SECTION 02271

ROCK RIP-RAP

PART 1 GENERAL
1.1
A.

DESCRIPTION OF WORK
The extent of rip-rap work is indicated on the drawings and includes furnishing,
placing and grouting of well graded gravel at the locations indicated and in
conformity with the lines, grades and thickness shown.
DELETE IF GEOTEXTILE MEMBRANE IS NOT REQUIRED.

B.

Where shown on drawings, the rock rip-rap is placed on a separating geotextile

membrane, placed and fixed on the surfaces of compacted embankments or
excavations.

C.

Related Work specified elsewhere:

1.

1.2
A.

Section 02200:

Earthwork

QUALITY ASSURANCE
Referenced Standards: Comply with the applicable portions of the following
standard to the extent referenced in this section. The latest issue at time of
award of contract shall apply.
VERIFY THE BELOW LISTED STANDARDS TO INSURE THEY ARE
CURRENT AND APPLY TO THIS PROJECT.
1.

American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO):
a.

T 96

Resistance to Abrasion of Small Size Coarse

Aggregate by use of the Los Angeles Machine

b.

T 104

Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate

or Magnesium Sulfate

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2.

B.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

a.

C 33

Specification for Concrete Aggregates

b.

C 97

Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Natural

Building Stone

c.

C 127

Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine

Aggregates

d.

C 136

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

e.

C 150

Specification for Portland Cement

f.

C 535

Test for Resistance to Degradation of Large-Size

Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los
Angeles Machine

Tests:
1.

Weight: Minimum weight shall be 2,560 kg/m 3 (160

lbs/ft ) obtained by multiplying bulk specific gravity of the stone particle
times 62.4 determined in accordance with ASTM C97.
3

C.

2.

Abrasion Resistance: AASHTO T 96 loss shall not

exceed 40% after 500 revolutions.

3.

Absorption Test:
Maximum absorption shall not
exceed 6% when tested in accordance with ASTM C 127.

4.

Soundness Test: AASHTO T 104 loss shall not

exceed
10%
after
5-cycles using sodium sulfate.

Minimum Test Frequency:

One test of weight determination for every 1000 m 3 of

1.
rip-rap material.
2.

One abrasion resistance and maximum absorption

test for every 1000 m3 of rip-rap material.

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One soundness test for every 2000 m 3 of rip-rap

3.
material.

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1.3

SUBMITTALS

A.

Test Reports:

B.

1.4

1.

Material source or sources shall be approved by the Royal Commission

based on test reports.

2.

Report shall include the name of the testing service, location of the
source, description of the material, and its properties. The report shall
include a statement by the testing service and the Contractor indicating
that the rip-rap conforms to the requirements of this specification.

Sample:
1.

The Contractor shall provide one sample pile of rock at the site, at least
one ton, meeting the gradation for the class approved by the Royal
Commission.

2.

The sample shall be part of the finished rip-rap protection work and shall
be used as a constant reference for judging the gradation of the rock
supplied thereafter.

SOURCES

A.

Rip-rap material sources shall be selected and provided by the Contractor and
approved by the Royal Commission before commencement of material
production.

B.

Past service records from specific sources shall be submitted by the Contractor
to the Royal Commission for evaluation.

1.5
A.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Material shall be stored at the quarry or in protected stockpiles until required for
placement.

PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1
A.

RIP-RAP MATERIAL
Rip-Rap material shall be stone that is hard, sound, durable,
nearly rectangular in shape, resistant to weathering and water action, and free
from over burden spoil and organic materials.

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B.

The particles shall not be excessively flaky or elongated.

Neither breadth nor thickness of any particle shall be less than one-third its
length.

C.

Rounded particle or boulders shall not exceed, in quantity, 20%

of the total weight.

D.

Rip-Rap Gradation:
1.

Rip-Rap shall be well graded from the maximum size

specified hereunder to one that is suitable to fill the voids between rocks.

2.

Each load of rip-rap shall be reasonably well graded

from the smallest to the maximum size required.

3.

The Royal Commission may determine the

acceptability of the gradation of rip-rap by requiring the Contractor to
separate a representative sample into piles of stone sized within the
specified weight range.
SELECT GRADATION FROM THE FOLLOWING TYPES OR MODIFY
TO SUIT THE PROJECT.

4.

Type I: The gradation of the rip-rap material shall be

within the limits of the following table:
Stone Weight
Kilograms

% Larger than
By Number

160
55
15
3

0
40 80
90 100
95 100
OR.

5.

Type II Gradation: The gradation shall be within the following limits:

a.

50 60% by weight shall be smaller

than 200 mm and larger than 75 mm.

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b.

40 50% by weight shall be smaller

than 100 mm and larger than 50 mm.

c.

Maximum 5% by weight passing sieve

No. 16 (1.18 mm).

2.2

CEMENT GROUT

A.

Cement: Portland Cement complying with ASTM C 150, Type V.

B.

Sand: Fine Aggregate complying with ASTM C 23.

C.

Water: Potable and Clean.

PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1

EARTHWORK

A.

Protection of utilities and underground

accomplished before commencing earthwork.

B.

Unless otherwise directed, carry out earthwork operation including

preparation and compaction of subgrade in full compliance with applicable
specified requirements of Section 02000 Earthwork.

C.

Prior to placement of bedding material or rip-rap, the Contractor shall

request inspection and approval by the Royal Commission of the prepared
surfaces.

3.2

structures

shall

be

PLACEMENT OF RIP-RAP
SELECT FROM THE FOLLOWING.

A.

Grouted Rip-Rap:
1.

Carry out the necessary earthwork and preparation of

subgrade to receive grouted rip-rap where indicated.

2.

Lay, spread and compact approved gravel material at

box culvert inlets and outlets and where indicated to lines and dimensions
indicated.

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3.

Stabilization of gravel bed shall be carried out by

grouting with sulfate-resistant cement and sand grout (1:3) and with
sufficient water to produce a plastic mix. Immediately after placing, the
grout shall be spaded and rodded into place with suitable spades, trowels
or another approved method and broomed into the spaces until the voids
are completely filled.

4.

Curing shall be carried out to the satisfaction of the

Royal Commission.
OR.

B.

Slope Protection of Embankments:

1.

Unless otherwise directed by Royal Commission, the

rip-rap shall be placed in conjunction with the construction of the
embankment and placement of the geotextile membrane with only
sufficient lag in construction of the rip-rap protection as may be necessary
to allow for proper placing of the geotextile membrane.

2.

The Contractor shall use such equipment and

methods so as to prevent damage to the geotextile membrane, on which
rock rip-rap is directly placed.

3.

Rip-Rap shall be placed to its full course thickness in

one operation in such a manner so as to produce a well graded, stable
mass without causing displacement of the underlying material.

4.

Placing of rip-rap by dumping into chutes and similar

methods likely to cause segregation or damages to the geotextile
membrane in place, shall not be permitted.

5.

The placement shall be such that individual large

particles shall have their weight supported by the underlying material and
not the adjacent particles in order to avoid formation of pockets of void
spaces.

6.

The larger stones shall be well distributed and the

entire mass of stone shall conform to the weight sizes specified herein.

7.

Materials for rip-rap protection shall be placed and

distributed in a manner that no large accumulations of either the larger or
smaller sizes of stones take place.

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8.

The minimum thickness of the rip-rap shall be at least

two times the average maximum size of the particle or greater, unless
shown otherwise on the drawings.

9.

Rip-rap shall be placed directly on the membrane.

Rip-rap shall not be allowed to roll down the slope over the membrane.

10.

The placement method shall result in a compact mass

in which all sizes of material are placed in their proper proportions. Hand
placing or re-arranging of individual stones by mechanical equipment may
be required when found necessary by the Royal Commission.

11.

The desired distribution of the various sizes of stones

throughout the mass may be obtained, at the option of the Contractor,
either by selective loading at the quarry, controlled dumping of successive
loads during placing, or a combination of these methods.

12.

Tolerance: The complete work shall be to the lines

and grades as shown on the accepted shop drawings. A tolerance of +
150 mm (6) from the final thicknesses indicated will be allowed in the
finished surfaces of the rip-rap protection except that either extreme of
such tolerance shall not be continuous over an area greater than 46.5 m 2
(500
ft2).
The
tolerance
will be determined on the basis of the average surface elevation with
0.1 m2 (2 ft2).

13.

The Contractor shall maintain the rip-rap protection

until accepted and any material displaced by any cause shall be replaced
to the lines shown on the drawings at no additional cost to Royal
Commission.

+ + END OF SECTION 02271 + +

RCMYAS Guide Spec.

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Contract No.