EF 152 Physics for Engineers

Fall, 2011
nd

Recitation 3.5 2

Law of Thermodynamics; Review

Task 1: Discuss how an air conditioner works. Inspect the open

A/C unit on the cart in the room.
YouTube video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MiQCBIx1mM
Task 2: Demonstration Engines
Internal Combustion (Otto) Engine
Diesel Engine
Steam Engine
Stirling Engine
Task 3: Review Questions
1. A rod, with sides insulated to prevent heat loss, has one
end immersed in boiling water and the other end in a
water-ice mixture. The rod has a uniform cross-sectional
area of 4.36 cm2 and a length of 82 cm. The heat
conducted by the rod melts the ice at a rate of 1 gram
every 22 seconds. What is the thermal conductivity of the
rod?
[ 284 W/(mC)]
2. How many grams of ice at -23C must be added to 176 grams of water that is initially at a temperature of
69C to produce water at a final temperature of 8C? Assume that no heat is lost to the surroundings and
that the container has negligible mass.
[ 108g ]
3. A closed, 7.10-L tank contains argon at 33C and absolute pressure of 9.0x105 Pa, How much energy is
required to raise the temperature of the argon gas to 62C? Assume that argon is an ideal monatomic
gas.
[ 908 J ]
4. If a certain sample of an ideal gas has a temperature of 145C and exerts a pressure of 8.7x104 Pa on the
walls of its container, how many gas molecules are present in each cubic cm of volume?
[ 1.5x1019 ]
5. One mole of helium is in contact with a thermal reservoir at 350K and is under 10 atm of pressure. The
pressure is slowly increased to 25 atm. (a) What are the initial and final volumes of the gas? (b) How
much work is done by the gas? (c) What is the change in internal energy of the gas? (d) What is the heat
flow into the gas?
[ Vi=0.00287m3; Vf = 0.00115m3; W=-2661J; U=0; Q=-2661J ]
6. In an engine where the process is modeled by an Otto cycle, the working fluid is an ideal monatomic gas,
with =1.7, At the beginning of the adiabatic power stroke, the temperature of the hot gas is 260C and at
the end of the power stroke (just before the exhaust stroke), the temperature of the cooler gas is 27C.
What is the compression ratio of this engine?
[ 2.3 ]
7. A Carnot heat engine operates between reservoirs at TH = 1650 K and TC = 150K. In each cycle, 490 J of
heat energy is rejected to the low temperature reservoir. In each cycle, how much mechanical work W is
performed by the engine?
[ 4900 J ]
8.

A Carnot refrigerator takes heat from water at 0C and rejects heat to a room at 12C Suppose that 92
grams of water at 0C are converted to ice at 0C by the refrigerator. Calculate the mechanical energy
that must be supplied to the refrigerator.
[ 1350 J ]

EF 152 Exam #3, Spring, 2010

Name:

Page 1 of 6

Section: ________

Guidelines:
Assume 3 significant figures for all given numbers .
Show all of your work no work, no credit
Write your final answer in the box provided - include units for all answers..
If you finish with less than 5 minutes remaining, remain seated until the end of the exam and
all exams are collected.
Thermal Expansion
Linear

Work of Thermal Systems

Linear, Stresses
Isobaric (constant pressure)
Volumetric

Heat
Q heat
c specific heat
thermal conductivity
R thermal resistance
Heat Capacity

Ideal Gas Law

Isochoric (constant volume)

Thermal Conductivity

R = 8.314 J/(mol-K)
23
Avogadros Number: 6.02x10

Isothermal (constant temp)

Thermal Resistance

Standard Pressure and Temp

273K 1.00 atm (101.3kPa)

Thermal Resistance, Series

st

1 Law of Thermodynamics
U internal energy
W work done by thermal
system
Q heat flow into thermal
system

Molecular Thermal Physics

m mass of a molecule
M molecular mass
n number of moles
N number of molecules
k Boltzmann constant =
-23
1.38065 10 J/ K

Adiabatic (Q = 0)

Efficiency
General

Otto Cycle
r compression ratio

Thermal Resistance, Parallel

Refrigerators
General
K coefficient of performance
H heat current
P power input

Carnot Cycle
Carnot
Entropy

Ideal Gas
Conversions
1 cal = 4.186 J
3
1 L = 1000 cm
3
1 m = 1000 L

Water Properties
c = 1 cal/(g-C) = 4.186J/(g-C)
Lf = 79.6 cal/g
Lv = 540 cal/g
3
= 1 g/cm = 1 kg/L
3
3
= 1000 kg/m = 62.4 lb/ft
Lf = Latent heat of fusion
Lv = Latent heat of vaporization
Standard Pressure and Temp
273K 1.00 atm (101.3kPa)