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ABSTRACT
The last few years have witnessed a dramatic boom in the wireless communications
industry, hence increasing the number of users of mobile communication devices. This
the magnified the need for a more efficient and reliable signal scrambler. This paper
deals with the Mobile Jamming Technology. A mobile Jammer is an instrument which
used to prevent mobile phones from receiving signals from the base stations. Which can
be used in practically at any location, but are mostly found in places where a phone call
because silence is expected. The concept of jamming technology is studied in a step-bystep approach. Those steps include Introduction to mobile jammer, Components of
mobile jammer, Mobile jamming techniques, Design parameters for mobile jammer,
Block diagram of mobile jammer and Legal issues related with mobile jammer along
with the Alternatives of mobile jammer.
INTRODUCTION
and match the power increase from the phone. Cell phones are full-duplex
devices, which mean they use two separate frequencies, one for talking and
one for listening simultaneously. Some jammers block only one of the
frequencies used by cell phones, which has the effect of blocking both. The
phone is tricked into thinking there is no service because it can receive only
one of the frequencies. Less complex devices block only one group of
frequencies, while sophisticated jammers can block several types of networks
at once to head off dual-mode or tri-mode phones that automatically switch
among different network types to find an open signal. Some of the high-end
devices block all frequencies at once and others can be tuned to specific
frequencies.
To jam a cell phone, all you need is a device that broadcasts on the correct
frequencies. Although different cellular systems process signals differently, all
cell-phone networks use radio signals that can be interrupted. GSM, used in
digital cellular and PCS-based systems, operates in the 900-MHz and 1800MHz bands in Europe and Asia and in the 1900-MHz (sometimes referred to
as 1.9-GHz) band in the United States. Jammers can broadcast on any
frequency and are effective against AMPS, CDMA, TDMA, GSM, PCS, DCS,
iDEN and Nextel systems. Old-fashioned analog cell phones and today's
digital devices are equally susceptible to jamming. Disrupting a cell phone is
the same as jamming any other type of radio communication. A cell phone
works by communicating with its service network through a cell tower or base
station. Cell towers divide a city into small areas, or cells. As a cell phone user
drives down the street, the signal is handed from tower to tower
A jamming device transmits on the same radio frequencies as the cell phone,
disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell-phone base
station in the town
It's a called a denial-of-service attack . The jammer denies service of the radio
spectrum to the cell-phone users within range of the jamming device. Older
jammers sometimes were
limited to working on phones using only analog or older digital mobile phone
standards. Newer models such as the double and triple band jammers can
block all widely used systems (AMPS, iDEN, GSM, etc) and are even very
effective against newer phones which hop to different frequencies and systems
when interfered with. As the dominant network technology and frequencies
used for mobile phones vary worldwide, some work only in specific regions
such as Europe or North America.
The power of the jammer's effect can vary widely based on factors such as
proximity to towers, indoor and outdoor settings, presence of buildings and
landscape, even temperature and humidity play a role. There are concerns
that crudely designed jammers may disrupt the functioning of medical devices
such as pacemakers. However, like cell phones, most of the devices in common
use operate at low enough power output (<1W) to avoid causing any problems
of-service attack. The jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the
cell-phone users within range of the jamming device.
Components of Mobile Jammer
Components of a mobile jammer include:
_ Voltage Controlled Oscillator(VCO)
_ Tuning Circuit
_ Noise Source
_ RF Amplification Unit
_ Transmitting Antenna
Tuning Circuit
Transmitting Antenna
Transmitting Antenna is a tool which transmits signals produced by your
jammer. The main characteristic of antenna is VSWR (Voltage Standing
Wave Ratio). If your antenna has VSWR of 3 or lower, then this is what you
need, because the return loss of this antenna is minimal. VSWR: For
example, the VSWR value 2:1 denotes a maximum standing wave amplitude
that is 2 times greater than the minimum standing wave value. Generally we
use SMA antennas due to their ability of being removed or replace deasily. It
is worth to mention that omni directional antennas are preferable, unless.
SPECIFICATION OF MOBILE
JAMMER
However, because many factors affect both cellular phone Reception and jamming
efficiency the advertised or sated AREA of COVERAGE may be more or less thanWhat
a manufacture states.
In most cases a JAMMER will be easier to implement and more effective indoors. In
urban settings and In high-rise buildings, a jammer will typically be more effective on
lower floors. This is because the Building and surrounding structures diminish the
cellular signal. In some cases a JAMMER will be more Effective when placed on the
side of a room or building which is closest to a cellular tower. And in other Cases a
JAMMER may be more effective when placed by a window or door. The design of a
jammer design begins with a desired area of coverage as it correlates to a particular
Frequency. Jammers like all radio devices operate according to certain laws of physics
and energy. The Jamming objective is to inject an interference signal into the
communications frequency so that the Actual signal is completely submerged by the
interference. It is important to notice that transmission can never be totally jammed jamming hinders the reception at the other end. The problem here for the jammer is
that only transmitters can be found using direction finding and the Location of the
target must be a specific location, usually where the jammer is located and this is
Because the jamming power is never infinite.
Jamming is successful when the jamming signal denies the usability of the
communications transmission. In digital communications, the usability is denied when
the error rate of the transmission cannot be compensated by error correction. Usually
a successful jamming attack requires that the jammer power is roughly equal to signal
power at the receiver. The effects of jamming depend on the, Jamming-to-signal ratio
(J/S), Modulation scheme, Channel coding and interleaving of the target system.
Generally Jamming-to-Signal ratio can be measured according to the following
Equation.
Where:
Pj = jammer power
Pt = transmitter power
The above Equation indicates that the jammer Effective Radiated Power, which is the
product of Antenna gain and output power, should be high if jamming efficiency is
required. On the other hand, in Order to prevent jamming, the antenna gain toward
the communication partner should be as high as Possible while the gain towards the
jammer should be as small as possible. As the equation shows, the Antenna pattern, the
relation between the azimuth and the gain, is a very important aspect in jamming. Also
as we know from Microwave and shown in the equation distance has a strong inuence
on the Signal loss. If the distance between jammer and receiver is doubled, the jammer
has to quadruple its Output in order for the jamming to have the same effect. It must
also be noted here that jammer path Loss is often different from the communications
path loss; hence giving the jammer an advantage
Over Communication transmitters.
1.1Power Supply:
The mobile jammer was designed for _xed use, and to take its power from the
regular 220V AC wall outlets. The IF RF sections of the jammer require +5, +9, and -9
DC Voltages. So a dc-dual polarity power supply should be designed. The basic parts
for a power supply are rectifier, filter, and regulator. The rectifier coverts the ac input
voltage to a pulsating dc voltage and can be either half wave rectifier and full wave
rectifier, the one we use is the full wave rectifier which has the advantage that it allows
unidirectional current to the load during the entire cycle of the input voltage and the
result of the full wave rectification is an output voltage with a frequency twice the
input frequency that pulsated every half-cycle of the input. The second part of the
power supply is the filter which eliminate the fluctuations in the output of the full wave
rectifier so as to produce a constant dc voltage, the filter is simply a capacitor
and its chosen to be as large as possible to minimize voltage ripple in the output. The
final part of the power supply is the regulator and it is used to provide the desired
constant dc output that is basically independent of the input voltage. Single chip
regulators were used to give +5, +9, and -9 dc voltages
Blockdiagram
1.2 IF Section:
The function of the IF-section of the Mobile jammer is to generate
the tuning signal for the VCO in The RF-Section, which will sweep the VCO through
the desired range of frequencies. This tuning signal is generated by a triangular wave
generator along with noise generator, and then offset by proper amount so as to sweep
the VCO output from the minimum desired frequency to a maximum. The triangle
wave and noise signals are mixed using Op-Amp configured as summer. Then a DC
voltage is added to the resulted signal to obtain the required tuning voltage.
5.3 RF Section:
The RF-section is the most important part of the mobile jammer it
consist of the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), RF Power ampli_ers, and the
antenna. These components were selected according to the desired speci_cation of the
jammer such as the frequency range and the coverage range.
Power Supply
The mobile jammer was designed forexed. use, and to take its power from
the regular 220V AC wall outlets. The IF RF sections of the jammer require
+5, +9, and -9 DC Voltages. So a dc-dual polarity power supply should be
designed. The basic parts for
a power supply are rectifier and regulator. The rectifier coverts the ac input
voltage to a pulsating dc voltage and can be either half wave rectifier and
full wave rectifier, the one we use is the full wave rectifier which has the
advantage that it allows unidirectional current to the load during the entire
cycle of the input voltage and the
is the regulator and it is used to provide the desired constant dc output that
is basically independent of the input voltage. Single chip regulators were
used to give +5, +9, and -9 dc voltages
The function of the IF-section of the Mobile jammer is to generate the tuning
signal for the VCO in The RF-Section, which will sweep the VCO through
the desired range of frequencies. This tuning signal is generated by a
triangular wave generator along with noise generator, and then o_ set by
proper amount so as to sweep the VCO output from the minimum desired
frequency to a maximum. The triangle wave and noise signals are mixed
using Op-Amp configured as summer. Then a DC voltage is
added to the resulted signal to obtain the required tuning voltage.
RF Section
The RF-section is the most important part of the mobile jammer it consist of
the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), RF Power amplifiers, and the
antenna. These components were selected according to the desired
specification of the jammer such as the frequency range and the coverage
range.
Applications
There are various types of jamming devices available which are using
different jamming techniques.
_ To maintain the complete silence in library and lecture hall.
_ To avoid fraud in examination hall.
_ To avoid disturbance in class room.
_ For providing security in business conference, board of directors rooms,
seminars, etc.
_ For providing calm and peaceful atmosphere in Hospitals.
_ Church/Mosques/Cathedral/Temple/Religious establishment
Cell phone jamming devices were originally developed for law enforcement
and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists.
The bombs that blew up commuter trains in Spain in March 2004, as well as
blasts in Bali in October2002 and Jakarta in August 2003, all relied on cell
phones to trigger explosives. It has been widely reported that a cell-phone
jammer thwarted an assassination attempt on Pakistani President
Musharraf in December 2003. When President Bush visited Lon-don in
November 2004, it was reported that British police considered using
jammers
Conclusion
bad aspects.
In many place cell phone jammer is useful but at many place it is a problem .for
this we can take a example that if at any place cell phone jammer is on than
anybody wants to use than there creates some problems. But its overall
performance is very good
and helpful in our life.
References
_ www.HowStu_Work.com
_ wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile phone jammer
_ Mobile Personal Communications Committee of the Radio
Advisory Board of Canada, Use of jammer and disabler Devices
for blocking PCS, Cellular Related Services
_ http://whatisacellphonejammer.com
_ http://blog.jammer-store.com//how-mobile-jammers-work