1. [20pts, 5pts each] Console fun!!!

The following code snippets produce some output to the console. Write the output.
a)

int x = 19;
while (x > 2) {
x = x/2;
cout << x;
if (x%2 == 0)
cout << "\n";
}

b)
string q = "7";
int p = 7;
cout << q + q << " 7+7 " << p+p;
c)
string s="Simpsons";
int index=0;
while (index < s.length() )
{
s.erase(index,1);
index++;
cout << s << "\n";
}
d)
cout << "\this \"C++\"";
cout << "programmi\ng";
cout << "is fun!";

2. [20 pts] Nested for loops

Write a code snippet that asks a user for an int n and then outputs a "triangle" using asterisks
(*). That is, output to the console n rows of asterisks where the first row has n asterisks, the
second row has n-1 asterisks and so on. For example, if the user enters 5, the output to the
console should be:
*****
****
***
**
*
NOTE: Pay attention to where the spaces are. This is slightly different from the problem we
did in class!
Hint: There are many ways to do this problem. Here are two possibilities: One is, for each
row, build a string that has the appropriate number of *s. Then use setw. Another way is to
use an if statement inside some loop to decide whether a * or a space should be outputted.

3. [20pts] Functions
a) Write a function prototype for a function called is_leap_year. The function returns a
boolean value (true/false) and takes as an argument an integer n.

b) Assume that you have a function called is_leap_year that determines if a given year is a
leap year or not. A description of this function's prototype is given in part a). It takes as an
argument a year (integer) and returns true if the year is a leap year, otherwise it returns
false. Use this function to write a program where you ask the user for a year and then call
the function is_leap_year to output to the console either that the year that the user entered
was a leap year or that the year that the user entered was not a leap year. Sample run:
Please enter a year.
1945 (user enters)
1945 is not a leap year.

c) Write the function definition for is_leap_year. A year is a leap year if it is divisible by four
(for example, 1980), except it is not a leap year if it is divisible by 100 (for example, 1900);
however, it is a leap year if it is divisible by 400 (for example, 2000).

4. [20pts] Graphics
You may assume that the following graphics project has been set up for you, and you only
need to write a snippet of code for the ccc_win_main routine.
Ask the user for an integer and store this is an int variable n (note we are in the graphics
environment!.) Then prompt the user to click on the screen n times and each time draw a
point where the user clicks. Then draw a line connecting the origin and the point that the user
clicked.

5. [20pts] Strings and loops

Write a complete console program starting from #include. Ask the user for a sentence and
store it in a string s. Output to the screen the number of words in the sentence. Hint: count
the spaces.