test of transformer

Introduction:
There are various Test required on Transformer to conform performance of Transfo
rmer.
Mainly two types of transformer are done by manufacturer before dispatching the
transformer mainly (1) Type test of transformer and (2) Routine test.
In addition some other tests are also carried out by the consumer at site before
commissioning and also periodically in regular & emergency basis throughout its
life.
Transformer Testing mainly classified in
Transformer Tests done by Manufacturer
(A) Routine Tests
(B)Type Tests
(C) Special Tests
Transformer Tests done at Site
(D) Pre Commissioning Tests
(E) Periodic/Condition Monitoring Tests
(F) Emergency Tests
(A) Routine tests:
A Routine test of transformer is mainly for confirming operational performance o
f individual unit in a production lot. Routine tests are carried out on every un
it manufactured.
All transformers are subjected to the following Routine tests:
Insulation resistance Test.
Winding resistance Test.
Turns Ration / Voltage ratio Test
Polarity / Vector group Test.
No-load losses and current Test.
Short-circuit impedance and load loss Test.
Continuity Test
Magnetizing Current Test
Magnetic Balance Test
High Voltage Test.
Dielectric tests
Separate source AC voltage.
Induced overvoltage.
Lightning impulse tests.
Test on On-load tap changers, where appropriate.
(B) Type tests
Type tests are tests made on a transformer which is representative of other tran
sformers to demonstrate that they comply with specified requirements not covered
by routine tests:
Temperature rise test (IEC 60076-2).
Dielectric type tests (IEC 60076-3).
(C) Special tests
Special tests are tests, other than routine or type tests, agreed between manufa
cturer and purchaser.
Dielectric special tests.
Zero-sequence impedance on three-phase transformers.
Short-circuit test.
Harmonics on the no-load current.
Power taken by fan and oil-pump motors.
Determination of sound levels.
Determination of capacitances between windings and earth, and between windings.
Determination of transient voltage transfer between windings.
Tests intended to be repeated in the field to confirm no damage during shipment,
for example frequency response analysis (FRA).
(D) Pre commissioning Tests

The Test performed before commissioning the transformer at site is called pre co
mmissioning test of transformer. These tests are done to assess the condition of
transformer after installation and compare the test results of all the low volt
age tests with the factory test reports.
All transformers are subjected to the following Pre commissioning tests:
IR value of transformer and cables
Winding Resistance
Transformer Turns Ratio
Polarity Test
Magnetizing Current
Vector Group
Magnetic Balance
Bushing & Winding Tan Delta (HV )
Protective relay testing
Transformer oil testing
Hipot test