LOAD TEST ON SINGLE CYLINDER FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

WITH ROPE BRAKE DYNAOMETER

AIM
To conduct a suitable test on single cylinder four stroke diesel engine under various
load conditions and to plot the following graphs
1. Total fuel consumption

(TFC)

vs.

Brake power(BP)

2. Break mean effective power (BMEP)

vs.

Brake power(BP)

3. Specific fuel consumption

(SFC)

vs.

Brake power(BP)

4. Brake thermal efficiency

(BTE)

vs.

Brake power(BP)

5. Indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP)

vs.

Brake power(BP)

6. Indicated thermal efficiency (ITE)

vs.

Brake power(BP)

7. Mechanical efficiency

vs.

Brake power(BP)

(ME)

APPARATUS REQUIRED
Engine test rig with loading system, stop watch etc..
SPECIFICATIONS
Engine
: Four Stroke Single Cylinder
Make

: Topland / Kirloskar

Bhp

: 5 Hp

Rpm

: 1500

Fuel

: Diesel

Bore

: 80 Mm

Stroke Length

: 110 Mm

Starting

: Cranking

Working Cycle

: Four Stroke

Method of Cooling

: Water Cooled

Method of Ignition

: Compression Ignition

PRECAUTION
1.
Open the fuel supply valve
2.

Check the lubricating oil level

3.

Start the engine under no loads condition

4.

Open cooling water inlet and outlet valve

PROCEDURE

1. Fill up the diesel into the fuel tank mounted on the panel frame.
2. Connect the instrumentation power input plug to a 230V, single phase power
source. Now the digital meters namely, RPM and Temperature indicators display
the respective readings.
3. Connect the water line to the engine jacket and brake drum.
4. Check the lubricating oil in the oil sump.
5. Open the fuel valve and ensure no air trapped in the fuel line.
6. Start the engine and allow it to stabilize rated speed.(1500 rpm)
7. Now load the engine in steps of ,1/2,3/4, full load & 10% over load and
allow the engine to stabilize at each load.
8. Record all the required parameters indicated on the digital indicators which
are mounted on the panel board like,
a. Speed of the engine from digital RPM indicator
b. Load from the spring balance.
c. Fuel consumption from burette.
d. Quantity of airflow from manometer.
e. Different temperatures from Temperature indicator.
6. Load the engine step by step.
7. Note down the corresponding parameters.
8. Turn off the fuel knob provided on the panel after the test.
THEORY
1. Maximum Load Calculation

Maximum load , Wmax =

BP 450 00
kg
2 NgR

BP = Brake power in hp
N = Speed of the engine in rpm
g = Acceleration due to gravity(9.81 m/s2)
R = Mean radius of rope drum in meters
D = Diameter of brake drum
d = Diameter of rope
2. Brake Power ( BP)
2

( D+2 d )

2 N (WRg)
45000

BP =

kW

W = Net Load (w-s) in kg

N = Speed of the engine in rpm
g = Acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2)
R = Mean radius of rope drum in meters

( D+2 d )

D =Diameter of brake drum

d= Diameter of rope
3. Total Fuel Consumption ( TFC)
TFC =

x
S

t 1000 3600 kg/hr

t = Time for x cc of fuel consumption in sec.

S = Specific Gravity of fuel(0.82 g/cc)
4. Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC)

SFC =

TFC
BP

kg / kW hr

TFC = Total Fuel Consumption in kg/hr

BP = Brake Power in kW
5. Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP)

BMEP =

BP 60
LAN
n
2

BP = Brake Power in kW
L = Length of stoke in meter
A = Area of cylinder in m2
d 2 / 4 , d is the diameter(Bore) of the cylinder
N = Rated speed of the engine in rpm
n = No. of cylinder
6. Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE)

BTE =

BP 3600
100
TFC C V

BP = Brake power in kW
TFC = Total fuel consumption in kg/hr
CV = Calorific value of fuel (45208.8 kJ/kg)
7. Indicated Power(IP)
IP = (BP+FP) kW
FP = Frictional power of engine (from graph TFC Vs BP)
Extended back ward the middle portion of the TFC Vs BP curve to intercept the
X axis in the negative direction to obtain the FP

8. Indicated Mean Effective Power(IMEP)

IMEP =

IP 60
LAN
n
2

kN/m2

IP = Indicated Power in kW
L = Length of stoke in meter
A = Area of cylinder in m2
d 2 / 4 , d is the diameter(Bore) of the cylinder
N = Rated speed of the engine in rpm
n = No. of cylinder
9. Indicated Thermal Efficiency (ITE)

ITE =

IP 3600
100
TFC CV

IP=Indicated Power in kW
CV = Calorific value of fuel (45208.8 kJ/kg)
TFC = Total fuel consumption in kg/hr
10. Mechanical Efficiency (ME)

ME =

BP
100
IP

BP = Brake power in kW
IP = Indicated Power in kW
GRAPHS

IMEP
BMEP

SFC
BP

BTE
ITE
ME

BP
Load
(kg)
Sl.
No

Net
load

kg

kg

kg

Engine
speed
N

Time for 10cc

of fuel rise
(Sec)
T1

Rpm

T2

Sec Sec Sec

1
2
3
4
5
6
MAXIMUM LOAD CALCULATION

OBSERVATIONS & TABULATION

Brake
Specific
Brake
Total fuel
mean
In
fuel
power consumption
effective
conception
(BP)
(TFC)
pressure
(SFC)
(BMEP)
kW

Kg/hr

Kg/kWhr

kN/m2

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS (Set Number:)

RESULT
To conduct a suitable test on single cylinder four stroke diesel engine under various
load conditions and to plot the following graphs
1. Total fuel consumption

(TFC)

vs.

Brake power(BP)

2. Break mean effective power (BMEP)

vs.

Brake power(BP)

3. Specific fuel consumption

(SFC)

vs.

Brake power(BP)

4. Brake thermal efficiency

(BTE)

vs.

Brake power(BP)

5. Indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP)

vs.

Brake power(BP)

6. Indicated thermal efficiency (ITE)

vs.

Brake power(BP)

7. Mechanical efficiency

vs.

Brake power(BP)

(ME)

The values of efficiencies obtained at maximum load are

Brake thermal efficiency
= ------------------------------Indicated thermal efficiency
= -------------------------------Mechanical efficiency
= --------------------------------INFERENCE