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http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/flexible-ac-transmission-system-what-and-why
FACTS is the acronym for Flexible AC Transmission Systems and refers to a group of resources used to overcome certain limitations in the
static and dynamic transmission capacity of electrical networks.
Parallel Compensation
Any type of reactive power compensation employing either switched or controlled units that are connected in
parallel to the transmission network at a power system node.
a) Mechanically switched capacitors (MSC) and mechanically switched reactors (MSR) connected to the transmission system; b,c) Static Var
compensator (SVC) with three branches (TCR, TSC, filter) and coupling transformer
When system voltage is low, the SVC supplies capacitive reactive power and raises the network voltage. When
system voltage is high, the SVC generates inductive reactive power and reduces the system voltage.
Static Var Compensators perform the following tasks:
1. Improvement in voltage quality
2. Dynamic reactive power control
3. Increase in system stability
4. Damping of power oscillations
5. Increase in power transfer capability
6. Unbalance control (option)
The design and configuration of an SVC, including the size of the installation, operating conditions and losses,
depend on the system condition (weak or strong), the system configuration (meshed or radial) and the tasks to be
performed.
Parallel operation of converter modules is also possible, resulting in higher ratings. The footprint of an SVC PLUS
installation is smaller than a conventional SVC installation of the same rating.
Series Compensation
Series compensation is defined as insertion of reactive power element into transmission lines.
The most common application is the fixed series capacitor (FSC). Thyristor-valve controlled systems (TCSC) and
thyristor-valve protected systems (TPSC) may also be installed.
a) Fixed series compensation (FSC) connected to the network; b,c) Thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) connected to the network
By combining the TPSC with an external reactor, this combination can now be used as short-circuit current limiter
(SCCL).
In case of a system fault, the thyristor valve will be fired, by passing the series capacitor. The corresponding shortcircuit current will be limited by the reactor to the design values.
SOURCE: Siemens Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)