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CSEC MATHEMATICS
Past Paper Solution May 2009
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** Please see the original past paper for the questions.

Only the answers will be provided as per copyright obligations.
**********************************************************

Q2.a
If we re-arrange the equation before simplyfying :

2ax 2bx 3ay 3by = 2x a b 3y a b

= (2x+3y)(a b)

Q1a. Jun 2009

**********************************************************

step 1. simplifying the numerator :

2
1 8 6
58
2 1 =
=
3
5 3 5
15

(LCM = 15)

= 5 x2 4

now

5x 20

and

5 x 2

5 x 2 x 2

**********************************************************

(iii) now a = 3, b = 4 and c = -15

step 2. Simplifying the denominator:

to factorise we must find p & q such that pq = ac

and p+q =b

2 32
6 =
5 5

step 3. Divide Numerator by denominator:

58 32

15 5
58 5

=
15 32

that is: p + q = 4

...

eqn1

and

..eqn2

we can see that p = 9 and q = -4 will satisfy the above

equations:

29
48

Alternatively
The LCM of 3, 5 = 15
so we multiply the numerator and the denominator by 15
giving:

4018
96

2b.

1 biscuit + 2 cone = $8
3 biscuit + 1 cone = $9

x + 2y = 8 ...1
3x + y = 9 ....2

Solving the simultaneous equations gives:

Multiply equation 2 by 2 :

29
58
=
48
96

3x x 3 5 x 3

**********************************************************

now
and

2
1
1 15
3
5
2
6 15
5

2
3x 9x 5x 15 =

3x 5 x3

pq = -45

x + 2y = 8
6x + 2y = 18

...1
....2

subtracting 1 from 2

**********************************************************

b)
so:

0.0256= 0.15

0.15
2
5

and 25 =
0.15
5

so:

= 0.03 =

5x = 10
x = 2, and y = 3

3 10

********************************************************

**********************************************************

1.b
Hourly rate =

basic wage
basic hours

$ 560
40

= $14/hr

Overtime rate = (1.5) x basic rate = 1.5 x 14 = $21/hr

so wage for 10 hrs overrtime = 10 x 21 = $210
now 55 hrs = 40hrs ( basic) + 15 hrs (overtime)

total wage = 40 1415 21 = $875

**********************************************************

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Now: we note that f x can be constructed by:

forward steps: Multiply x by 2, then subtract 5
giving f x= 2 x 5

Q3
U=50
Phone = 23

Camera =18

x=9

23 - x

To find the inverse using the reversing method:

Reverse steps: Add 5, and then devide by 2

18 - x

N = 2x = 18

x 5
2
3 5 = 4
1
f 3=
2
f

x=

**************************************************************
5b.

The total Students = 50

so: (23-x) + x + (18-x) + 2x = 50

x=9

x
y

-4
5

-3
0

-2
-3

-1
-4

0
-3

1
0

2
5

where x = # students with both phone and camera

*********************************************************

Q4.
From Table: Distance travelled = 1083-957 = 126 km
Time = 9.07-8:55 = 12 min = (12/60) h

126
12 / 60

Speed =

= 630 km/h

b)
For a scale of 1:50,000
Distance LM measures 7cm = 7 x 50,000 = 350,000 cm
= 3.5 Km
If actual distance between two points = 4.5 km.
Then let number of cm be x:

x
4.5

x=

7
3.5

=
7

4.5
= 9cm
3.5

**************************************************************

Q5.

Given

f x and

g x

as shown on the past paper

then

f 2 = 22 5= 9

also:

gf x

so:

gf x =
gf 1 =

f(x) into g(x)

2

2x 5 31

2
21 5 31 = 9 - 31 = - 22

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Question 6 Transformation

Question -7 Statistics

From the diagram (see the past paper)

Waiting time

Object A undergoes a transformation represented by a

x
translation vector T. T =
y

resulting in image D

T : A 2,1 D 5,5

where:

Using column vectors:

T=

5
5

2
1

3
4

************************************************

1-5
6 - 10
11 - 15
16 - 20
21 - 25
26 - 30
31 - 35
36 - 40

# Students
(f)
4
7
11
18
22
10
5
3

upper clas
Boundary
<5.5
<10.5
<15.5
<20.5
<25.5
<30.5
<35.5
<40.5

Cumulative
Frequency
4
11
22
40
62
72
77
80

Graph

From the diagram: A 2,1 B 1, 2

now recall that :

R0,90 : x , y y , , x

The image B has been transformed by a clockwise

rotation of 900 about the origin.

************************************************

B'( 1, 5 )

C'(3, 5 )
Image
C( 5, 3 )

A'( 1,2)

object
A( 2, 1 )

B( 5, 1 )

Object A is reflected in the line y=x to produce and image C

M y= x : x , y y , x
i.e The co-ordinates of the object and image a re interchanged

A B C
2 5 5
1 1 3

A' B ' C '

1 1 3
2 5 5

1. The median is found a t the 1/ 280 th = 40th ranked

student : = 20.5 minutes as read from graph.
# students waiting no more than ( <=) 29 minutes = 70

Probability( <=17) =
This can also be written as:
M y= x : 2,1 1,2
M y= x : 5,1 1,5

# students who waited (< = 17)

Total students

as seen from graph, # students who waited no more than 17

minutes = 26
26

Probability( <=17) =
80

M y= x : 5,3 3,5
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The minimum value of the function occurs when

i.e when x = 0.75

Section 2
Question 9.
To solve the equations simultaneously, we first equate the
linear and quadratic equations and then solve:
=

4 2x

The minimum value of the function

i.e f min ( x) = 0.125
so:

2x 3x 1

x=h

f min ( x)= k

Coordinates of the minimum point ( 0.75, - 0,125)

By collecting like terms and simplifying:

d) and e)

4 = 2x 2 x1
2
2x x3=0

(a = 2, b = - 1 and c = - 3)

The roots of this function are found when

2
2 x0.75 0.125 = 0

To solve the above, we must find two numbers p & q such that:

pq = ac and p+q = b
i.e

pq = -6;

2
2x x3=0 =

2x 2x 3x 3=0

2x x1 3 x 1=0

2x 3 x 1 = 0

either

x 0.75 =

0.125
2

x = 0.75

x = 0.75 0.25

and p+q = - 1

the values are ( p = -3, and q = 2)

so

x= 1.5 , or

0.125
2

x = 0.5 or x =1

x=1

*********************************************
b) If
The

2
ax +bx+c is expressed in the form: a x h k

h=

b
2a

4ac b
and k =

4a

so if :

a =2 ,

b=3

then

3
h=
2 2

and

k=

and

c=1

0.75
2

421 (3 )
42

2
a x h k =

0.125
2

2 ( x0.75) 0.125

-1

0.5

1.5

min (0.75 , - 0.125)

Alternatively: the same result can be obtained by completing

the square: viz
Note that the quadratic equation can be re-written as:
2

2 x 1.5x1

completing the square, we get :

2

2 { x 0.75 0.75 }1
2

2 x0.75 20.75 1

2 x0.75 0.125

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Question 10 Linear programming

x guitars and y violin
y <= x
y >=5

1.
2.

(# violin <= # guitar)

(# violin >=5)

Guitars cost $150, and violin cost $300 so:

3.

15

150x + 300y <= 4,500

300y <= 4500 150 x
y <= 15 0.5 x

( money available to spend)

violin

10

( 10,10)

(Max profit ) = $1,700

2
5

(20, 5 )

( 5, 5)

10

15

20

25

30
Guitar

Max. Profit occurs at one of the three Vertices.

Profit on guitar = $60 and profit on violin = $100
Profit Equation =
1. Vertex (5, 5)
2. Vertex (10, 10)
3. Vertex (20, 5)

60x100y

Profit = 5x $60 + 5 x $100 = $800

Profit = 10x 60 + 10 x 100 = $1,600
Profit = 20x $60 + 5 x $100 = $1,700

so maximum profit = $1,700

Total cost of guitars and violin :
= 20 x $150 + 5 x $300 = $4,500
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Question 11: - Geometry & Trig

Considering Triangle AOC

****************************************

Circle theorem problems can be done in less than 5 minutes if

you follow a simple set of rules.
Please refer to the diagram shown on the Jun 09 past paper
for the question. A series of diagrams will be drawn here to
illustrate the solution steps and the applicable theorems.
B

Sum of angles in a triangle = 1800

OAC + OCA = 180 96 = 84

OAC = OCA = (84) = 42 0
(v)
Considering Triangle ABC
If

48

BCO = 26

(iv)
(vi)
48

ACB
BAC
OAB

= 42 26= 680
= 180 68 48= 640
= 64 42= 220

*************************************************************
B
D

48

A
E

This is a one tangent problem, so look for an opportunity to

apply the theorem which say:

64
26

(i)

ACE

ABC =

48

42

The angle between the tangent and the chord is equal to

the angle in the alternate segment

48

*************************************************************

Considering straight line DE: sum of angles =

BCD = 18048 42 26= 640
(iii)

48

180

*************************************************************

O
96

26
C

42
22

42
A

Angle at centre = twice angle at circumference

(ii)

AOC

2 ABC =

96

Note that triangle AOC is isosceles, so base angles are equal

OAC = OCA
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Q13.a

Q11. b
N

Please refer to the Past Paper to see the original question:

A(- 2, 5)

700 km

AB

80
P

100

OA

25
S

OB

400 km

35.6

25

AB

Finding
O

Please refer to the Jun 09 Past paper to see the original

question.

PQ

The bearing
direction:
0

=80
PQ

If

is measured from N in a clockwise

then

SPQ =180 80= 100

OPQ=100 25=125

Considering Triangle OPQ, we know two sides and the

included angle so we apply the cosine rule:

The vector A B is the vector going from A to B. To get

from A to B, we first go from A to O , and then O to B.
+O
so: A B = A O
B

( cos 125 = - 0.57358)

Now if:

AG

1
AB
3

then :

1
1 6

AB =
AG =
3
3 3

Finding

Bearing Q when measured from O

=

25 35.6

60.6

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O
B =

4
2

2
5

( )

4
2

6
3

2
1

OG

AG

OA

POQ is found using the sine rule

Let POQ =
700
985.5

=
sin sin 125

2
5

Bearing Q when measured from O

= Bearing OP + POQ

and
( ) + = ( )

AB

A(- 2, 5)

Finding Bearing Q from O

reverse the vector

so:

700
sin 125 = 0.5814
sin =
985.5

= POQ = sin 1 0.5184 =

= O A

where we are given: O

A =

p =700 400 2 700 400cos 125

p = 985.4 km

AO

Note that

Finding distance OP:

B( 4, 2)

985.5 km

OG

B( 4, 2)

OB

Consider triangle OGA.

To get from O to G, first go from O to A and then A to G.
0

35.6

i.e

OG

so

OG

O A

AG

+ =
2
5

2
1

0
4

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Q13.b

Now to go from D to C, first go from D to A, then A to C

Finding A B

so:

= D

DC
A+ A C

where

D A = a

so

DC

=a+

3a

=a +

To get from A to B : first go from A to O and then O to B

+O
i.e
A
B = AO
B
O A

where we are given

= 3a,

now

AO

O
A =

so

AB

3a +b

b3a

and

1
b
2

1
1
b a
2
2

1
( ba )
2

3
a
2

DX
A

O
B =b

3a

D
C
2a

AC

Finding

Finding

1
( b 3a )
2

To find
i.e

, first go from D to O, then from O to X

DX
+ OX
= DO

DX

where:
and

DO

OX

=
= O D
= 2b

so

DX

2a+2b

2 (ba )

2a

(ii) two geometric relationships between DX and DC are

now: C is mid point AB
1
(A
B)
2

=
AC

so

1.
2.

1
( b 3a )
2

(iii)

DX = 4 DC
DX and DC parallel

Points D, C and X are on a straight line ( collinear)

DC

Finding

Note:
To Master Vectors and Matrices at the CSEC level;
download the Vectors and Matrices workbook for CSEC
students at www.cxcDirect.org .

A
a

D
C
2a

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The workbook contains mock CSEC Vectors and Matrices

exam practice questions with recommendations and
suggestions for answering the questions.
9

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*************************************************************

Q14. A
The determinant of matrix m = ad bc ( general eqn)
Det M = x 2 3 4 = 13

x= 25= 5

A single Matrix for S followed by R is:

(S first then R = [R][S])

R
S
1 0
0 1
0 1 1 0

)(

0 1
1
0

Under the combined transformation ( 5, -2) becomes

)( )

0 1
5
1
0 2

( )
2
5

*************************************************************

Q14. b

3 1
2
5

1
17

1
152

5 1
2 3

5 1
2 3

(ii)
The matrix form of the equation is :

=
=

3 1
2
5

1
17

x
y

5 1 5
2 3 9

1
17

( 25+9) = x

1
17

(-10+27) = y

so:

5
9

x
y

x = 2, and y = 1

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