[Water Pump]

[1st September 2014]

BADULLA Muhammad Twaaha

CHINAPEN PARAMASEEVEN
JUGGURNAUTH ASHVIN

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Table of Contents
Introduction
.2
History of water
pumps
..2
Types of water
pumps
.3
How it
works
..4
Conclusion
6
Referencing
.7

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Introduction
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes
slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major
groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift,
displacement, and gravity pumps.
Pumps operate by some mechanism (typically reciprocating or rotary), and
consume energy to perform mechanical work by moving the fluid. Pumps
operate via many energy sources, including manual operation, electricity,
engines, or wind power, come in many sizes, from microscopic for use in
medical applications to large industrial pumps.
Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as pumping
water from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car
industry for water-cooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for
pumping oil and natural gas or for operating cooling towers. In the medical
industry, pumps are used for biochemical processes in developing and
manufacturing medicine, and as artificial replacements for body parts, in
particular the artificial heart and penile prosthesis.

History of water pumps

In 1854, a machinist in Connecticut (USA) named Daniel Halladay was
asked by a travelling salesman to invent a windmill for pumping water and
for other uses. At first, he was skeptical that there was a market for such a
device, but his work went well and he began manufacturing his new
invention in Connecticut in 1854 achieving success.
Early advertisement for Halladay windmills showed the greatly improved
quality of life that came from having an abundance of good water and from
the extra time available for profitable activities when pioneering farmers
were freed from the tiring work of pumping water with physical labor.
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Later on more sophisticated water pumps were invented by great

mathematicians namely Ctesibius, Frenchman Nicolas Grollier de
Servire and Pappenheim, a German engineer.

Types of water pumps

1. Velocity pumps
Rotodynamic pumps (or dynamic pumps) are a type of velocity pump in
which kinetic energy is added to the fluid by increasing the flow velocity. This
increase in energy is converted to a gain in potential energy (pressure) when
the velocity is reduced prior to or as the flow exits the pump into the
discharge pipe.

Dynamic pump

2. Positive displacement pump

A positive displacement pump makes a fluid move by trapping a fixed
amount and forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge
pipe.
Some positive displacement pumps use an expanding cavity on the
suction side and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows
into the pump as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid
flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is
constant through each cycle of operation.
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Positive displacement pump

How it works
The d.c motor is fitted into the water pipe, allowing the left and right
axles to rotate in such a way such water is propulsed upwards.
Therefore, the design of the armour on the armature is of great
importance so as the maximum upwards thrust is provided.

(Houzz, 2014)

The water pipe to be used, is the essential link between the pump and
the final container situated a height, h, above ground level. Thus,
based upon the relationship between the diameter of the pipe, and the
weight of water per feet, the appropriate diameter is chosen relative as
well to the current supplied to the d.c motor.

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(Hayya, 2010)

Piezoelectric Pressure Sensor: Piezoelectric crystals develop a potential

difference (i.e. voltage is induced across the surfaces) whenever they are
subjected to any mechanical pressure. These sensors have the crystal
mounted on a dielectric base so that there is no current leakage.

Graphical Representation of system

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Conclusion
Nowadays, most buildings comprise of storey homes, where the supply
of water is of utmost importance. Therefore, the design of such a water
pump, built-up on the principle of a d.c motor, facilitates this task. The
electronic part (the pressure sensor) is a simple circuit, therefore cheap
in cost. Our aim which is the study of the relationship between the
height of the reservoir and the current supplied to the motor, allows us
to determine the highest storey level achievable, at a base home
voltage of 240V.

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Reference
1. Australian Pump Manufacturers' Association. Australian Pump Technical
Handbook, 3rd edition. Canberra: Australian Pump Manufacturers'
Association, 1987. ISBN 0-7316-7043-4.
2. Hicks, Tyler G. and Theodore W. Edwards. Pump Application
Engineering. McGraw-Hill Book Company.1971. ISBN 0-07-028741-4
3. Pump classifications. Fao.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-25.
4. Submersible slurry pumps in high demand. Engineeringnews.co.za.
Retrieved on 2011-05-25.

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