Birth orders affect on

student/parent communication
By: Braydon Graf, Jessica Tidwell, Rebecca Liset Rivet, and Zarina Leiva

Table of Contents
Abstract
Literature Review
Methods
Findings
Discussion
Bibliography
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C

Abstract
Open and effective communication
is the key to healthy family relationships. The way an individual is raised
affects how they choose to communicate with their parents once they
leave the home. The question behind
this study is how often do students
of different birth order communicate
with their parents at BYU- Idaho?
Research gives precedence to this
study in many ways. Differences in
children of different birth orders are
very apparent (3). Firstborns seek approval from their parents (1) and are
more likely to struggle with depression due to jealousy (2) while middle
children commonly lose their sense
of self and are more likely to cause
parental conflict (3).
This study determines that BYU-Idaho students do indeed communicate
differently with their parents based
on their birth order. Oldest children
communicate with their parents the
most over all, even when married
(Finding #1 and #4). Oldest children
also communicate most just to talk
with their parents while youngest

and middle children communicate

more because their parents want to
talk (Finding #2 and #3). It is also
reported that youngest men have the
most positive relationship with their
parents (Finding #5).
This study goes to show that oldest
children still rely on their parents
very much.This also goes to show
that being the last child in the home
can have a very positive or negative
effect. Through the study of birth order and communication, discoveries
are brought to surface that can help
explain how to make parent/child
communication more effective.

FootNotes
1. The Birth Order Effect.
2. Linkages Between
Parents Differential
Treatment, Youth Depressive Symptoms, And Sibling
Relationships.
3. How Does Birth Order
Effect Relationships?

Literature Review
Before the study was conducted, a number of other
case studies were reviewed
to get an understanding of
the current research that has
already been done in the area
of communication and birth
order.
It is widely recognized that
communication is a large
component to everyday life.
It comes in many forms and
has evolved over the years.
New ways of communicating
between two people include
the use of technology. Popular uses such as email, text,
video communication and
social media have expanded
the reach of communication
to around the world. Now
that communication is so accessible in todays world, the
study looks at how the birth

their parents among the students

at Brigham Young University-Idaho.
One recent study showed that
along with birth order, the age at
which children are introduced
to new technologies can impact
the different ways everyone
communicates. Of every form
of communication, face-to-face
communication still remains the
most common to convey messages in relationships between
parent and child. Older children
have been found to communicate
using older forms such as phone
calls and e-mail more often than
younger children. And the opposite occurs when there is the use
of social networking sites and
also the use of text messaging.
Younger children are adapting to
new changes in communication
compared to older children that

order of children affects the

communication with

are content with the forms of

communication that they already
have. (1)

Literature Review
(cont)From the study called The

The middle child is also more

Birth Order Effect, there are
prone to have a little strugmany situations that are exgle to find their own identity
plained as to how each child in from the oldest and get their
a family acts according to their voice heard in the family.
order of birth. For the first born The last-born, or youngest
child, the parents anticipate
child in the family is most
every action down to the birth, likely to question the order
first walk, talking and other first of authority and become the
achievements. Theyve been
most rebellious child. There
showered with attention and
are many factors that also
identify strongly with power.
correlate to the actions of the
Firstborns are also more prone
youngest child. The youngest
to seek after approval of their
child has also been known
parents and to obtain a sense of to choose different paths
high placement between other
then all of their older sibsiblings. (2)
lings in an effort to become
The study also showed the
independent and to avoid
comparison of the middle child any competition with power.
as being neither the precious,
Other studies have looked
able, oldest, nor the vulnerable
into the aspect of how the
youngest. Their strength is that parents treat and react to the
they learn to be more flexible
birth order of their children.
and sociable, to compromise
and build coalitions.

Individuals of different birth

orders are treated differently
by their

Literature Review
(cont)
parents and therefore value
themselves at different levels
based on how their parents
treat their siblings. In one
study it stated that this is the
foundation of ones ego for the
rest of their lives. (3)
It turns out that differential
treatment of those of different
birth orders affected sibling
relationships. First-borns are
often treated with the most
warmth and love until another sibling is born. Because of
this comparison of differential treatment, first-borns will
often decrease the warmth
they give to their younger sibling and this can last a whole
lifetime. First-borns also tend
to be most affected and have
the most intense depressive
symptoms due to differential

They are most likely to act out

in sibling relationships when
they feel unfairly treated. This
act is mostly to get the attention
they want. It was found that
second-born children had less
intense depressive symptoms
due to differential treatment
comparisons.
This study gives an understanding that there are indeed
differences in the relationships
between parents and children
of different birth order. It also
makes clear that oldest children,
although most warmly treated
at first, are most like to be jealous and obtain more intense depressive symptoms. Along with
that, the study also showed the
understanding that second born
children are more likely to perform and act out for attention

treatment comparison. On the

other hand, second-born children are most likely to be the
cause of parental conflict.

and less likely to have intense

depressive symptoms caused by
jealousy. Because relationships
between parent and child are
different based on birth

Literature Review
(cont)
order children of different
birth order have different
views of their parents depending on how they were
treated by their parents. (4)
How different children are
treated by their parent can
have large effects on how
each child interact with one
another. Each child will show
different attitudes and roles in
their families. The following
are some characteristics that
were found in one study.
There are specific characteristics that are common among
members of specific birth
orders. First of all comes the
first-born child. A first-born
is most likely to be ambitious,
organized, and dominant in
relationships. The difference
between a male and female
oldest child is apparent.

Female first-borns tend to be

characterized as aggressive,
confident, and bossy while male
first-borns tend to be a takecharge type of leader. These
differences are apparent in the
different family studied in this
study. Middle children are characterized and easygoing and
most likely to be willing to compromise. It is said that they can
get along with anyone. The middle class birth order is the least
defined of all the birth orders because it is so fluid. Middle children can also be secretive due to
their people-pleasing facade.
Last-born children are the babies
of the family. They are often taken care of by their parents much
longer than the other children in
the family.

Literature Review
(cont)

Because of this, last-born children

tend to be more needy and interdependent. Last-born children tend to
be less responsible and less strong
willed. They are normally less likely
to take charge.
Last but not least, we have only children. They seem to be spotlight hogs.
They tend to become more mature
because they spend so much time
with adults rather than their non-existent siblings. They can be responsible and determined as well. (5)

FootNotes
1. New communication technologies
impact on young adults
2. The Birth Order Effect.
3. Linkages Between Parents Differential Treatment, Youth Depressive
Symptoms, And Sibling Relationships.
4. Parenting Style and Personality:
Perceptions of Mothers, Fathers, and
Adolescents.
5. How Does Birth Order Effect Relationships?

Methods

A study was formulated to make

conclusions off of the basis that birth
order affects communication with
parents. A survey was created to
gather data on what form of communication students use and how often
they communicate with their parents
depending on their birth order.
An email was sent out to 300 randomly selected BYU-I students explaining the nature of the survey. The
email also explained that the survey
was optional

and that students did not have to answer any questions they did not feel
comfortable answering. Using Qualtrics to formulate the survey, 11 questions were asked of the participants
to answer. The questions asked were
to be answered using a slide indicator
from 1 to 5 to measure how students
would rate each question negatively
or positively. Some of the questions
were also asked to determine where
each student fell in line of the family
such as gender, birth order, etc.

The survey questions were as follows:

Question 1. What is your gender?
Question 2. In which order were you born in your family?
Question 3. What year in college are you?
Question 4. What is your marital status?
Question 5. Which phrase best describes how often you call your parents?
Question 6. Which phrase best describes how often you text your parents?
Question 7. Which phrase best describes how often you email your parents?
Question 8. Which phrase best describes how often you interact with your parents on Facebook/ Twitter or other social media?
Question 9. Which phrase best describes how often you visit your parents while
living at school?
Question 10. For what reasons do you communicate with your parents?
Question 11. How do you review your relationship with your parents?

Methods
(cont) The survey was sent through email

the 300 students, the total number of

to 300 students. The email was sent a responses collected all together was
total of two times. From the first time 80 surveys. Once results were collectthe email was sent out, 48 responsed, cross tabulations and statistical
es were recorded. After the second
tests were performed to analyze the
email with the survey was resent to
significance of the data.

Findings

Finding #1

Oldest children communicate with their parents the most overall.

Of the three birth orders recorded oldest children had the highest reported overall communication. According to the average of all forms of communication between oldest, middle,
and youngest children, the oldest children had the highest average. The average is not very
much higher in oldest children but although it is not a large amount higher than youngest
and middle child it is still interesting and statistically significant. Once a regression analysis
or R squared test was performed it can see be seen that birth order is about 4 % responsible
for how often a child communicates with their parents. The condensed answers of oldest
children on the above graph show that oldest children communicate most with their parents.

Finding #2

Oldest children communicate more just to talk

While looking at the dark blue bar on the

above chart, it is visible that youngest and
middle children communicate at about the
same frequency in terms of calling their
parents just to talk. Oldest children report
this being the reason they communicate most
often and report communicating just to talk
at slightly higher averages than youngest and
middle children. For this to be calculated, a
question on the distributed survey asked on
a scale of 1 to 5 to which the degree participants agreed that they called for each reason.
To come to the conclusion that oldest chil

dren communicate most just to talk the

collected data was analyzed. The averages of
how much each birth order agreed with the
statement were taken into account and compared. The higher each average, the more these
individuals agreed with each statement. Once
the averages were arranged under each birth
order, it was apparent which reasons were the
highest in each birth order. On the chart it
is clear to see by the dark blue bar that just
to talk was the highest self-reported reason
under every birth order but oldest children
showed a significant increase.

Finding #3

Youngest and middle children report communicating because

parents want to talk more than oldest children.

Both Middle and youngest children report

higher levels of their reason for communication as being parents want to talk than
oldest children. Middle children report the
highest averages but they are extremely close
to those of youngest children. This is clearly shown on the chart in the medium blue
color. While youngest and middle children

asked to report on the degree to which they

agreed most with each reason for communication with their parents. One reason offered
was that parents want to talk to them. Once
each person reported we took the average,
the highest number meaning that they most
agreed with the statement, and then assigned
it to each birth order. Once the chart was

are fairly close in terms of their averages in

parents wanting to talk to them if we look
under oldest it is visibly lower than the other
two birth orders. Each birth order was

completed it was visible which birth orders

communicated for which reason.The chart
depicts that youngest and middle children
communicated more because their parents
want to talk.

Finding #4

Married oldest children communicate most overall

Based on the averages taken, the birth order

and marital status group that reported having the highest level of communication overall were married oldest children. This part
of the study was broken up into the categories of youngest, middle, and oldest. It was
then broken up into the categories of single,
engaged, or married. Each student reported
on how often they communicated with their

through different forms of social media. They

were then averaged out and each average was
assigned to the appropriate birth order. They
were then also assigned and organized by
marital status. The data was then placed onto
a bar chart that is shown above. The grey bar
shows amount of communication between
parent and child by those that are married.
This graph shows that married oldest chil-

parents depending on different methods of

communication. The methods of measured
communication that students reported on
were methods such as talking on the phone,
texting, emailing, and communicating

dren are highest overall in terms of the most

communication overall by birth order. Married oldest are followed closely by engaged
youngest students as well as engaged middle
children.

Finding #5

Youngest men report having the most positive relationship with

their parents.

Of all the birth order groups and gender

groups youngest men reported having the
overall most positive relationship with their
parents. We asked students to rank the level
of positivity and how they perceived their relationship with their parents. The scores were
taken and averaged. The higher the average

sorted in that manner it was then sorted into

each birth order. We then turned the data
into a chart. When we look at the chart it is
clear that the tallest blue column above the
birth order youngest is the largest average
overall. This was surprising because it is often perceived that women would have better

the more positive each category viewed their

relationship with their parents. Each average
was then sorted by gender in this case, male
or female. After it was

relationships with their parents but in two

out of the three birth orders men reported
overall more positive relationships with their
parents.

Discussion
The research in this project shed
some light on some surprising and
informative findings that lead to conclusions that most people would not
come to. In reference to the Finding
#1, it was determined that oldest
children still need their parents. Most
people assume that oldest children
grow up to ignore parents and become independent of them. Oldest
children are stereotyped to be set in
their ways and not care what their
parents have to say. They commonly
go out on their own and rebel against
what they were taught growing up
because they want to be their own
person and not rely on their parents.
With this self-governing attitude,
oldest children are assumed to have
less communication with their parents but this study shows that oldest
children at BYU- Idaho communicate more with their parents than
students of any other birth order.
Oldest children still need and rely on

demonstrated their need for their

parents.
Most people assumed that youngest and middle children are most
attached to their parents. This is
most likely because they commonly
spend the longest time in their parents homes when parents have more
parental experience and developed
parental strategies. Youngest children
and stereotyped to be most attached
to their parents because of their
dependence and strong relationship
with their parents. On the other
hand, middle children are known to
be closest friends with their parents
due to mutual respect. In contradiction, this research shows that middle
and youngest children are most likely
to only talk to their parents when
their parents want to talk. Youngest
are middle children want more independence than most people assume.
The research shows that youngest
and middle children are significantly

their parents. Finding # 2 shows that

firstborns are most likely to call their
parents just to talk than children of
any other birth order and this also

more likely to talk to their parents

just because their parents are on the
other end of the phone wanting information from them. This could be

Discussion
(Cont)

explained by a lack of thoughtfulness of the younger members of the

family. Oldest children are expected,
from a young age, to help out around
the house and with younger children. They are expected to foresee
the needs of others in the family and
meet those needs. Middle and youngest children on the other hand, have
less of this caring expectation placed
on them and this could affect their
thoughtfulness toward talking with
their parents once they leave home.
It is clear that youngest and middle
children want more independence
once they move out of their parents
house than assumed.
Communication is a two way endeavor. Its definition included the
exchange of information, and an
exchange must include two parties. A
common human need is to communicate with others so it is self-explanatory that it could be to ones family.

and middle children are more likely

than oldest children to talk with their
parents because their parents want
to talk. It is possible that parents are
more attached to their youngest and
middle children and feel the need to
reach out to them more. This can be
explained in many way. A simple explanation could be that youngest and
middle children do have positive relationships with their parents but just
wait for their parents to reach out to
them rather than showing initiative,
or calling themselves. This does not
necessarily mean that these youngest
and middle children do not want to
talk to their parents, it could simply
mean that they dont take initiative
to do so. Another possible explanation could be insecurity of parents.
In relationships, we commonly see
the more insecure partner reaching
out more often to the other partner.
This could shows that parents may

Parents reach out to their children

and children reach out to their parents for different reasons. The study
shows, in Finding #3 that youngest

feel more pressure to reach out to

their youngest and middle children
because those children dont take the
initiative to reach out to them.

Discussion
(Cont)

Parents try to balance out the

amount of communication, and
youngest and middle children let
them.
The study shows that oldest children
at BYU- Idaho communicate most
just to talk and this increased communication continues after they are
married. Finding #4 shows that out
of students of all birth orders and all
relationship status, oldest, married
children communicate most with
parents. A possible theory behind
this is that oldest children, being
firstborns, were in their parent home
when the parents were least experience. It seems that with firstborn
children, parents have to do a lot of
guessing and checking and testing
out which strategies work best because parents are inexperienced at
this point. This could translate to
oldest children feeling like they have
a lack of experience in family raising

This increased contact with parents

gives these students the opportunity
to ask their parents questions and
discover what their parents strategy
would be to solving new problems
that come up. This increases dependence on parents by oldest married
children is surprising. Being an
oldest child alone normally means
wanting distance from parents which
sometimes includes independence,
rebelliousness, and self-governing
behavior. Being married also is expected to translate into more independent and self-reliant behavior. It
is interesting to discover that at BYUIdaho, and maybe in the general
public, we may wrongly assume the
attitudes of oldest married children.
The two characteristics that are commonly are most independent actually
communicate most with their parents.
Finding #5 shows that youngest male

strategies. Oldest married children

may feel that they need more contact
with their parents because they feel
clueless in how to manage and nurture a successful marriage.

students report having the most positive relationship with parents. The
study shows that youngest male students have significantly more positive
relationships with their parents

Discussion
(Cont)
than those of any other birth order
and gender. Specifically, these youngest men have a relationship that is
significantly more positive than those
of youngest female students. The
first surprising aspect of this finding is that a youngest child reports
the most positive relationship. It is
assumed that youngest children get
the pleasant opportunity of developing the most mutual respect with
their parents. This is most commonly
because youngest children have the
opportunity to stay in the home with
their parents after all other siblings
have moved out. This extra time of
bonding and individual attention
allows for closer relationships and
more open communication between
parent and child. If this were the
entire explanation though, both male
and female youngest students would
have significantly more positive
relationships with their parents. On

The significant difference in report

of positive relationship between
males and females of the youngest
birth order is an interesting concept.
This could be explained by female
children having an increased likelihood for rebellion. Most people
assume that females are more likely
to communicate openly about feelings and concerns than males. This
is another reason why this finding
is surprising. It is possible that this
openness with parents is what rubs
them the wrong way as they raise
their youngest child. It is possible
that by this point in time, parents are
a lot older and have a lot less patience
for questions and challenges, which
females seem more likely to present.
This could lead to annoyance of parents of lack to the need to put in effort to communicate with a youngest
daughter. On the other hand, parents
could be trying harder to reach out

some occasions, the youngest child

resents the fact that they have to stay
in the home longer than the others
and this creates a large wedge between parent and child.

to their young men because they feel

that these young men are too distant
due to the manly lack of communication.

Discussion
(Cont)

This extra effort put in by parents

could create this positive parent/child
relationship that youngest men are
reporting.
The original question presented in
this study was How does birth order
effect communication with parents?
To this question, this study finds
many answers. The 5 main findings
are the most striking answers that
were discovered. The first discovery was that oldest children communicate most with their parents.
This surprising finding brought the
realization that oldest children at
BYU-Idaho are not as independent
as most assume. The second finding
shows that oldest children are most
likely to communicate with their
parents just to talk while the third
finding outlines that youngest and
middle children communicate more
because their parents want to talk to
them. For each birth order, the most

children were significantly more likely to ask for money than youngest
and middle children. BYU-Idaho
students of different birth orders
communicate with their parents
for many reasons and these finding
help it to be determined how those
reasons vary based on birth order.
Finding #4 shows us that married
oldest children communicate with
their parents more than those of any
other birth order and relationship
status. Relationship status and birth
order both affect how often students
communicate with their parents. This
study shows that in youngest and
middle children, engaged individuals communicate most with parents
while oldest children communicate
more when married rather than
engaged. The final finding of this
study demonstrates that youngest
men report significantly more positive relationships with their parents

common reason to communicate

with parents was just to talk. When
it came to asking for money, oldest

than those of any other birth order or

gender. Birth order and gender both
affect communication with parents

Discussion
(Cont)
and the combination of the two
demonstrates interesting principles
of how men and women of different
birth orders communicate and how
positive they view their relationship
with their parents. In conclusion,
birth order affects communication
with parents on many levels and this
study brings social scientists, students, and parents one step closer to
understanding exactly how.

Bibliography
The Birth Order Effect. Psychologies 5 July 2012. Print. https://psychologies.co.uk/family/thebirth-order-effect.html
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Asian American and European American College Students. Thesis. University of Michigan,
2012. Print. http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/91780/satsun.pdf
Gfroerer, Kelly P., Roy M. Kern, William L. Curlette, Joanna White, and Jolita Jonynien. Parenting Style and Personality: Perceptions of Mothers, Fathers, and Adolescents. Journal of Individual Psychology 67.1 (2011): 57-73. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
Whiteman, Shawn D., Susan M. Mchale, and Ann C. Crouter. Family Relationships From Adolescence to Early Adulthood: Changes in the Family System Following Firstborns Leaving
Home. Journal of Research on Adolescence (Wiley-Blackwell) 21.2 (2011): 461-74. Web. 19 Feb.
2015.
Hofer, Barbara K. Student-Parent Communication in the College Years: Can Students Grow up
on an Electronic Tether? The Bulletin 78.2 (2011). Web. 19 Feb. 2015. <http://www.acui.org/
publications/bulletin/article.aspx?issue=28134&id=14773>.
Shanahan, Lilly, et al. Linkages Between Parents Differential Treatment, Youth Depressive
Symptoms, And Sibling Relationships. Journal Of Marriage & Family 70.2 (2008): 480-494. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
New communication technologies impact on young adults (Pew Research Centers Internet
American Life Project RSS)
http://www.pewinternet.org/2008/05/15/new-communication-technologies-impact-on-young-adults/

Bibliography
(Cont)
Schipani, Denise. How Does Birth Order Affect Relationships? Womans Day. Web. 19 Feb.
2015. <http://www.womansday.com/sex-relationships/dating-marriage/how-does-birth-order-affect-relationships-107592>.
Google Books (Google Books) https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=9uFT080FcRkC&oi=fnd&pg=PR
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https://www.ncfr.org/members-stories/unique-intergenerational-interactions-long-distance-relationships-adult-children-and

Appendices
Appendix A: Survey
1. What is your gender?
a. Male
b. Female
2. In which order were you born into your
family?
a. Youngest Child
b. Middle Child
c. Oldest Child
3. What year in college are you?
a. Freshman
b. Sophomore
c. Junior
d. Senior
4. What is your marital status?
a. Single
b. Engaged
c. Married
5. Which phrase best describes how often
you call
your parents?
a. Never
b. Less than Once a Month
c. Once a Month
d. 2-3 Times a Month
e. Once a Week
f. 2-3 Times a Week
g. Daily
6. Which phrase best describes how often
you text your parents?
a. Never
b. Less than Once a Month
c. Once a Month
d. 2-3 Times a Month
e. Once a Week
f. 2-3 Times a Week
g. Daily

7. Which phrase best describes how often you

email your parents?
a. Never
b. Less than Once a Month
c. Once a Month
d. 2-3 Times a Month
e. Once a Week
f. 2-3 Times a Week
g. Daily
8.Which phrase best describes how often you interact with your parents on Facebook/ Twitter or
other social media?
a. Never
b. Less than Once a Month
c. Once a Month
d. 2-3 Times a Month
e. Once a Week
f. 2-3 Times a Week
g. Daily
9. Which phrase best describes how often you visit
your parents while living at school?
a. Never (Unable)
b. Never (Unwilling)
c. Once a Year or Less
d. Several Times a Year
e. Once a Month
f. 2-3 Times a Month
g. Once a Week
h. 2-3 Times a Week
i. Daily

Appendix A: Survey
(Cont)
10. For what reasons do you communicate with your parents? (rate 1 to 5)
a. Just to Talk
1, 2, 3, 4, 5



b. To ask for Money
1, 2, 3, 4, 5




c. Because you are Stressed
1, 2, 3, 4, 5




d. Because you have a Question

1, 2, 3, 4, 5



e. Because you are Bored

1, 2, 3, 4, 5




f. Because your Parents want to talk to you
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
11. How do you view your relationship with your parents?
a. Negative
b. Somewhat Negative
c. Neutral
d. Somewhat Positive
e. Positive

Appendix B: Results

Appendix B: Results
(Cont)

Appendix B: Results
(Cont)

Appendix B: Results
(Cont)

Appendix B: Results
(Cont)

Appendix B: Results
(Cont)

Appendix B: Results
(Cont)

Appendix B: Results
(Cont)

Appendix C: Responses
Response ID Respondent Response Type Start Time
End Time
Duration
Actions

R_3NJWbS8r53GGERF
216.36.25.113 IP Address 12 Feb 201511:59 AM 12 Feb 201512:01
PM 1m 38s

R_2902cYxezaeJnU0 205.185.99.142 IP Address 12 Feb 201512:00 PM 12 Feb 201512:02 PM 1m
39s

R_2EtlO3EAcdYidme 205.185.99.52 IP Address 12 Feb 201512:13 PM 12 Feb 201512:15 PM 1m
51s

R_271pM06M9Qe1gBm
157.201.112.56 IP Address 12 Feb 201512:21 PM 12 Feb 201512:22
PM 1m 10s

R_2VF6YHbw8rPhcns
157.201.113.149
IP Address 12 Feb 201512:31 PM 12 Feb
201512:34 PM 2m 49s

R_1H5v8kk9fw6TjRX 192.225.179.138
IP Address 12 Feb 201512:54 PM 12 Feb 201512:56
PM 2m 22s

R_8kvS8IhMbEmOLkt
157.201.73.188 IP Address 12 Feb 201501:19 PM 12 Feb 201501:21
PM 1m 15s

R_8k2c11e6GaQHagh 157.201.105.156
IP Address 12 Feb 201501:39 PM 12 Feb 201501:41
PM 2m 7s

R_08mD1lWmxZul6KJ
205.185.99.25 IP Address 12 Feb 201502:03 PM 12 Feb 201502:06
PM 3m 1s

R_2t8toT9LUnbpulL 205.185.99.13 IP Address 12 Feb 201502:18 PM 12 Feb 201502:19 PM 1m
9s

R_3J97P0jqaRv5PaB 24.10.225.63 IP Address 12 Feb 201502:55 PM 12 Feb 201502:58 PM 3m
33s

R_1NEVGtRotp3AlJ6 205.185.99.48 IP Address 12 Feb 201503:33 PM 12 Feb 201503:34 PM 1m
20s

R_1BPXM7PRqpzLtoo
205.185.99.20 IP Address 12 Feb 201504:07 PM 12 Feb 201504:09
PM 1m 49s

R_1jpI4VtWBICfpvs 157.201.96.211 IP Address 12 Feb 201504:41 PM 12 Feb 201504:43 PM 1m
53s

R_1M0YdcfwOyV2osB
205.185.99.7 IP Address 12 Feb 201504:52 PM 12 Feb 201504:55
PM 2m 50s

R_8jKA8YnFfA8yS53 192.225.180.12 IP Address 12 Feb 201505:11 PM 12 Feb 201505:13 PM 1m
53s

R_Y95kNdl1WGpqeat
192.225.180.12 IP Address 12 Feb 201505:13 PM 12 Feb 201505:22
PM 8m 59s

R_C9X17fxsRMz5hbb 205.185.99.49 IP Address 12 Feb 201506:15 PM 12 Feb 201506:17 PM 1m
20s

R_3t7JXh3xcuCvDuV 192.225.180.12 IP Address 12 Feb 201510:00 PM 12 Feb 201510:02 PM 2m
10s

R_2OVDvA5N9POB64F
205.185.99.79 IP Address 12 Feb 201511:18 PM 12 Feb 201511:20
PM 1m 39s
R_2ZJEzgdgDVTad7R
205.185.99.84 IP Address 13 Feb 201508:50 AM 13 Feb 201508:52 AM 1m
28s

R_3Gxr0QNTsZWqbqL
157.201.119.101
IP Address 13 Feb 201511:29 AM 13 Feb

Appendix C: Responses
(Cont)
201511:32 AM 3m 29s

R_1FfyWMMyCq4hsyL
157.201.100.190
IP Address 15 Feb 201503:55 PM 15 Feb
201503:56 PM 1m 41s

R_3hu7T7iK5H6isE3 205.185.99.36 IP Address 16 Feb 201504:40 PM 16 Feb 201504:43 PM 2m 11s

R_1gSzhKJLPqX4QGd
63.248.219.227 IP Address 16 Feb 201510:55 PM 16 Feb 201510:56 PM
1m 23s

R_3PZjJ834TFaJsaM 157.201.100.5 IP Address 03 Mar 201512:54 PM 03 Mar 201512:56 PM 1m 32s

R_3q86VmotnWWi1lJ
157.201.112.71 IP Address 03 Mar 201512:54 PM 03 Mar 201512:56 PM
1m 52s

R_27qyWRKEklmWJIR
205.185.99.41 IP Address 03 Mar 201512:55 PM 03 Mar 201512:57 PM
2m 4s
R_3EA4DCyqzJx9nJJ 173.198.172.213
IP Address 03 Mar 201512:57 PM 03 Mar 201512:59 PM 2m 11s

R_21EDozZJjodDVzO
157.201.106.17 IP Address 03 Mar 201512:58 PM 03 Mar 201512:59 PM
0m 55s

R_1GPNapL9RVT09CW
192.225.179.46 IP Address 03 Mar 201512:59 PM 03 Mar 201501:01 PM
1m 56s

R_2xXVGiS5uYTAiwR
173.198.172.213
IP Address 03 Mar 201512:59 PM 03 Mar
201501:00 PM 1m 19s

R_2R9UN4e5op5oOzB
157.201.84.212 IP Address 03 Mar 201501:01 PM 03 Mar 201501:02 PM
1m 44s

R_0By9TWZNaYcVpGV
205.185.99.111 IP Address 03 Mar 201501:20 PM 03 Mar 201501:22 PM
1m 29s

R_3fxD8uGOvC505Lu
157.201.94.245 IP Address 03 Mar 201501:22 PM 03 Mar 201501:23 PM
0m 49s

R_xi0g6f7QlQ8AT17 63.227.129.251 IP Address 03 Mar 201501:32 PM 03 Mar 201501:34 PM 2m 15s

R_1rOoJrUniTV4Cby 216.49.181.251 IP Address 03 Mar 201501:36 PM 03 Mar 201501:38 PM 1m 45s

R_Cmr2BUgy7vs36DL
205.185.99.111 IP Address 03 Mar 201501:39 PM 03 Mar 201501:41 PM
2m 24s

R_TpSWSGoeNnFMiDn
157.201.106.138
IP Address 03 Mar 201501:43 PM 03 Mar
201501:45 PM 1m 53s

R_3jVutSemSK80sA8 208.71.137.185 IP Address 03 Mar 201502:27 PM 03 Mar 201502:29 PM 1m 45s

R_2S8Dj9KRMNw93c1
71.209.38.33 IP Address 03 Mar 201502:52 PM 03 Mar 201502:54 PM
1m 38s

R_217yyumyGNk3zjJ 157.201.122.227
IP Address 03 Mar 201502:57 PM 03 Mar 201502:58 PM
1m 26s

R_31Rv4jPFUQcQow7
157.201.110.145
IP Address 03 Mar 201503:06 PM 03 Mar
201503:07 PM 1m 5s

R_cJbTcDUriTKymZT
157.201.94.28 IP Address 03 Mar 201503:07 PM 03 Mar 201503:09 PM
1m 45s

R_2tAmz2TaSSJNIqG 157.201.124.136
IP Address 03 Mar 201503:38 PM 03 Mar 201503:41 PM
3m 17s

Appendix C: Responses
(Cont)

R_3mjElPCzDrphHzo 205.185.99.62 IP Address 03 Mar 201503:42 PM 03 Mar 201503:43 PM 1m 4s

R_1jZE3c0X8kUZvyw 205.185.99.125 IP Address 03 Mar 201503:48 PM 03 Mar 201503:49 PM 1m 21s

R_qz9itM0XJt6oQjn 157.201.119.62 IP Address 03 Mar 201503:51 PM 03 Mar 201503:52 PM 1m 28s

R_2TOikNQYTrmFI7P
205.185.99.7 IP Address 03 Mar 201504:35 PM 03 Mar 201504:37 PM
1m 19s

R_2AEjTVfFCfKnUh9
205.185.99.6 IP Address 03 Mar 201504:56 PM 03 Mar 201504:57 PM
1m 28s

R_DCvTnbZQJFvxFPX
199.101.36.244 IP Address 03 Mar 201505:30 PM 03 Mar 201505:31 PM
1m 34s

R_3kngMNYVzl78YXT
205.185.99.42 IP Address 03 Mar 201505:32 PM 03 Mar 201505:35 PM
2m 55s

R_3hg9yVvNIKJMlAa 205.185.99.89 IP Address 03 Mar 201505:45 PM 03 Mar 201505:47 PM 2m 44s

R_8jDq4rpYbgBrZJP 205.185.106.38 IP Address 03 Mar 201505:54 PM 03 Mar 201505:57 PM 3m 11s

R_RnpKJvvY0QzZbq1
205.185.99.52 IP Address 03 Mar 201506:28 PM 03 Mar 201506:30 PM
1m 36s

R_3hurFlAUeUiwVNv
157.201.120.92 IP Address 03 Mar 201506:49 PM 03 Mar 201506:52 PM
2m 55s

R_0vVBkgnVOKDY1a5
65.129.71.51 IP Address 03 Mar 201507:39 PM 03 Mar 201507:44 PM
4m 59s

R_2gYt552KNWo8q6B
192.225.179.138
IP Address 03 Mar 201507:40 PM 03 Mar
201507:42 PM 2m 8s

R_03vdluKoR5ggvI1 66.87.127.209 IP Address 03 Mar 201508:12 PM 03 Mar 201508:14 PM 1m 58s
R_2bPPDJGe0JL7wKE
205.185.99.27 IP Address 03 Mar 201508:21 PM 03 Mar 201508:23 PM 2m 5s

R_pTdOFsCaemGl3uV
205.185.99.148 IP Address 03 Mar 201509:07 PM 03 Mar 201509:09 PM
1m 59s

R_2VNDtPrs7qie5p5 205.185.99.47 IP Address 03 Mar 201509:18 PM 03 Mar 201509:21 PM 2m 39s

R_4ZoYHmIVlAGJBKl
205.185.99.62 IP Address 03 Mar 201509:32 PM 03 Mar 201509:33 PM
1m 37s

R_1oCnKoUflmOZdEi
184.155.220.88 IP Address 03 Mar 201509:41 PM 03 Mar 201509:43 PM
1m 59s

R_3dY8G2huQPeXteG
24.119.202.131 IP Address 03 Mar 201509:48 PM 03 Mar 201509:51 PM
2m 12s

R_2yrApBl85pwf1xp 205.185.99.29 IP Address 03 Mar 201510:26 PM 03 Mar 201510:30 PM 4m 31s

R_1OkR8BJzycb6unZ 75.174.195.34 IP Address 03 Mar 201511:18 PM 03 Mar 201511:20 PM 1m 10s

R_2U3FRLElm8lTIVg
50.186.40.182 IP Address 03 Mar 201511:50 PM 03 Mar 201511:51 PM
1m 12s

Appendix C: Responses
(Cont)
R_2v0rfblrvd5K8WU 157.201.98.95 IP Address 04 Mar 201510:58 AM 04 Mar 201511:00 AM 1m 55s

R_2ZHsr57oPk6r41V 96.18.220.164 IP Address 04 Mar 201511:22 AM 04 Mar 201511:23 AM 1m 28s

R_2R8Iet8UiCTVoKg 75.167.156.203 IP Address 04 Mar 201501:58 PM 04 Mar 201502:01 PM 2m 30s

R_OBX16XPMgwZzXQ5
157.201.127.254
IP Address 04 Mar 201501:59 PM 04 Mar
201502:01 PM 2m 18s

R_273TuteQYLc1g0L 157.201.127.254
IP Address 04 Mar 201502:02 PM 04 Mar 201502:04 PM
1m 34s

R_3MDQfVt8EYC77s5
205.185.102.58 IP Address 05 Mar 201510:22 AM 05 Mar 201510:24 AM
1m 58s

R_1f7oNH6AIdgvw78
157.201.127.254
IP Address 05 Mar 201512:03 PM 05 Mar
201512:04 PM 1m 25s

R_3qfYpZX6JYYzART
157.201.63.37 IP Address 06 Mar 201508:56 AM 06 Mar 201508:57 AM
1m 43s

R_Dkm4OsjyC6QLV7z
174.27.69.39 IP Address 06 Mar 201505:17 PM 06 Mar 201505:18 PM
1m 18s

R_3ewrm6bXhKxrfVS
199.119.235.174
IP Address 09 Mar 201506:40 AM 09 Mar
201506:42 AM 1m 40s

R_WqfifBbFpxPUvId
Survey Preview
12 Mar 201512:07 PM 12 Mar 201512:08 PM 1m 33s

R_2asGggyccQJjNFP 24.119.202.128 IP Address 19 Mar 201502:05 PM 19 Mar 201502:07 PM 1m 53s