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A
Methyl Alcohol
Ethyl Alcohol
System Pressure
Antoine Constants
B
8.1
1,582.3
8.1
1,592.9
760 mm Hg
Err:502
X
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
Y
0.00
0.16
0.30
0.42
0.53
0.63
0.72
0.80
0.88
0.94
1.00
Temp, deg C
78.298191854
76.62501972
75.030439013
73.509200873
72.056463845
70.667734183
69.338764978
68.065743233
66.845061452
65.673400907
64.547732539
C
239.7
226.2
Problem Statement:
Construct a table of vapor-liquid equilibrium values
for a system of methanol-ethanol at 1 atmosphere
pressure, assuming ideal behavior.
VP, mm Hg
Methyl
Ethyl
Alcohol
Alcohol
1,275.42
760.00
1,200.44
711.06
1,132.40
666.90
1,070.50
626.93
1,014.03
590.65
962.38
557.63
915.01
527.49
871.47
499.91
831.35
474.62
794.29
451.36
760.00
429.92
Partial Pressure
Methyl
Ethyl
Alcohol
Alcohol Difference
0.00
760.00
(0.00)
120.04
639.96
(0.00)
226.48
533.52
(0.00)
321.15
438.85
(0.00)
405.61
354.39
0.00
481.19
278.81
0.00
549.00
211.00
(0.00)
610.03
149.97
(0.00)
665.08
94.92
(0.00)
714.86
45.14
(0.00)
760.00
0.00
(0.00)
Antoine Constants
A
Ethyl Alcohol
Water
8.1
8.0
B
1,592.9
1,701.8
Err:502
X
0.00
0.03
0.06
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
Solution Model
None
Margules
van Laar
Problem Statement:
Construct a table of vapor-liquid equilibrium values fo
system of ethanol-water at 1 atmosphere pressure, us
Activity coefficients from the Margules model.
C
226.2
231.5
VP, mm Hg
Y
Temp, deg C
Ethyl Alcohol
0.00
100.09
1,699.09
0.23
93.65
1,355.04
0.35
89.78
1,177.22
0.44
86.60
1,046.49
0.51
84.30
959.27
0.54
82.94
910.83
0.59
81.49
861.00
0.62
80.65
833.48
0.65
79.99
812.34
0.69
79.41
794.18
0.75
78.94
779.45
0.82
78.60
769.13
0.91
78.40
763.19
1.00
78.30
760.00
Margules
Water
760.00
601.42
520.02
460.47
420.88
398.94
376.42
364.01
354.48
346.30
339.67
335.03
332.36
330.93
VLE Ethanol-Water
1
2
3
4.964
4.314
3.781
3.212
2.671
2.268
1.729
1.411
1.220
1.107
1.043
1.012
1.001
1.000
1.000
1.002
1.008
1.023
1.050
1.087
1.189
1.326
1.493
1.680
1.872
2.045
2.170
2.214
Reference Line
Y
0
0.056
0.091
0.189
0.286
0.323
0.331
0.419
0.512
0.62
0.704
0.715
0.798
0.843
0.847
0.849
0.884
0.908
0.922
0
0.366
0.448
0.539
0.582
0.6
0.605
0.627
0.666
0.712
0.759
0.764
0.818
0.851
0.854
0.856
0.886
0.907
0.92
Y
0
1
0
1
Source:
Kurihara, K., Nakamichi, M., Kojima, K., "Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Methanol + Ethanol +
Margules Parameters
A12
A21
ent:
of vapor-liquid equilibrium values for a
-water at 1 atmosphere pressure, using
s from the Margules model.
1.6022
0.7947
Margules Model
0.9227
Partial Pressure
Ethyl
Alcohol
0.00
175.38
267.09
336.16
384.38
413.06
446.66
470.39
495.44
527.32
569.28
622.98
687.89
760.00
Water Difference
760.00
(0.00)
584.62
(0.00)
492.91
(0.00)
423.84
0.00
375.62
0.00
346.94
0.00
313.34
0.00
289.61
0.00
264.56
(0.00)
232.68
(0.00)
190.72
(0.00)
137.02
(0.00)
72.11
(0.00)
0.00
0.00
(0.00)
4.964
4.314
3.781
3.212
2.671
2.268
1.729
1.411
1.220
1.107
1.043
1.012
1.001
1.000
1.000
1.002
1.008
1.023
1.050
1.087
1.189
1.326
1.493
1.680
1.872
2.045
2.170
2.214
5.364
4.506
3.851
3.197
2.618
2.211
1.699
1.409
1.235
1.128
1.063
1.025
1.006
1.000
1.000
1.003
1.010
1.026
1.056
1.094
1.194
1.320
1.469
1.639
1.830
2.041
2.270
2.516
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Ref erence Line
Predicted
0.5
Experimental
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
M ole Fraction, Liquid Phas e
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
M ole Fraction, Liquid Phas e
0.7
0.8
0.9
por-Liquid Equilibria for Methanol + Ethanol + Water and the Three Constituent Binary Systems," J. Chem Eng. Data 1993, Vol 38, p 446-449.
A
Methyl Alcohol
Ethyl Alcohol
Antoine Constants
B
8.1
1,582.3
8.1
1,592.9
Molar Composition
Methyl Alcohol
Ethyl Alcohol
Bottoms
Feed
0.40
0.60
Err:502
X
0.40
Y
Temp, deg C
0.53
72.06
C
239.7
226.2
Distillate
0.98
0.02
VP, mm Hg
Methyl
Ethyl
Alcohol
Alcohol
1,014.03
590.65
Answer
Problem Statement:
Estimate the minimum reflux ratio for a binary fee
consisting of 40 mole% methanol and 60 mole%
ethanol at its bubble point. The desired distillate
composition is 98 mole % methanol.
Partial Pressure
Methyl
Ethyl
Alcohol
Alcohol Difference
405.61
354.39
0.00
ent:
mum reflux ratio for a binary feed
mole% methanol and 60 mole%
ble point. The desired distillate
mole % methanol.
A
n-hexane
n-heptane
n-octane
Antoine Constants
B
6.8
1,112.6
6.8
1,224.4
6.9
1,317.0
System Pressure
Temperature
Molar Composition
n-hexane
n-heptane
n-octane
C
218.0
212.9
205.5
760 mm Hg
102 deg C
Feed
0.10
0.50
0.40
VP, mm Hg
1,915.450
837.854
373.820
Difference
Feed Condition, q
Theta
Molar Composition
n-hexane
n-heptane
n-octane
Problem Statement:
Estimate the minimum reflux ratio for the tertiary
system n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, with the
feed at the bubble point and molar composition
0.1, 0.5, 0.4 respectively. 95% of the n-heptane
should be contained in the distillate and 99% of
the n-octane in the bottoms.
PP
191.545
418.927
149.528
760.000
0.000
5.12
2.24
1.00
xi i / (i - )
5.12
0.13
2.24
1.19
1.00
(1.33)
0.00
Difference
(0.00)
Distillate
0.173
0.820
0.007
xiD i / (i - )
0.23
1.96
(0.02)
2.17 = Rm + 1
Feed
0.10
0.50
0.40
Light Key
Heavy Key
x
x
Recovery of
Keys
95%
99%
Bottoms
0.00
2.50
39.60
42.10
Distillate
10.00
47.50
0.40
57.90
t:
m reflux ratio for the tertiary
heptane, n-octane, with the
oint and molar composition
vely. 95% of the n-heptane
in the distillate and 99% of
bottoms.
Answer
Mole Fraction
Bottoms Distillate
0.00
0.173
0.06
0.820
0.94
0.007
Feed
100 moles
A
Methyl Alcohol
Ethyl Alcohol
Molar Composition
Methyl Alcohol
Ethyl Alcohol
System Pressure
Antoine Constants
B
8.1
1,582.3
8.1
1,592.9
Bottoms
C
239.7
226.2
Feed
0.40
0.60
Distillate Bottoms
0.98
0.01
0.02
0.99
Problem Statement:
Find the number of stages for a me
column, with 40 mole% methanol in
mole% methanol in the distillate, an
the bottoms, given a reflux ratio of 5
760
Err:502
VP, mm Hg
Y
Temp, deg C
0.02
78.13
0.53
72.06
0.99
64.77
0.01
0.40
0.98
Methanol
1,267.58
1,014.03
766.65
Ethanol
Methanol
754.87
12.68
590.65
405.61
434.07
751.32
Nm
14.64
Molkanov Equation
Y = 1 exp[(1 + 54.4X)(X 1) / ((11 + 117.2X)(X0.5)]
Y = (N Nmin) / (N + 1)
X = (R Rmin) / (R + 1)
For R =
X=
5.0
0.25
N=
Y=
26.09
0.42
RHS =
Difference
0.42
(0.00)
Partial Pressure
Answer
Ethanol Difference
747.32
(0.00)
354.39
0.00
8.68
(0.00)
0.00
em Statement:
he number of stages for a methanol-ethanol
n, with 40 mole% methanol in the feed, 98
% methanol in the distillate, an 1% methanol in
ttoms, given a reflux ratio of 5.0
i
1.679
1.717
1.766
Antoine Constants
A
Ethyl Alcohol
Water
8.1
8.0
B
1,592.9
1,701.8
Err:502
X
Problem Statement:
Construct a McCabe-Thiele Diagram for a system
water at 1 atmosphere pressure, using Activity coe
from the Margules model.
C
226.2
231.5
VP, mm Hg
Y
0.00
0.03
0.06
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.28
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0.00
0.23
0.35
0.44
0.51
0.54
0.58
0.62
0.65
0.69
0.75
0.82
0.91
1.00
Molar Composition
Ethyl Alcohol
Water
Bottoms
0.02
0.98
Reflux Ratio
Feed, q
Water
760.00
601.42
520.02
460.47
420.88
398.94
380.04
364.01
354.48
346.30
339.67
335.03
332.36
330.93
Feed
0.40
0.60
Margules
1
4.964
4.314
3.781
3.212
2.671
2.268
1.824
1.411
1.220
1.107
1.043
1.012
1.001
1.000
2
1.000
1.002
1.008
1.023
1.050
1.087
1.164
1.326
1.493
1.680
1.872
2.045
2.170
2.214
Distillate
0.88
0.12
6
0.999
Reference Line
Slope
Intercept
X
0.00
1.00
Stripping
1.00 Slope
0.00 Intercept
Y
X
0.00
0.02
1.00
0.40
Feed
Rectification
1.18 Slope
999.00 Slope
(0.00) Intercept
(399.20) Intercept
Y
X
Y
X
0.02
0.40
0.40
0.88
0.47
0.40
0.47
0.40
Step Data
Y
0.02
0.02
0.15
0.15
0.44
0.44
M cCabe-Thiele Diagram
0.02
0.17
0.17
0.50
0.50
0.63
1.00
0.90
0.80
n, Vapor Phase
0.70
0.60
0.50
1.00
0.90
0.80
M ole Fraction, Vapor Phase
0.63
0.69
0.69
0.72
0.72
0.75
0.75
0.77
0.77
0.78
0.78
0.79
0.79
0.80
0.80
0.81
0.81
0.82
0.82
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.84
0.84
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.89
0.89
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.91
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
M ole Fraction, Liquid Phase
0.80
0.90
M cCabe-Thie le Diagram
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.59
0.59
0.66
0.66
0.70
0.70
0.73
0.73
0.75
0.75
0.76
0.76
0.78
0.78
0.79
0.79
0.80
0.80
0.81
0.81
0.82
0.82
0.83
0.83
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.89
0.89
0.90
0.90
0.91
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
Mole Fraction, Liquid Phase
0.70
0.80
0.9
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.95
0.95
0.97
0.97
0.98
0.98
1.00
1.00
1.02
1.02
1.04
1.04
1.07
1.07
1.09
1.09
1.12
1.12
1.15
1.15
1.18
1.18
0.94
0.95
0.95
0.97
0.97
0.98
0.98
1.00
1.00
1.02
1.02
1.04
1.04
1.06
1.06
1.09
1.09
1.11
1.11
1.14
1.14
1.16
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
Mole Fraction, Liquid Phase
0.70
0.80
0.9
ent:
be-Thiele Diagram for a system of ethanolhere pressure, using Activity coefficients
model.
Margules Parameters
A12
A21
1.6022
0.7947
Margules Model
0.9227
Partial Pressure
Ethyl
Alcohol
0.00
175.38
267.09
336.16
384.38
413.06
440.72
470.39
495.44
527.32
569.28
622.98
687.89
760.00
Water
Difference
760.00
(0.00)
584.62
(0.00)
492.91
(0.00)
423.84
0.00
375.62
0.00
346.94
0.00
319.28
(0.00)
289.61
0.00
264.56
(0.00)
232.68
(0.00)
190.72
(0.00)
137.02
(0.00)
72.11
(0.00)
0.00
0.00
(0.00)
1
4.964
4.314
3.781
3.212
2.671
2.268
1.824
1.411
1.220
1.107
1.043
1.012
1.001
1.000
2
1.000
1.002
1.008
1.023
1.050
1.087
1.164
1.326
1.493
1.680
1.872
2.045
2.170
2.214
1
5.364
4.506
3.851
3.197
2.618
2.211
1.787
1.409
1.235
1.128
1.063
1.025
1.006
1.000
2
1.000
1.003
1.010
1.026
1.056
1.094
1.170
1.320
1.469
1.639
1.830
2.041
2.270
2.516
e Diagram
0.86
0.13
Y
0.88
0.47
Step
Reboiler
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
X
0.02
0.15
0.44
0.59
0.66
0.70
0.73
0.75
0.76
0.78
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.82
0.83
Y
0.02
0.17
0.50
0.63
0.69
0.72
0.75
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.83
Segment 2 Origin
Murphree
Y
X
0.02
0.17
0.15
0.50
0.44
0.63
0.59
0.69
0.66
0.72
0.70
0.75
0.73
0.77
0.75
0.78
0.76
0.79
0.78
0.80
0.79
0.81
0.80
0.82
0.81
0.83
0.82
0.83
0.83
0.84
0.50
0.60
0.70
on, Liquid Phase
0.80
0.90
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
1.00
Thie le Diagram
0
0.60
Liquid Phase
Referenc e
Line
VLE Curve
Stri pping
Feed
Rec tific ation
T ray Steps
M urphree
VLE
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0.84
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.90
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.97
0.98
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.07
1.09
1.12
1.15
1.18
0.84
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.90
0.90
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.97
0.98
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.09
1.11
1.14
0.84
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.90
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.97
0.98
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.07
1.09
1.12
1.15
1.18
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.90
0.90
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.97
0.98
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.09
1.11
1.14
1.16
0
0.60
Liquid Phase
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
Solution Model
None
Margules
van Laar
VLE Y
0.17
0.50
0.63
0.69
0.72
0.75
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.83
0.84
1
2
3
Temp, deg
C
95.42
84.36
80.36
79.47
79.13
78.95
78.84
78.76
78.71
78.66
78.63
78.60
78.58
78.55
78.53
VP, mm Hg
Ethyl
Alcohol
Water
1,443.10
641.88
961.35
421.82
824.27
359.85
795.77
347.02
785.21
342.26
779.73
339.80
776.36
338.28
774.06
337.25
772.37
336.49
771.06
335.90
770.00
335.42
769.12
335.03
768.37
334.69
767.71
334.39
767.13
334.13
Margules
1
4.516
2.687
1.320
1.115
1.065
1.044
1.033
1.026
1.021
1.017
1.015
1.012
1.011
1.009
1.008
1.001
1.049
1.392
1.662
1.791
1.868
1.919
1.956
1.985
2.009
2.028
2.045
2.060
2.073
2.085
Partial Pressure
Ethyl
Alcohol
Water
130.35
629.65
383.19
376.81
480.25
279.75
523.92
236.08
550.11
209.89
568.23
191.77
581.89
178.11
592.81
167.19
601.91
158.09
609.75
150.25
616.70
143.30
623.00
137.00
628.82
131.18
634.29
125.71
639.51
120.49
Difference
(0.00)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.90
0.90
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.97
0.98
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.09
1.11
1.14
1.16
78.52
78.50
78.49
78.47
78.46
78.44
78.43
78.42
78.41
78.39
78.38
78.37
78.36
78.34
78.33
78.31
78.30
78.28
78.26
78.23
78.19
78.15
78.10
78.04
766.60
766.11
765.65
765.22
764.80
764.41
764.02
763.64
763.26
762.89
762.51
762.13
761.75
761.35
760.93
760.48
760.00
759.44
758.78
757.95
756.89
755.55
753.96
752.26
333.89
333.67
333.46
333.27
333.08
332.91
332.73
332.56
332.39
332.22
332.06
331.88
331.71
331.53
331.34
331.14
330.92
330.67
330.38
330.00
329.53
328.93
328.21
327.45
1.007
1.006
1.005
1.004
1.004
1.003
1.003
1.002
1.002
1.001
1.001
1.001
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.999
0.999
0.997
0.994
0.990
2.096
2.106
2.116
2.125
2.134
2.143
2.151
2.160
2.168
2.176
2.184
2.191
2.198
2.205
2.210
2.213
2.214
2.210
2.201
2.184
2.158
2.120
2.073
2.020
644.57
649.53
654.47
659.43
664.47
669.65
675.03
680.68
686.67
693.08
700.01
707.57
715.90
725.14
735.46
747.05
760.09
774.72
790.98
808.70
827.37
846.07
863.48
878.28
115.43
110.47
105.53
100.58
95.53
90.35
84.97
79.32
73.33
66.92
59.99
52.43
44.10
34.86
24.54
12.95
(0.09)
(14.72)
(30.98)
(48.70)
(67.37)
(86.07)
(103.48)
(118.28)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Difference
Total 3,916.90
Problem Statement:
Determine a column pressure that fits within available
steam and cooling water temperatures
A
Light
Heavy
n-Pentane
n-Octane
Water
LP Steam Pressure
MP Steam Pressure
HP Steam Pressure
Tower Water Temp.
Chilled Water Temp.
Reboiler approach
Condenser approach
Antoine Constants
B
6.8
1,059.0
6.9
1,317.0
8.0
1,701.8
Pressure
1 bar (gauge)
5 bar (gauge)
15 bar (gauge)
C
231.4
205.5
231.5
Temperature
121
159
202
30
5
15
10
Err:502
X
Bottoms
0.05
0.05
0.05
VP, mm Hg
Y
0.38
0.31
0.25
Bubble Point
Temp, deg C
105.7
144.3
186.7
Maximum
Pressure
652.3
1,703.8
4,020.2
Y
0.95
0.95
Dew Point
Temp, deg C
40.0
15.0
Minimum
Pressure
370.5
108.4
Err:502
X
Distillate
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Pressure, mm Hg
Maximum Minimum
652.3
1,703.8
4,020.2
370.5
108.4
n-Pentane n-Octane
4,993.14
423.78
10,493.08 1,241.17
20,252.38 3,165.84
VP, mm Hg
Results
Partial Pressure
n-Pentane n-Octane Difference
249.66
402.59
0.00
524.65 1,179.12
0.00
1,012.62 3,007.55
0.00
y/P*
Methyl Alcohol
Water
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Toluene
Acetic Acid
Isobutane
n-Butane
Isopentane
n-Pentane
n-Hexane
n-Heptane
n-Octane
Ethyl Alcohol
Antoine Coefficients
A
B
8.08097
1582.271
8.01352769 1701.78587
6.61182948 389.926958
6.80265848 656.401366
6.95916997 857.736201
7.05282866
1397.197
7.49044999 1604.16592
6.74811109 882.803422
6.96820966 1000.63935
6.78967307 1020.01442
6.83902998 1059.01668
6.76098367 1112.56081
6.81342209 1224.41518
6.85804739 1316.95574
8.1122
1592.864
C
239.726
231.466749
265.99
255.99
252.414186
224.2974
229.902701
240
245.310958
233.1
231.448959
218.029908
212.94937
205.523542
226.184
Mol Wt
MW
32.042
18.015
16.043
30.07
44.097
92.141
60.052
58.124
58.124
72.151
72.151
86.178
100.21
114.232
46.069