Soil Nail Wall Design Report

Reference
Calculations
Output
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In order to construct the Accident and Emegency Ward at
General Hospital, Ratnapura, it is proposed that a soil nail
wall be built to retain the cut-slope situated behind the
complex.
The design methodology adopted in this report is the "Load
and Resitance Factor Design (LFRD)" as detailed in "Manual
for Design and Construction Monitoring of Soil Nail Walls"
published by FWHA of U.S. Department of Transportation.
2.0 SUBSURFACE CONDITION

The soil strength parameters and other data pertaining to the
geotechnical properties used in the design process are
obtained from the report on "Soil Investigation for Slope
Protection Works for Proposed Accident and Emergency
Complex at General Hosptal, Ratnapura" prepared and
submitted by Messrs. ELS (Pvt.) Ltd., on 12/01/2010.
Data pertaining to 2 boreholes drilled at the site are
contained in the above report, which have been used to infer
the depths and composition of the soil strata present. In
addition, further reference has been made to the report on
"Geotechnical Investigation on Accident and Emergency Unit
at General Hospital, Ratnapura" prepared by Laboratory and
Site Investigation Unit, CECB on 20/08/2008, in order to
infer the geometry of the top surface of the bedrock.
3 main soil layers are identified to be present. The
recommended values for their soil strength parameters are
as follows:
Layer 1 (Lateritic Soil)
Report
Submitted by
ELS Pvt. Ltd.
Average cohesion
5 kPa
Friction angle (varies with stress level)

Stress level (kN/m2)
25
50
75
' (degrees)
28.0
28.0
28.0
Layer 2 (Completely Weathered Rock)

Report
Submitted by
ELS Pvt. Ltd.
Cohesion
10 kN/m2
Angle of friction
32 o
Layer 3 (Highly Weathered Rock)

Although the Geotechnical Investigation Reports do not
suggest any values for strength parameters in this layer,
judging by the Core Recovery of approx. 40%, and RQD of
approx. 10%, and an SPT value in excess of 50, it may be
safely assumed that the following parameters are applicable;
Cohesion
Angle of friction
Project Accident & Emergency Ward at General Hospital, Ratnapura
=
=
10 kN/m2
32 o
Feature
Soil Nail Wall
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CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)
Job Code
Reference
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3.0 DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Initially, a trial geometry is assumed, in which the trial
nail lengths are arrived at using empirical relationships
simplified in the form of graphs.
The nail wall design is also governed by the flexural
strength of the construction facing, both shotcrete as well
as the cast-in-place concrete, resistance to punching
shear, and nail stud tension capacity. The adequacy of the
nail head under these criteria is tested in the presence of
the estimated ultimate nail head load.
Thereafter, slope geometry, soil nailing details the
factored soil strength parameters, and other relevant data
are fed into the computer program, SLOPEW, in order to
obtain the minimum factor of safety against circular slip
failure of the slope. A load vs. resistance ration of unity or
above is considered satisfactory.
Finally, a manual check is performed by approximating
the critical circular slip surface by a bilinear wedge. The
L/R ratio is derived by considering the force equilibrium in
vertical and horizontal directions for both wedges.
4.0 DESIGN DATA
Section 3-3 in
Hospital Plan
Drawing
Wall Height (H)
4.63 m
Angle of friction of Layer 1 (')
28 o
Cohesion of Layer 1 (c')
Section 2.0
Cut Slope () (obtuse angle with horiz.)

=
Table 3.2, 3.3

FWHA Manual
1 of
Output
5 kN/m2
100 o
0o
Trial slope at top of wall ()
Density of Layer 1 ()
18 kN/m3
Nail Angle
15 o
Shotcrete Layer thickness
Nail spacing (vertical) (sV)
2.50 m
Nail spacing (horizontal) (sH)
2.5 m
CIP facing thickness
150 mm
Diameter of drillhole
110 mm
Grade of concrete
Ultimate Ground-Grout resistance =
100 mm
25 N/mm2
75 kN/m2
Feature
Soil Nail Wall
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5.0 DETAILED DESIGN

5.1
Table 4.8 of
FWHA Manual
4.12 of
FWHA
Manual
SELECTION OF TRIAL NAIL DESIGN
F.O.S. for ' for structures
0.75
F.O.S. for c' for structures
0.9
F.O.S. for Soil weight (w)
1.35
Factored soil friction angle (D)
= tan-1(0.75tan')
tan (D)
21.74 o
fD = 21.74
0.399
tan (D) = 0.399
Factored dimensionless soil cohesion

c.0c'/(wH)
= 1
Fig. 4.27 and

4.29 of
FWHA
Manual
Table 4.8 of
FWHA Manual
0.0400
cD =
###
TD - from Chart A for backslope 5o =
0.37
TD =
0.37
TNN=
260
Required nominal nail head strength

TDTwHsVsH/N
= (T
(for N = 1.0)
=
260 kN
= TNN/fy
Area of Bar Required
566 mm2
However, for trial Nail layout, select 25mm dia. Bars

Area o 25
Table 3.3 of
FWHA Manual
mm dia. Bar
491 mm2
QD = Dimensionless nail pullout resistance

= QQU/(wsVsH)
with Q = 0.7
where QU = Ultimate Pullout resistance
= Unit Ult. Bond Stress x D
25.9 kN/m
Fig. 4.28 and

4.30 of
FWHA
Manual
QU =
25.9
QD
0.119
QD = 0.119
TD/QD
3.097
TD/QD = 3.097
From chart 1C and 2C, for CD = 0.0218, the following graph may be drawn;
L/H vs. tan(phiD)
1.4
L/H
1.3
f(x) = - 0.25x^2 + 0.025x + 1.38
1.2
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
tan(phiD)
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
from the above chart, for tan0.399 , L/H

= 1.40
L/H
Feature
Soil Nail Wall
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Therefore trial Nail Length
1.40
3 of
Output
= L/H*H
=
5.2
6.5 m
L =
6.5
COMPUTATION OF ALLOWABLE NAIL HEAD LOAD
Assume 225mm square, 25mm thk, connection plate and

facing r/f of 3mm mild steel welded bars at 50mm spacing
(mesh).
2 Nos. 12mm dia. Vertical bearing bars to be provided
behind each bearing plate . R/f is to be nominally located
at the centre of the shotcrete/concrete section. Grade 25
concrete to be used.
5.2.1 TEMPORARY SHOTCRETE FACING
5.2.1.1CRITERION 1: FACING FLEXURE
Nominal Unit moment of flexure from shotcrete,

m
(Asfy/b)[d-Asfy/(1.7f'cb)]
Area of vertical steel over supports (Nail heads)

= [(3)2/4x(103/50)](250/460)(2)+2(12)2/4
=
550 mm2
As neg =
550
Area of vertical steel over midspa = [(3)2/4*(103/50)](250/460)(2)
Table 4.2 of
FWHA Manual
As pos =
393 mm2
393
mv neg
19.991 kNm/m
mv neg = ###
kNm/m
mv pos
12.522 kNm/m
mv pos = ###
kNm/m
Facing pressure factor CF for 100mm thk. Temporary facing,

CF
1.0
Nominal Nail Head Strength for resisting flexure

TFN
= CF(mv pos+mv neg)(8)sH/sV

=
260 kN
TFN=
260
Feature
Soil Nail Wall
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Output
5.2.1.2CRITERION 2: FACING PUNCHING SHEAR

Section 4.5.3
Eq.
4.2.4.3
FWHA Manual
Depth of shotcrete,
hc
100 mm
D'c
= bPL+hc
(Where bPL = Width of bearing plate)
= 225
D'c
325 mm
D'c =
325
Nominal internal punching shear sVN = 0.33[sqrt(f'c(Mpa))]D'chc

=
Table 4.2
FWHA Manual
for 100mm thick temporary facCs
168 kN
VN =
168
Dc =
425
Ac =
###
AGC =
9503
1.0
Effective diameter of punching shear cone at back of facing,

Dc
Diameter of grout column,
DGC
= hc + D'c
=
425 mm
110 mm
Area of punching shear cone base at back of facing,

Ac
2
= 0.25Dc
=
Area of grout column,
AGC
= 0.25DGC2
=
Eq. 4.3
FWHA Manual
141863 mm2
9503 mm2
Nail Head strength for resisting punching shear,

TFN
= VN/[1-Cs(AC-AGC)/(sVsH-AGC)]
=
172 kN
5.2.2 PERMANENT CAST IN PLACE (CIP) CONCRETE FACING

5.2.2.1CRITERION 1: FACING FLEXURE
Thickness of permanent facing
250 mm
TFN=
172
Select facing reinforcement of T10@200 in both vertical

and horizontal directions. Considering both shotcrete and
CIP as one composite facing,
Section 5.2.1.1
As neg
550 mm2
As neg= 550
As pos = (10)2/4/(200/1000)(2)
393 mm2
As pos= 393
Feature
Soil Nail Wall
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5 of
Output
Effective depth of negative reinfo = 150 +100 - 100/2

=
200 mm
Effective depth of positive reinfor = 150 + 100 - 150/2

=
m
175 mm
(Asfy/b)[d-Asfy/(1.7f'cb)]
Accordingly,
mv neg
20.0 kNm/m
mv neg = 20.0
kNm/m
mv pos
15.7 kNm/m
mv pos = 15.7
kNm/m
TFN for resisting flexure
= CF(mv pos+mv neg)(8)sH/sV

=
285 kN
TFN=
285
5.2.2.2CRITERION 2: FACING PUNCHING SHEAR

Section 4.5.3
FWHA
Manual
Select Nail stud arrangement with following dimensions;

body diameter
dHS
20 mm
head diameter
dH
32 mm
head thickness
tH
10 mm
overall length
85 mm
stud spacing
125 mm
grade of stud steel
FU
250 N/mm2
Provision 1
dH
> sqrt(2.5) dHS
32
>
tH
Provision 2
31.6
0.5(dH-dHS)
O.K.
10
###
O.K.
Effective height of punching shear cone, hc = plate thickness + L

=
210 mm
Effective diameter of punching shear =

cone,
hC +
D'diameter of grout column
D'C
320
Feature
Soil Nail Wall
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VN = 0.33[sqrt(f'c)]D'ChC
6 of
Output
348 kN
VN =
348
where VN is the nominal internal punching shear strength.

AGC = 0.25(diameter of grout column)
=
AC = 0.25(D'C + hC)2
9503 mm2
220618 mm2
TFN = VN[1/(1-CS(AC - AGC)/(sVsH - AGC=
Section 4.3
FWHA
Manual
361 kN
AGC = 9503
AC =
###
TFN = 361
5.2.2.3CRITERION 3: NAIL HEAD STUD TENSION
TFN
= 4AHSFU
where AHS is the cross sectional area of the stud shaft, and
FU is the characteristic strength of the stud material.
TFN
5.3
Section 2.4.5
FWHA
Manual
314 kN
TFN = 314
DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM DESIGN NAIL HEAD STRENGTH

Nail head service load factor
0.5
KA = Coulomb active pressure coefficient

=
(sin(+))2
sin(-)(sin())2 1+ sin()sin() 2
sin()sin()
KA
where,
0.298
wall slope (measured anticlockwise from horizontal
Back slope
Wall friction angle
The angle of friction at the wall soil interface, and

backslope angle are assumed as 18 degrees and 5 degrees
respectively, which is reasonable considering the
respectively, which is reasonable considering

backslope geometry indicated in the drawings.
Nail head service load, tF
= FFKAHsHsv
Section 4.7.2
Step 3
FWHA
Manual
the
(neglecting cohesion)
deducting cohesive component, tF = FF[KAH - 2csHsv
=
tF =
92 kN
92
where FF is the nail head service load factor, assumed as

0.5 as recommended in the absence of site specific data
from walls constructed in similar soils.
Feature
Soil Nail Wall
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Factored Nail Head Load, tF)
Table 4.6
FWHA
Manual
1.5 tF
=
Factored nail head stren TF
Sections
5.2.1.1,
5.2.1.2,
5.2.2.1,
5.2.2.2,
5.2.2.3 Table
4.7 FWHA
Manual
5.4
7 of
Output
137 kN
= min(260,172,285,361,314)x0.9
TF
TF
>
155 kN
tF)
O.K.
DEFINING OF NAIL HEAD STRENGTH DIAGRAMS
The design nail head strength diagram for each nail is

developed by determining the design pullout resistance,
the design nail head strength and the design nail tendon
tensile strength.
Table 4.8
FWHA
Manual
Design nail head strength, TF
Design pullout resistance, Q
= QQU
155 kN
TF =
155
Q =
18.1
and QU is the ultimate ground-grout pullout resistance

per metre length.
Q
= (0.7)(75)(
=
)(110 )/103
18.1 kN/m
kN/m
Table 4.8
FWHA
Manual
Design nail tendon tensile s TN
= N TNN
= (0.9)(491)(0.460)
=
18.1
203 kN
TN = 203
Q
TF = 155
18.1
TN =
203
5.5
SELECTION OF TRIAL NAIL SPACINGS AND LENGTHS
Dimensionless nail pullout resistance, QD = QQU/(WSVSH)
Section 5.4
Section 1
Fig. 4.11
FWHA
Manual
0.119
Dimensionless nail length, L/H
1.40
QD/(L/H)
0.085
"R" value (from chart)
0.46
R =
Feature
Soil Nail Wall
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Nail No.
Trial LengthR(x)
0.46
8 of
Output
Trial Nail length distribution
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
1.16
7.5
6.5
0.81
5.2
where R(x) = [x/(H/2)](1-R)+R
5.6
DEFINING OF DESIGN SOIL STRENGTHS
Section 4.0
Ultimate friction angle, U
Section 4.0
Ultimate cohesion, cU
0.75
0.9
Table 4.8
FWHA
Manual
28.0 o
5.0 kN/m2
-1
Therefore design friction angle, = tan [tan(u)]
=
Similarly, design cohesion, c
= 21.74
= CCU
=
5.7
21.74 o
4.5 kN/m2
CALCULATION OF RESISTANCE/LOAD RATIO
A limiting equilibrium analysis is performed using

computer software SLOPEW, to determine the actual nail
lengths which are required to achieve a minimum
4.5
kN/m2
lengths which are required to achieve a minimum

resistance/load ratio of 1.00.
1.04
1.49
3.59
3.24
45
Critical Circular
Slip Surface
Resistance/Load
Ratio = 1.136
10
56
Bilinear
Approximation
to Slip Surface
cU = 5 kN/m2
U = 23.4 deg
= 18 kN/m3
8.50
92.4
32
127.9
cU = 10 kN/m2
4.69
U = 35 deg
= 18 kN/m3
170.5
Area (A) = 7.84 m2

Area (B) = 44.80 m2
Fig. 5.7.1 - Cut Slope Cross Section

Feature
Soil Nail Wall
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CcUALA
(R/L)
tan-1[(tanUA)/(R/L)]
WWB
TA
TB
B
CcUBLB
RB
tan-1[(tanUB)/(R/L)]
(R/L)
Fig. 5.7.2 - Cut Slope Force Diagram

From the above diagram, resolving forces in the
horizontal and vertical directions for the two blocks gives
rise to the following simplified equation, after eliminating
the terms I,RA and RB:
{-WWB-(TB+T)sin()+CcUB(LB)sin(B)/(R/L)}tan(B- B)+
(TB+T)cos() +CcUB(LB)cos(B)/(R/L) = {WWA+(TAT)sin()-CcUA(LA)sin(A)/(R/L)}tan(A-A)-(TA-T)cos()CcUA(LA)cos(A)/(R/L)
where = tan-1[tan(U)/(R/L)]
Solving the above equation using a spreadsheet,
R/L
9 of
Output
WWA
Page
0.974
Although this R/L value is somewhat lower than 1.136,

obained
from
the
computer
software
SLOPEW,
considering the assumptions involved, and the fact that
the R/L derived from the manual calculation is close to
unity, it may be assumed that the computer generated
result is accurate enough for the purpose of designing the
5.8
EXTERNAL STABILITY CHECK OF NAILED BLOCK
An external stability check is not necessary for this wall as

the subsurface soils are granular and no hydrostatic
pressures are expected behind the wall. Further, it is
assumed that the wall is located in an asiesmic region.
Feature
Soil Nail Wall
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5.9
10 of
Output
CHECK OF THE UPPER CANTILEVER
not exceed 2.0m for both the temporary shotcrete and

permanent CIP facings. Therefore the static loading is
identical for both cases.
Because both the facing
thickness and the steel content is higher in the permanent
facing, the CIP facing is less critical by inspection.
Therefore, for the static loading condition, only the
construction facing upper cantilever needs to be
evaluated.
For the given slope geometry (assuming a backslope of 0o)
and soil to wall interface friction angle of 16.67 o
Coulomb's earth pressure theory gives an active earth
pressure coefficient KA of 0.406. The load component
normal to the wall has a corresponding coefficient of
(0.406)cos(16.67) = 0389.
5.9.1 SHEAR CHECK
From force equilibrium, factored one way unit shear force

at the upper row of nails.
Table 4.6
FHWA
Manual
EHv
2
= 0.5KAz
4.40 kN/m
EHv= 4.402
kN/m
Nominal one way unit shear strength,
V
)(d)
= 0.166(f'
c
=
41.5 kN/m
VNS=
41.5
kN/m
V =
37.4
Design one way unit shear streV = FVNS

=
37.4 kN/m
kN/m
where F is the facing shear resistance factor.
Table 4.7
FHWA
Manual
EHv
O.K.
< V
5.9.2 FLEXURE CHECK
Factored one way unit service moment at the level of upper row of nails,
ms
= (0.33)(H/cos(10))v
mv, neg
Section 5.2.1.1
1.932 kNm/m
19.991 kNm/m
EH ms
3.864 kNm/m
Fmv, neg
17.992 kNm/m
Fmv, neg
EH ms <
Feature
Soil Nail Wall
ms =
mv, neg = 19.991

kNm/m
O.K.
DESIGN UNIT
Designed
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5.10 FACING REINFORCEMENT DETAIL CHECK

5.10.1 SHOTCRETE CONSTRUCTION FACING
Check 1 - Waler Reinforcement

Two 12mm dia. Tor steel waler bars to be placed
horizontally and continuously behind the bearing plate in
each nail row.
Check 2 - Minimum/Maximum Reinforcement Ratios
Since minimum and maximum reinforcement ratios are
recommended to ensure ductility of members in addition
to their their resistance to thermal and shrinkage
cracking, these provisions are assumed to be unapplicable
for temporary facings of soil nail retaining walls, which
remain ductile despite having very low reinforcement
ratios.
Check 3 - Minimum cover requirements
For the temporary shotcrete facing, reinforcement is
placed at the centre line of the facing, resulting in a cover
of 48mm.
Check 4 - Development and Splices of Reinforcement
Development of 12mm dia. Vertical Bearing Bars:Point of zero moment for a uniformly loaded interior
span with fixed end supports,
= 0.213LC
Although the vertical bars are not required all the way
to the point of zero moment, as per Section 5.11.1.2.1
of the AASHTO LFRD Bridge Specifications, 1st Edition
[29], they must extend the maximum of LC/20, 15dB, or
0.983
kNm/m
Page
11 of
Output
Although the vertical bars are not required all the way
to the point of zero moment, as per Section 5.11.1.2.1
of the AASHTO LFRD Bridge Specifications, 1st Edition
[29], they must extend the maximum of LC/20, 15dB, or
d, past he point at which they are no longer needed.
LC/20
= 1500mm/20 =### mm
15dB
= 15(12)
= 50 mm
= 180mm
fraction of vertical bearing bar area over total vertical reinforcement,

= 226/380
0.60
Therefore estimate the point at which the vertical

bearing bars are no longer needed as 0.6(0.213Lc)
from the support. The total bar length is computed to
be;
LVB
= 2[0.6(0.213)(2.5m)+0=
0.999 m
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Soil Nail Wall
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12 of
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Splicing of 12mm dia. Waler Bars:Splice length, Ls for a class C splice is given by the
maximum of 0.30m or 1.7LDB, where LDB is given by,
Section
5.11.5.3
AASHTO [29]
Section 5.11.2
AASHTO
[29]
LDB
2
= 0.019(AB(mm ))(fy(Mpa))/(f'c(MPa))
= 0.019(113)(460)/(25)
=
LS
197.5 mm
= max(0.3, 1.7(197.5))
=
336 mm
LS =
Therefore provide a splice length of 350mm.
Splicing of 50x50x3 mesh:Section

5.11.6.2
AASHTO [29]
Eq. 5.11.2.5.21 AASHTO
[29]
The splice length between outermost crosswires is the

greater of (SWIRE+ 50 mm), 1.5LDB, or 150mm.
LDB
= 3.25(AWIRE)fY/(SWIRE(f'C))
= 3.25(7.069)(250)/(50(25))
=
23 mm
336
### LDB
SWIRE + 50mm
34 mm
100 mm
Therefore use a minimum of 150mm for splices for the wire mesh.
5.10.2 CAST-IN-PLACE CONSTRUCTION FACING
Check 1 - Waler Reinforcement

There are no applicable requirements, as waler bars are not present.
Check 2 - Minimum and Maximum Reinforcement Ratios
Minimum Reinforcement Ratio Requirements:Section 5.10.8
AASHTO
[29]
Minimum shrinkage and temperature reinforcement near

exposed surfaces of walls and slabs is given by equation
5.10.8.2-1 and must be greater than,
0.76AG/FY
for one nail spacing
0.76AG/FY
= 0.76(2000)(150)/460
=
496 mm2
Feature
Soil Nail Wall
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ATOTAL
13 of
Output
=
ATOTAL
Page
>
785 mm2
0.76AG/FY
O.K.
Maximum Reinforcement Ratio Requirement

Although Section 5.7.3.3 of AASHTO [29] contains a
provision for maximum amount of reinforcement allowed
in a flexural member, per the discussion in 5.10.1 of this
report, this provision is not applicable for soill nail walls.
Check 3 - Minimum cover requirements
Section 5.12.3
AASHTO
[29]
Available cover to exposed surface= 150mm - 25mm - 85mm

=
40 mm
Although this value is lesser than that recommended in

AASHTO [29], 40mm is assumed to be acceptable
considering the less severe conditions present in this
country.
O.K.
minimum cover requirement between CIP Reinforcement and shotcrete facing is 38m
Actual available cover
= 150/2 - 1 mm
=
65 mm > 38mm
O.K.
Feature
Soil Nail Wall
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14 of
Output
Output
Output
0.399
kN
kN/m
3.097
may be drawn;
1.40
Output
550
393
###
kNm/m
###
kNm/m
kN
Output
mm
kN
mm
mm2
mm2
kN
mm2
mm2
Output
20.0
kNm/m
15.7
kNm/m
kN
Output
kN
mm2
mm2
kN
kN
kN
Output
kN
kN/m
kN
Output
kN/m2
Output
Output
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
0.983
kNm/m
= 19.991
kNm/m
Output
Output
mm
Output
d shotcrete facing is 38mm.
M
As
fy
b
d
f'c
k
z
a
52053180 61147104 9093924

784.999833
460
1500
175
25
0.04532522
165.691646
0.9

Soil Nail Wall Design Report

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Soil Nail Wall Design Report

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Reference

2.0 SUBSURFACE CONDITION

Friction angle (varies with stress level)

Layer 2 (Completely Weathered Rock)

Layer 3 (Highly Weathered Rock)

Soil Nail Wall

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

3.0 DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Wall Height (H)

Angle of friction of Layer 1 (')

Cohesion of Layer 1 (c')

Cut Slope () (obtuse angle with horiz.)

Table 3.2, 3.3

Trial slope at top of wall ()

Shotcrete Layer thickness

Nail spacing (vertical) (sV)

Nail spacing (horizontal) (sH)

CIP facing thickness

Ultimate Ground-Grout resistance =

Project Accident & Emergency Ward at General Hospital, Ratnapura

Soil Nail Wall

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

5.0 DETAILED DESIGN

SELECTION OF TRIAL NAIL DESIGN

F.O.S. for ' for structures

F.O.S. for c' for structures

F.O.S. for Soil weight (w)

Factored soil friction angle (D)

tan (D) = 0.399

Factored dimensionless soil cohesion

Fig. 4.27 and

TD - from Chart A for backslope 5o =

Required nominal nail head strength

Area of Bar Required

However, for trial Nail layout, select 25mm dia. Bars

QD = Dimensionless nail pullout resistance

Fig. 4.28 and

f(x) = - 0.25x^2 + 0.025x + 1.38

from the above chart, for tan0.399 , L/H

Soil Nail Wall

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Therefore trial Nail Length

COMPUTATION OF ALLOWABLE NAIL HEAD LOAD

Assume 225mm square, 25mm thk, connection plate and

Nominal Unit moment of flexure from shotcrete,

Area of vertical steel over supports (Nail heads)

Area of vertical steel over midspa = [(3)2/4*(103/50)](250/460)(2)

Facing pressure factor CF for 100mm thk. Temporary facing,

Nominal Nail Head Strength for resisting flexure

= CF(mv pos+mv neg)(8)sH/sV

Project Accident & Emergency Ward at General Hospital, Ratnapura

Soil Nail Wall

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

5.2.1.2CRITERION 2: FACING PUNCHING SHEAR

Nominal internal punching shear sVN = 0.33[sqrt(f'c(Mpa))]D'chc

for 100mm thick temporary facCs

Effective diameter of punching shear cone at back of facing,

Diameter of grout column,

Area of punching shear cone base at back of facing,

Nail Head strength for resisting punching shear,

5.2.2 PERMANENT CAST IN PLACE (CIP) CONCRETE FACING

Thickness of permanent facing

Select facing reinforcement of T10@200 in both vertical