How grounding is different than earthings?

Earthing:

Earthing means connecting the dead part (it means the part which does not carries current under normal condition) to the
earth for example electrical equipments frames, enclosures, supports etc.

The purpose of earthing is to minimize RISK

of receiving an electric shock if touching metal parts when a fault is

present. Generally green wire is used for this as a nomenclature.

Under fault conditions the non-current carrying metal parts of an electrical installation such as frames, enclosures,
supports, fencing etc. may attain high potential with respect to ground so that any person or stray animal touching these
or approaching these will be subjected to potential difference which may result in the flow of a current through the body of
the person or the animal of such a value as may prove fatal.

To avoid this non-current carrying metal parts of the electrical system are connected to the general mass of earth by
means of an earthing system comprising of earth conductors to conduct the fault currents safely to the ground.

Earthing has been accomplished through BONDING

of a metallic system to earth. It is normally achieved by inserting

ground rods or other electrodes deep inside earth.

Earthing is to ensure safety or Protection of electrical equipment and Human by discharging the electrical
energy to the earth.

Grounding:

Grounding means connecting the live part (it means the part which carries current under normal condition) to the earth for
example neutral of power transformer.

Grounding is done for the protections of power system equipment and to provide an effective return path from the
machine to the power source. For example grounding of neutral point of a star connected transformer.

Grounding refers the current carrying part of the system such as neutral (of the transformer or generator).
Because of lightening, line surges or unintentional contact with other high voltage lines, dangerously high voltages can
develop in the electrical distribution system wires. Grounding provides a safe, alternate path around the electrical system
of your house thus minimizing damage from such occurrences.

Generally Black wire is used for this as a nomenclature.

All electrical/electronic circuits (AC & DC) need a reference potential (zero volts) which is called ground in order to make
possible the current flow from generator to load. Ground is May or May not be earthed. In Electrical Power distribution
it is either earthed at distribution Point or at Consumer end but it is not earthed in Automobile( for instance all vehicles
electrical circuits have ground connected to the chassis and metallic body that are insulated from earth through tires).
There may exist a neutral to ground voltage due to voltage drop in the wiring, thusneutral does not necessarily have to
be at ground potential.

In a properly balanced system, the phase currents balance each other, so that the total neutral current is also zero. For
individual systems, this is not completely possible, but we strive to come close in AGGREGATE . This balancing allows
maximum efficiency of the distribution transformers secondary winding

Micro Difference between earthing & Grounding:

There is no major difference between earthing and Grounding, both means Connecting an electrical circuit or device
to the Earth. This serves various purposes like to drain away unwanted currents, to provide a reference voltage for
circuits needing one, to lead lightning away from delicate equipment. Even though there is a micro difference between
grounding & earthing.

(1) Difference in Terminology:

In USA term Grounding is used but in UK term Earthing is used.

(2) Balancing the Load Vs Safety:

Ground is a source for unwanted currents and also as a return path for main current some times. While earthing is done
not for return path but only for protection of delicate equipments. It is an alternate low resistance path for current.

When we take out the neutral for a three phase unbalanced connection and send it to ground, it is called grounding.
Grounding is done to balance unbalanced load. While earthing is used between the equipment and earth pit so as to
avoid electrical shock and equipment damage.

(3) Equipment Protection Vs Human Safety:

Earthing is to protect the circuit elements whenever high voltage is passed by thunders or by any other sources while
Grounding is the common point in the circuit to maintain the voltage levels.

Earth is used for the safety of the human body in fault conditions while Grounding (As neutral earth) is used for
the protection of equipments.

Earthing is a preventive measure while Grounding is just a return path

The ground conductor provides a return path for fault current when a phase conductor accidentally comes in contact with
a grounded object. This is a safety feature of the wiring system and we would never expect to see grounding conductor
current flow during normal operation.

Do not Ground the Neutral Second time When It is grounded either at Distribution Transformer or at Main service
Panel of Consumer end.

Grounding act as neutral. But neutral cannot act as ground.

(4) System Zero Potential Vs Circuit Zero Potential:

Earthing and Grounding both is refer to zero potential but the system connected to zero potential is differ than Equipment
connected to zero potential .If a neutral point of a generator or transformer is connected to zero potential then it is known
as grounding. At the same time if the body of the transformer or generator is connected to zero potential then it is known
as earthing.

The term Earthing means that the circuit is physically connected to the ground and it is Zero Volt Potential to the Ground
(Earth) but in case of Grounding the circuit is not physically connected to ground, but its potential is zero(where the
currents are algebraically zero) with respect to other point, which is also known as Virtual Grounding.

Earth having zero potential whereas neutral may have some potential. That means neutral does not always have zero
potential with respect to ground. In earthing we have Zero Volt potential references to the earth while in grounding we
have local Zero Volt potential reference to circuit. When we connect two different Power circuits in power distribution
system, we want to have the same Zero Volt reference so we connect them and grounds together. This common
reference might be different from the earth potential.

Illegal Practice of interchange Purpose of Grounding & earthing wire

Neutral wire in grid connections is mandatory for safety. Imagine a person from 4th floor in a building uses Earth wire
(which is earthed in the basement at Basement) as neutral to power his lights. Another Person from 2nd floor has a
normal setup and uses neutral for the same purpose. Neutral wire is also earthed at the ground level (as per USA
practice Neutral is Grounded (earthed) at Building and as per Indian Practice it is Grounded (earthed) at Distribution
Transformer). However, ground wire (Neutral wire) has a much lower electrical resistance than Earth
Wire (Earthing) which results in a difference of electrical potential (i.e. voltage) between them. This voltage is quite a
hazard for anyone touching a Earth wire (Metal Body of Equipment) as it may have several tens of volts.

The second issue is legality. Using ground wire instead of neutral makes you an energy thief as the meter uses only the
Phase and neutral for recording your energy consumption. Many Consumers make energy theft by using Earthing wire as
a Neutral wire in an Energy meter.

Conclusion:

Ground is a source for unwanted currents and also as a return path for main current. While earthing is done not for return
path but only for protection of delicate equipments. It is an alternate low resistance path for current. Earth is used for the
safety of the human body in fault conditions while Grounding (As neutral earth) is used for the protection of equipments