MANAGING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 7 MANAGERIAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS

By Group 9 :
1. Afif Maulana Firdaus

(F0213002)

2. Ignatius Fendy

(F0213050)

3. Rizqi Anis Sholehah

(F0213092)

FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
2015

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

Decision support systems (DSS) are interactive software-based systems intended to help
managers in decision-making by accessing large volumes of information generated from various
related information systems involved in organizational business processes, such as office
automation system, transaction processing system, etc.
DSS uses the summary information, exceptions, patterns, and trends using the analytical models.
A decision support system helps in decision-making but does not necessarily give a decision
itself. The decision makers compile useful information from raw data, documents, personal
knowledge, and/or business models to identify and solve problems and make decisions.
DATA MINING
Data mining is a process of pattern and relationship discovery within largesets of data. The
context encompasses several fields, including patternrecognition, statistics, computer science,
and database management. Thusthe definition of data mining largely depends on the point of
view of thewriter giving the definitions. For example, from the perspective of patternrecognition,
data mining is defined as the process of identifying valid, novel,and easily understood patterns
within the data set.
GROUP SUPPORT SYSTEMS
An interactive computer-based system used to facilitate the solution of unstructured problems
A set of decision makers working together as a group.
GDSS make meetings more productive by providing tools to facilitate planning, generating,
organizing, and evaluating ideas; establishing priorities; and documenting meeting proceedings
for others in the firm.
Originally developed for meetings in which all participants are in the same room.But nowadays
used for networked meetings in which participants' are in different locations.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking,
and displaying data related to positions on Earths surface. GIS can show many different kinds of
data on one map. This enables people to more easily see, analyze, and understand patterns and
relationships.
With GIS technology, people can compare the locations of different things in order to discover
how they relate to each other. For example, using GIS, the same map could include sites that
produce pollution, such as gas stations, and sites that are sensitive to pollution, such as wetlands.
Such a map would help people determine which wetlands are most at risk.
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GIS can use any information that includes location. The location can be expressed in many
different ways, such as latitude and longitude, address, or ZIP code. Many different types of
information can be compared and contrasted using GIS. The system can include data about
people, such as population, income, or education level. It can include information about the land,
such as the location of streams, different kinds of vegetation, and different kinds of soil. It can
include information about the sites of factories, farms, and schools, or storm drains, roads, and
electric power lines.
Issues for Information Systems
Initially business applications of GISs are introduced to a company to espouse a single
user. Unfortunately, the power of GISs couldnt be loaded, and quickly spreads within and across
groups. Internal resources are the sources of data for GISs such as customer database and
warehouse locations and external ones such as street networks and advertising media market
maps purchased data from vendor. Ongoing developments in geographic technology consists of :

more advanced graphics, especially three dimensional and dynamic modeling to simulate
movement hrough time and space.
geography in yout hand, the spatial technologies into handheld device for customer use in
location-based service.
linking spatial ability with wireless ability, not just to data access but can deployment and
redeployment of the right assets.
radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies, urging the new applications of spatial
location to inexpensive objects.
utilize of spatial technologies to tame our of control data warehouses.

EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS/BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS

The system delivers online current information about business conditions in an aggregate form
easily accessible to senior executives and other managers is the key concept behind an executive
information system (EIS). This systems used directly by these managers without the assistance of
intermediaries. Initially, EISs were developed for two or three top executive levels in the firm,
but that caused many problems of data disparity between the layers of management. Now, the
user base in most companies has been broadened to encompass all levels of management in the
firmand sometimes even managers in customer and supplier organizations. Thehands-on tool
that focuses, filters, and organizes an executives information he or she can make more effective
use of it is called EIS.
All of these core components and modules may be deployed individually or as part of
thefull suite. Also available from Infor is a performance management solution designed for small
to midsized businesses named Infor PM Business Edition. The client for Infor PM is simply a
Web browser.
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KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

A systems that enable individuals and organizations to enhance learning, improve
performance, and hopefully, produce longterm sustainable competitive advantage is called
Knowledge Management Systems (KMSs). In other words, a KMS is a system for managing
organizational knowledge. It is designed to support communities of practice focusing on different
key knowledge areas in this case the KMS enables connections from people to people, people to
knowledge, people to tools. To facilitate and support knowledge management (KM) activities,
the KMSs is utilize various hardware and software applications. Knowledge Management is a set
of management practices that is practical and actionoriented. KM trades on recognizing the
knowledge held by individuals and the firm. So, a KMS is the technology or vehicle that
facilitates the sharing and transferring of knowledge for the goal of propagating and reusing
valuable knowledge that, once applied, enhances learning and improves performance.
Recently, KM received so much attention and so many projects labeled KM projects.
There are two explanations to describe this problem. First, one trigger leading to the
development of KM projects is related to firm valuation. For example, Microsofts net value was
estimated by examining its market value based on stock prices minus net assets. To differentiate
themselves from others and to compete effectively in the marketplace there should be awareness
and consensus knowledge or intellectual in the firms, and this has led to a proliferation of KMSs
for managing knowledge assets. Second, the benefits KM and KMS to a given firm are
operational improvements and market improvements. Operational improvements focus on
internal activities and cost savings, efficient processes, change management processes, and
knowledge reuse. In the other hand, market improvements focus on external activities such as
performance cost savings, and customer satisfaction.
The purpose of a KMS is to open into the knowledge of the individual and the
organization and spread widely it throughout the firm to derive operational and market
improvements. There are three KMS characteristicsto describe KMS: first, the extent to which
there is formal management and control of the KMS; second, the focus of the KM processes,
such as knowledge creation, capture, organization and packaging, access, search and
dissemination, and application; and third, the extent to which reusability of knowledge is
considered. COP KMS provides a vehicle to allow members of such a community to exchange
ideas, tips, and other knowledge that might be valuable to the members of the community. In
other hand, a KMS might have extensive formal management and control. These dedicated
resources ensure that knowledge content entered into the KMS has been thoroughly examined
and that it will meet the 8020 rule. This discussion does not imply that a KMS must be
characterized as binarythat is, having either little or extensive formal management and control,
knowledge processing, or knowledge reusability. Although KMSs are still growing with much
room for advancement, many firms observe their KMS evolving from one form to another as
they learn from their experience and as their strategic needs and resources change. In addition,
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they find a strategic need to continue their efforts to unveil the hidden treasures within and
outside their organizational boundaries.
Two Recent KMS Initiativees within a Pharmaceytical Firm
To develop an organization-wide KMS serving multiple communities of practice a team
KM is forming. Combination of software and processes is used to operation of community.
Every community has a designated coordinator whose job is to ensure that the community
thrives. The coordinator have many function likes welcoming new members, developing and
defending standards of conduct and standards for knowledge within the community, defending
the community calendar, controlling the discussion forums, certifing that the knowledge in the
community is appropriate, and serving as the primary point of contact and external ambassador
for the community. The three most commonly used tools to support the communities of practice
are the discussion forum, tips, and calendar. A tool that enables question and answer discussions
among members of the community is called the discussion forum. Any member of the
community can pose a question or a request in the discussion forum. To write a short entry that
documents some best practice advice that the contributor believes might be of interest to the
community as a whole the community can use the tips. Members of the community typically email the coordinator with suggested calendar items, which the coordinator posts. Typical
calendar items include face to-face meetings held by part or all of the community
Field Sales KMS : To lead the development of the field sales KMS a different KM team is
formed. KMS teams mission was to design and build both the content and the structure of the
KMS. Sales operations and brand management would develop initial drafts of the knowledge
content, which they would available to the KM team. To be the primary knowledge repository
used by the field sales representatives and the sales managers the system is designed. For the
information, all knowledge communication with the field sales representatives was expected to
be conducted through the field sales KMS. A formal four-step process was therefore developed
for validating all content sent in from the field sales representatives. First reviewed by the KM
team itself to make sure the content was coherent and complete. Next, the tip was submitted to
the legal group to ensure that the content. Then the tip was sent to the brand management team to
ensure that it was consistent with the marketing strategy for the drug. Last, the tip was sent to the
sales operations group for peer review by a panel of five sales representatives to ensure that the
contribution had real value.

ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE
The idea of artificial intelligence (AI) , the study of how to make computers do things that are
currently done better by people. AI research has envolved into six separate but related areas,
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these are natural languages, robotics, perceptive system, genetic programming, expert systems
and neural networks.
The work in natural languages, primarily in computer science departments in universities and in
vendor laboratories. Robotics was consider in the previous chapter. Perceptive system research
involves creating machines possessing a visual and/or aural perceptual ability that affects their
physical behavior. The expert systems branch is concerned with building systems that
incorporate the decision making logic of a human expert.
EXPERT SYSTEMS
To design expert system, a specialist known as a knowledge engineer works very closely with
one or more experts in the area under study. Knowledge engineers try to learn everything they
can abaout the way in which the expert makes decisions.
NEURAL NETWORKS
Neural networks attempt to tease out meaningful patterns from vast amounts of data. Neural
networks can recognize patterntoo abscure for humans to detect and they adapt as new
information is received. Neural networls are also being to manage portofolio. Neural networks
have also been used to forecast the number of admissions to a hospital on a given day and to
discover relationships among the admissions data that are not otherwise visible.
VIRTUAL REALITY
Virtual reality or VR refers to the use of computer based systems to create an environment that
seems real to one or more sense of the human user or users. Virtual reality has proved
particularly useful for training and design activities and it is increasingly being used for
marketing on the web.