78
(-6.33)
ro
24.6
(0.07) (a)
Bulk Carrier
2310
(31.7)
514
(290)
0.97
Ore Carrier
1860
(4.06)
499
(59.l)
0.93
(39.9)
(586)
659
(269)
0.95
(-6.30)
1910
0.65
Tanker
0.99
2840
(3.47)
95
TABLE 5
Ship
CL
Container
Ro-
.(DWT)+E
ro
R2
-1440
(-5.07)
699
(50.8)
0.89
-618
(-2.57)
485
(18.2)
0.76
Bulk Carrier
0.95
361
(5.31)
172
(38.6)
0.84
Ore Carrier
2240
(9.28)
Tanker
-868
(-6.72)
0.98
General Cargo
-226
(-16.3)
0.94
Passenger
~~~
980
(2.24)
~~
- statistics
DWT measured
shown in brackets.
in 000 tonnes.
96
1040
(8.52)
0.65
TABLE 6
FOR MODEL
Container
7.75
(27 - 6 )
R2
-0.0538
(-3 -95)
0.04
no significant regression
Ro- ro
Bulk Carrier
10.6
(57.4)
-0.0558
(-12.4)
0.06
Ore Carrier
18.3
(50.2)
-0.0889
(-13.2)
0.39
Tanker
16.5
(98.5)
-0 - 0 4 7 4
(-37.0)
0.31
General Cargo
7 .l9
(94.8)
-0.106
(-11.7)
0.03
Passenger
t
no significant regression
DWT measured in
'000 tonnes.
97
TABLE 7 .l
HORSEPOWER
FOR MODEL,
HP
= C(.
( D W T ).E~
Ship Type
C(
Container
Ro-
759
(95.7)
ro
R2
1 .l6
(45.0)
0.86
1640 0.51
(43.9)
0.905
(10.6)
0.66
0.579
(68.9)
830 0.66
(63.6)
0.701
(23.3)
Tanker
0.84
0.561
(124)
General Cargo
0.83
0.836
(144)
6260 0.45
(77.3)
0.638
(5.69)
Bulk Carrier
Ore Carrier
Passenger
DWT
1 hp
0.746 kW
98
0.96
TABLE 7.2
Ship
Container
2.66
0.526
1.52
(29.4)(20.7)(1.97)
Ro-
0.422
ro
1.46
(0.73) (b)
0.83
(6.86)
R2
2.80
(13.9)
0.71
1.43
0.521
38.9
Bulk Carrier
(20.7) (63.3) (20.6)
Carrier
0.72
Ore
0.90
1.74
0.586
12.4
(7.43) (18.5) (4.39)
Tanker
2.10
0.504
Cargo
General
0.94
2.17
0.539
Passenger
6.70
(14.3)
(131)
(41.7)
5.49
(29.7)
(115)
(90.7)
0.289
0.230
(6.96) (2.43)
(-0.86) (c)
3.55
0.76
DWT
1 hp
0.746 kW.
99
TABLE 8
Ship
Container
Ro- ro
(7.24)
R2
14.3
(48.4)
0.321
(24.4)
0.70
14.4
(31.0)
0.373
0.33
Bulk Carrier
14.4
(441)
0.00989
(12.4)
0.06
Ore Carrier
13.5
(123)
0.0140
(6.95)
0.15
0.00172
(8.07)
0.02
Tanker
General Cargo
Passenger
16.4
(34.0)
DWT measured in
'000 tonnes.
100
0.314
(48.3)
0.36
0.555
(4.13)
0.30
TABLE 9
Ship
CL+^
CL
Container
-79.1
(-4 .OO)
.(DWT)+E
25474/80---8
R2
55.7
(59.3)
0.92
DWT measured
in '000 tonnes.
101
ANNEX A
MAIN CONTENTS OF LLOYD'S REGISTER OF SHIPPING
CARD TYPE
MAIN CONTENTS
TO 0
Lloyd' s Register
number
Ship's name
TO1
Call sign
Official number
Navigational aids
TO3
T04
Owner
TO 5
Manager
TO 6
F1ag
Port
TO8
Gross tons
Net tons
Deadweight
T10
T11
LR classification
hull
symbols
of ship (LR)
Classification
T12
notation
T13
Machinery
classification
(LR)
102
T20
Date of build
Shipbuilder and place of build
Yard number
T21
Dimension of hull
Length overall
Extreme breadth
Draught
Registered length
Length between perpendiculars
Moulded breadth
Moulded depth
T22
Superstructures
T23
Number of decks
Type of decks
T24
T25
Information on keel
T26
Cargo battens
Bulkheads
Water ballast
T27
Type of alterations
Date of alterations
T29
Conversions
103
T3 0
T31
T33
T36
Grain capacity
Bale capacity
Insulated capacity
Liquid capacity
Heating coils
T37
T38
T39
T40
Number of winches
Number of cranes
Safe working load
T41
Number of derricks
Safe working load
104
T42
NB:
T50
T5 1
T5 2
T53
T54
T55
T56
T5 8
Cylinder layout
Number o f cylinders with bore and stroke
dimensions
T59
T60
in imperial
units)
Type of reciprocating engine
Number of engines
Bore and stroke
Position
T6 1
T6 2
T6 3
T70
Steam turbines
Number of steam turbines
Information on gearing and coupling
T71
106
T75
Turbo-electric engines
Number of steam turbines
Total shaft horsepower
Kilowatt, volts of generators
Shaft horsepower of motors
Type of steam
T76
Information on gearing
T77
T80
Gas turbine
Total shaft horsepower
T85
Engine dates
Year when engine was made, fitted, refitted or
added
T86
Fuel bunkers
Capacity and type of fuel bunkers
T87
T89
T90
T95
Auxiliary generators
Number of generators
Kilowatt, volts of generators
Alternating/direct current
Frequency in Hz
107
T9 6
T99
108
ANNEX B
DATA PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS
It also determines
25474180-9
109
110
The first model simply determines the straight line of best fit
for the data, where a is the intercept on the dependent variable
axis and 8 is the slope of the line. There
is an unpredictable
randomness in all data whichis described by the stochastic error
term, E .
This term accounts for error from two sources. The
first is the fact that when framing a regression model one does
not claim to have included all the variables which influence
the relationship and so there will be specification error in
the equation. The second
source of error is
or recording of the data.
in the measurement
E,
used to
where
S (yneW) =JMSE (1 X' ( x ~ x ) - ~Ix )
A
Y is the regression estimate of Ynew
112
.92
ANNEX C
ALTERNATIVE MODELS:
REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS AND STATISTICS
TABLE C.l
LENGTH
Ship
a+@
.( D W T )+y .(DWT)2 + ~
B
CL
R2
-0.0709
Container 7.65
77.2
(-13.1)
(30.7)(31.7)
Ro-0.314
ro
Bulk Carrier
Carrier Ore
Tanker
(135)
Cargo
General
(-42.0)
(105)
-2.19
Passenger 32.7
DWT
0.81
13.6
62.0
(-4.40)(8.95) (9.44)
119 0.92
-0.00941
23.6
(203) (-46.5) (93.3)
127
(102)
2.07
(42.0)
0.96
-0.00688
(-21.5)
153
(337)
1.20
0.96 -0.00179
(-64.6)
59.5
(145)
8.88
75.7
(-4
.17)
(12.0)
(7
0.84 -0.153
-75)
113
TABLE C.2
BREADTH
Ship
a + B.(DWT)
+ Y.(DWT) 2+ E
R2
Container
12.2
(53.3)
0.952
(40.6)
-0.0110
(-21.5)
0.94
Ro- ro
13.5
(13.0)
1.07
(4.41)
-0.0151
(-1.33)
0.64
0.313
(86.9)
-0.000965
(-33.5)
0.93
0.349
(51.9)
-0.00109
(-24.9)
0.98
-0.000270
(-56.5)
0.96
-0.0178
(-43.5)
0.87
-0.243
(-4.63)
0.77
Carrier
Bulk
Carrier
Ore
16.3
(196)
15.7
(92.7)
Tanker
General
Cargo
Passenger
- statistics
DWT measured
10.0
(217)
3.66
(7.05)
11.7
(16.3)
shown in brackets.
in '000 tonnes.
114
TABLE C .3
DRAUGHT
Ship Type
e+$
.(DWT)+y .( D W )2+
B
R2
Container
4.73
(42.8)
0.334
(29.5)
-0.00372
(-15.1)
0.89
Ro-ro
4.42
(22.5)
0.423
(9.29)
-0,00844
(-3.95)
0.85
-0.000303
(-29.3)
0.93
-0.000141
(-8.49)
0.97
-0.0000842
(-63.1)
0.98
Bulk Carrier
Carrier
Ore
7.50
(250)
0 .l09
(84.2)
7.56
(117)
0.0849
(33.1)
Tanker
8.35
(382)
General
Cargo
3.62
(161)
Passenger
~
DWT
0-552
(119)
4.15
(6.87)
~~
~~
~~
0.953
(2.19)
~
115
-0.00974
0.87
(-48.7)
-0.0512
(-1.16)
0.32
T A B L E C.4
GRT
Ship
a. (DWT)B .E
Container
Ro- ro
588
(159)
668
(59.4)
Bulk Carrier
844 0.97
(597)
Ore Carrier
833
(110)
Tanker
R2
1 .l7
(78.5)
0.95
1.06
(19.1)
0.77
0.898
(273)
0.886
(50.8)
0.90
855
(1320)
0.99
General Cargo
504
(793)
0.94
Passenger
3900 0.64
(88.7)
DWT measured
in '000 tonnes.
116
0.766
(8.28)
TABLE C.5
NRT
Ship
a. (DWT)B .E
R2
Container
332
(70.5)
1 .l8
(38.7)
0.82
Ro-ro
235
(45-0)
1.22
(19.9)
0.79
Bulk Carrier
359
(83.2)
1.01
(48-9)
0.49
Ore Carrier
486 0.61
(46.5)
0.796
(21.0)
1490 0.46
(45.7)
0.914
(5.76)
Tanker
General Cargo
Passenger
DWT
117
T A B L E C.6
AGE
Ship
a + ~ .( D W T ) - ~ + E
c(
Container
no significant regression
Ro-ro
no significant regression
5.74
(24.8)
R2
0.07
(13.8)
Ore Carrier
9.69
(17.7)
126
(10.3)
0.28
Tanker
6.80
(35.5)
205
(35.7)
0.30
General Cargo
6.01
(105)
no significant regression
Passenger
t
DWT measured in
1 .l9
(15.9)
'000 tonnes.
0.06
TABLE C.7
HORSEPOWER
Ship
u+p
.(DWT)+E
B
Container
0.66
.6840
(-4.77)
1800
(25.9)
Ro-
1010
0.55
(0.95)
1340
(11.4)
ro
R2
Bulk Carrier
5740
(61.3)
161
(70.6)
0.67
Ore Carrier
3650
(10.l)
180
(27.l)
0.73
Tanker
9610
(69.2)
98.5
(92.8)
0.74
General Cargo
0.52
1090
(15.1)
571
(66.6)
Passenger
0.415140
(3.02)
2480
(5.22)
DWT measured
1 hp
in '000 tonnes.
0.746 kW.
119
TABLE C.8
SPEED
a. (DWT)6 .E
Container
Ro-
ro
Bulk Carrier
Ore Carrier
R2
0.237
(28.9)
0.71
0.173
(7.06)
0.32
0.0404
(17.8)
0.11
0.0662
(9.35)
0.24
Tanker
0.0269
(20.6)
0 .l2
General Cargo
0 .l37
(62.6)
0.49
0.115
(4.80)
0.37
Passenger
- statistics
DWT
shown in brackets.
TABLE C.9
CONTAINER CAPACITY
a.
(DWT)6
43.8
(80.7)
(60.3)
Ship
Container
1.04
DWT
.E
120
R2
FIGURES 4-67
'*I
'2'
'9'
121