RoutingProtocols(Howtoexecutethemstepbystep)

Dijkstralinkstage

BellmanFordvector

BasicsofconfiguringroutingprotocolinCiscorouter(referstothelab)
NeighborIDistherouterIDoftheneighborrouter.TherouterIDisthe
highestIPaddressorthehighestipaddressamongloopbackaddresses(if
oneisconfigured)ontheCiscorouterorcanbeconfiguredmanuallyby
"routeridx.x.x.x".
Priorityfieldindicatesthepriorityoftheneighborrouter.Therouterwith
thehighestprioritybecomesthedesignatedrouter(DR).Iftheprioritiesare
thesame,thentherouterwiththehighestrouterIDbecomestheDR.

Statefieldindicatesthefunctionalstateoftheneighborrouter.Referto
OSPF(OpenShortestPathFirst)linkstateprotocol,developedforuseonthe
OSPFNeighborStatesformoreinformationaboutstates.FULLmeansthe
Internet.Itsverycomplexprotocolwithhighoverhead.Advantages:Moreprecise
routerisfullyadjacentwithitsneighbor.
computationofthebestroute,abilitytosplitnetworktrafficbetweenmultiple
DeadTimefieldindicatestheamountoftimeremainingthattherouter
paths,fastconvergency.
waitstoreceiveanOSPFhellopacketfromtheneighborbeforedeclaring
RIP(Routinginformationprotocol)isadistancevectorprotocol.Suitablefor
theneighbordown.Onbroadcastandpointtopointmedia,thedefault
smallandmediumsizenetworks.Lowoverhead,simpletoimplement.Themain
deadintervalis40seconds.Onnonbroadcastandpointtomultipointlinks,
limitationis15hopsmaximum.
thedefaultdeadintervalis120seconds.
BGP(BorderGatewayProtocol)uses"PathVector"insteadof"DistanceVector".
AddressfieldindicatestheIPaddressoftheinterfacetowhichthisneighbor
PathVectorenabledetectionandpreventionofloopsincomplextopology.BGPruns
isdirectlyconnected.
overTCP,andreliesonTCPforerrorcheckingandresequensingpackets.
InterfacefieldindicatestheinterfaceonwhichtheOSPFneighborhas
iBGPinternal/eBGPexternal
formedadjacency.
ThechosenpathisnotnecessarilytheshortestASpath.Recallthatthere

aremanyissuestobeconsideredintherouteselectionprocess.Itisvery
likelythatalongerloopfreepathispreferredoverashorterloopfreepath BasicsofIPdatagramandaddressing(HowisanIPaddressbeingusedinthe
Internet)
duetoeconomicreason.

RESPONSE:Itisthecommandusedtocarrybackthevalue(s)orsignalofactionsdirectedby
theSNMPManager.

Hex(eachnumber)bin(4group)decimal
IPfragmentation

BasicsofdatagramsDatagramNetwork

ComputeCRC

UnderstandtherelationshipbetweenIPaddressandMACaddress,howtheyare
beingusedintheInternetandtherelationshipbetweenthetwo.
AsfarasrelationbetweentheMacandIPaddressofahostisconcerned,both
donthaverelationsbutbotharedependentoneachotherwhichdependsonthe
situation.BotharedependentoneachotherincaseofARP(AddressResolution

Protocol)whenanIPaddressofahost(ComputerorRouter)isresolvedtoMac
CDMA/ComputeCDMA(codedivisionmultipleaccess)
address.

NetworkManagementNetworkmanagementincludesthedeployment,
integration,andcoordinationofthehardware,software,andhumanelementsto
monitor,test,poll,configure,analyze,evaluate,andcontrolthenetworkand
elementresourcestomeettherealtime,operationalperformance,andQualityof
Servicerequirementsatareasonablecost

TerminologyofSNMPcomponentsanditsoperation
GET:TheGEToperationisarequestsentbythemanagertothemanageddevice.Itis
performedtoretrieveoneormorevaluesfromthemanageddevice.
GETNEXT:ThisoperationissimilartotheGET.ThesignificantdifferenceisthattheGETNEXT
operationretrievesthevalueofthenextOIDintheMIBtree.
GETBULK:TheGETBULKoperationisusedtoretrievevoluminousdatafromlargeMIBtable.
SET:ThisoperationisusedbythemanagerstomodifyorassignthevalueoftheManaged
device.
TRAPS:UnliketheabovecommandswhichareinitiatedfromtheSNMPManager,TRAPSare
initiatedbytheAgents.ItisasignaltotheSNMPManagerbytheAgentontheoccurrenceof
anevent.

INFORM:ThiscommandissimilartotheTRAPinitiatedbytheAgent,additionallyINFORM

includesconfirmationfromtheSNMPmanageronreceivingthemessage.