Earthquake Contingency Plan For Chittagong City

EARTHUAKECONTINGENCYPLANFOR
CHITTAGONGCITY
June2009
EarthquakeContingencyPlanforChittagongCity
TABLEOFCONTENTS
LISTOFABBREVIATIONS..............................................................................................................................III
EXECUTIVESUMMARY.................................................................................................................................VI
CHAPTER1:GENERALASPECTSOFDHAKACITYEARTHQUAKECONTINGENCYPLAN...................................18
1.1.THENEEDFORCHITTAGONGCITYEARTHQUAKECONTINGENCYPLAN.....................................................................18
1.2.LEGALPROVISIONS,AUTHORITYANDPLANNINGRESPONSIBILITYFORDEVELOPMENTANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHE
CHITTAGONGCITYEARTHQUAKECONTINGENCYPLAN.........................................................................................19
1.3.AIMOFTHECHITTAGONGCITYEARTHQUAKECONTINGENCYPLAN......................................................................110
1.4.GOALANDOBJECTIVESOFCHITTAGONGCITYEARTHQUAKECONTINGENCYPLAN...................................................111
1.5.SCOPEOFTHECHITTAGONGCITYEARTHQUAKECONTINGENCYPLAN...................................................................112
1.6.PLANNINGASSUMPTIONS............................................................................................................................113
1.7.PLANIMPLEMENTATIONSTRATEGIES..............................................................................................................113
1.8.PLANLIMITATIONS.....................................................................................................................................115
1.9.INTENDEDUSERSOFTHEPLAN......................................................................................................................116
CHAPTER2:EARTHQUAKETHREATINBANGLADESHANDIDENTIFICATIONOFRISKSCENARIORELATEDTO
CHITTAGONGCITY...................................................................................................................................217
2.1.INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................217
2.2.NATUREOFTHREATS..................................................................................................................................217
2.3.POTENTIALDAMAGEINDIFFERENTSCENARIOSOFEARTHQUAKE.........................................................................218
2.4.POTENTIALCASUALTIESINDIFFERENTSCENARIOSOFEARTHQUAKE......................................................................219
2.5.POSSIBLEAVAILABILITYOFHOSPITALBEDAFTERANEARTHQUAKE........................................................................221
2.6.ESSENTIALFACILITIESDAMAGE.....................................................................................................................221
2.7.UTILITYDAMAGEINCHITTAGONGCITYCORPORATIONAREA..............................................................................223
CHAPTER3:CONCEPTOFOPERATIONS....................................................................................................325
3.1.GENERALOPERATIONS................................................................................................................................325
3.2.STANDARDOPERATINGPROCEDURES(SOP)...................................................................................................326
3.3.STAKEHOLDERS..........................................................................................................................................327
3.4.MANAGEMENT..........................................................................................................................................330
3.5.MONITORINGANDEVALUATION....................................................................................................................332
3.6.FUNCTIONALRESPONSECONCEPT.................................................................................................................332
3.7.FUNCTIONALGROUPS/CLUSTERS..................................................................................................................333
3.8.PLANCONTRIBUTORS..................................................................................................................................337
CHAPTER4:FUNCTIONALRESPONSEGROUPSANDTHEIRROLESANDRESPONSIBILITIES.........................439
4.1.CLUSTER1EMERGENCYOPERATIONSOVERALLCOMMANDANDCOORDINATIONCLUSTER...............439
4.2.EMERGENCYOPERATIONSSEARCH,RESCUE&EVACUATIONCLUSTER.................................................................441
4.3.HEALTHCLUSTER.......................................................................................................................................444
4.4.RELIEFSERVICES(FOOD,NUTRITIONANDOTHERRELIEF)CLUSTER.......................................................................446
4.5.SHELTER(INCLUDINGSETTINGUPTEMPORARYSHELTER)CLUSTER........................................................................448
4.6.WATERSUPPLY,SANITATIONANDHYGIENECLUSTER........................................................................................450
4.7.RESTORATIONOFURBANSERVICESCLUSTER....................................................................................................451
4.8.TRANSPORTATION(ROAD,RAIL,AIR,WATERWAY,SEA)CLUSTER.........................................................................454
4.9.SECURITY,ANDWELFARECLUSTER.................................................................................................................455
CHAPTER5:SPATIALANALYSISANDCONTINGENCYPLANFORKEYELEMENTS.........................................558
5.1.CLUSTER1:OVERALLCOMMANDANDCOORDINATION......................................................................................558
5.2.CLUSTER2:EVACUATION,SEARCHANDRESCUE...............................................................................................558
5.3.CLUSTER3:HEALTH....................................................................................................................................561
5.4.CLUSTER4:RELIEFSERVICES(FOOD,NUTRITIONANDOTHERRELIEF)....................................................................563
5.5.CLUSTER5:SHELTER(INCLUDINGCAMPMANAGEMENT)....................................................................................563
5.6.CLUSTER6:WATERSUPPLY,SANITATIONANDHYGIENE....................................................................................564
5.7.CLUSTER7:RESTORATIONOFURBANSERVICES................................................................................................565
5.8.CLUSTER8:TRANSPORT(ROAD,RAIL,AIR,SEA)................................................................................................565
5.9.CLUSTER9:SECURITYANDWELFARE.............................................................................................................566
CHAPTER6:ACTIONSTOSUPPORTPLANIMPLEMENTATION...................................................................667
6.1.CAPACITYBUILDING....................................................................................................................................667
6.2.TRAININGANDEDUCATION..........................................................................................................................667
1.1.CAPACITYBUILDING,AWARENESSCREATIONANDADVOCACYACTIVITIES..............................................................667
6.3.PREPOSITIONINGOFEMERGENCYFACILITIESATIMPORTANTURBANCENTERSANDCRITICALLOCATIONS........................70
6.4.RESOURCEMOBILIZATION................................................................................................................................71
6.5.AWARENESSCREATION....................................................................................................................................74
6.6.ESTABLISHMENTOFREPORTINGSYSTEMFORREPORTINGTHEREADINESSOFDIFFERENTAGENCIES..................................81
BIBLIOGRAPHY...........................................................................................................................................84
GLOSSORYOFTERMS.................................................................................................................................87
ANNEXES.......................................................................................................................................................I
ANNEX1:CALCULATIONTABLES.................................................................................................................................I
ANNEX2:MAPS..................................................................................................................................................XIV
ii
LISTOFABBREVIATIONS
ADB
AFD
AMI
Ansar&VDP
BA
BDR
BCAA
BCG
BDRCS
BFRI
BGSL
BGMEA
BIP
BIWTA
BKMEA
BLRI
BMA
BMD
BP
BPDB
BR
BRTA
BRTC
BSS
BTMEA
BTCL
BTRC
BTV
BUET
BWDB
CAAB
CBOs
CC
CCP
CDA
CDC
CME
CMMU
CPA
CPP
CWASA
DCC
DPDC
AsianDevelopmentBank
ArmedForcesDivision
AnjumaneMofidulIslamBangladesh
BangladeshAnsarandVillageDefenceParty
BimanAirlines
BangladeshRifles
BangladeshCivilAviationAuthority
BangladeshCoastGuard
BangladeshRedCrescentSociety
BangladeshForestResearchInstitute
BakhrabadGasSystemsLimited
BangladeshGarmentManufacturersandExportersAssociation
BangladeshInstituteofPlanners
BangladeshInlandWaterTransportAuthority
BangladeshKnitwearManufacturerandExportersAssociation
BangladeshLivestockResearchInstitute
BangladeshMedicalAssociation
BangladeshMeteorologicalDepartment
BangladeshPolice
BangladeshPowerDevelopmentBoard
BangladeshRailway
BangladeshRoadandTransportAuthority
BangladeshRoadandTransportCorporation
BangladeshSangbadSangstha
BangladeshTextileMillsAssociation
BangladeshTelecommunicationCompany
BangladeshTelecommunicationRegulatoryCommission
BangladeshTelevision
BangladeshUniversityofEngineering&Technology
BangladeshWaterDevelopmentBoard
CivilAviationAuthorityBangladesh
CommunityBasedOrganizations
CityCorporations
BangladeshCentreforCommunicationPrograms
ChittagongDevelopmentAuthority
CommunicablediseaseControl
CentreforMedicalEducation
Construction,MaintenanceandManagementUnit
ChittagongPortAuthority
CyclonePreparednessProgramme
ChittagongWaterSupplyandSewerageAuthority
DhakaCityCorporation
DhakaPowerDistributionCompanyLtd.
iii
DESCO
DFP
DGFisheries
DGoF
DGLivestock
DGHS
DMB
DMC
DOA
DPHE
DRR
DWASA
EMS
FAO
FBCCI
FSCD
IAB
IFRC
IOM
IRC
JICA
GSB
HBRI
IAB
IEB
IFRC
INGOs
JGTDSL
LGA
LGD
LGED
LGRD
LGRDC
MinCom
MoC
MoCAT
MoF
MoFDM
MoFL
MoHA
MoHFW
MoHPW
MoI
MoL
NGOs
NHA
NIPSOM
DhakaElectricSupplyCompanyLtd.
DepartmentofFilmsandPublications
DirectorateofFisheries
DirectorateGeneralofFood
DirectorateofLivestock
DirectorateGeneralofHealthServices
DisasterManagementBureau
DepartmentofMassCommunication
DepartmentofArchitecture
BangladeshDepartmentofPublicHealthEngineering
DirectorateofReliefandRehabilitation
DhakaWaterSupplyandSewerageAuthority
EarthquakeMagnitudeScale
FoodandAgriculturalOrganization
FederationofBangladeshChambersofCommerce
BangladeshFireService&CivilDefence
InstituteofArchitectsBangladesh
InternationalFederationofRedCross andRedCrescentSocieties
InternationalOrganizationforMigration
InternationalRescueCommittee
JapanInternationalCooperationAgency
GeologicalSurveyofBangladesh
Housing&BuildingResearchInstitute
InstituteofArchitectsBangladesh
InstituteofEngineersBangladesh
InternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCrescent
InternationalNonGovernmentOrganizations
JalalabadGasTransmission&DistributionCo.Limited
LocalGovernmentAgencies
LocalGovernmentDivision
LocalGovernmentEngineeringDepartment
LocalGovernmentandRuralDevelopment
LocalGovernmentRuralDevelopmentandCooperatives
MinistryofCommerce
MinistryofCommunications
MinistryofCivilAviationandTourism
MinistryofFinance
MinistryofFoodandDisasterManagement
MinistryofFisheriesandLivestock
MinistryofHomeAffairs
MinistryofHealthandFamilyWelfare
MinistryofHousingandPublicWorks
MinistryofInformation
MinistryofLand
NonGovernmentOrganizations
NationalHousingAuthority
NationalInstituteofPreventiveandSocialMedicine
iv
OHCHR
PDB
PetroBangla
PGCL
PIB
PID
PSTN
PWD
R&H
RAB
REB
RAJUK
REHAB
RHD
TGTDCL
SoB
UNDP
UNHABITAT
UNHCR
UNICEF
UNRC
UNOCHA
VDP
WFP
WHO(DERG)
OfficeoftheHighCommissionerforHumanRights
PowerDevelopmentBoard
ItisasuccessorofBangladeshMineralOilandGasCorporation
PowerGridCompanyofBangladeshLtd
PressInstituteofBangladesh
PressInformationDepartment
PublicswitchedtelephoneNetwork
PublicWorksDepartment
RoadsandHighways
RapidActionBattalion
RuralElectrificationBoard
RajdhaniUnnyanKortipakha
RealEstate&HousingAssociationofBangladesh
RoadsandHighwaysDepartment
TitasGasTransmissionandDistribution Co.Ltd
SurveyofBangladesh
UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme
UnitedNationsagencyforhumansettlements
UNHighCommissionerforRefugees
UnitedNationsChildren'sFund
ResidentCoordinatorofUnitedNations
UnitedNationsOfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairs
VillageDefenceParty
WorldFoodProgramme
WorldHealthOrganization(DisasterEmergencyResponseGroup)
EXECUTIVESUMMARY
The overall goal of the city level Contingency Planning Process is to develop a
comprehensive geohazard risk reduction Contingency Planning strategy that is
linkedtoaneasyimplementationframework.Theframeworkshouldbeabletoaddress
thecurrentneedsandissues,whichwouldbeimplementableatalllevelsfromnational,
city and agency levels and cover all the phases of disaster risk management from
preparednesstoresponse.
TheprojectonContingencyplanningwithregardtoearthquakehazardiscomprisedof
twomainTasks:
TaskI:Determinestatusofcontingencyplanninganddesignofinterim
contingencyplan
TaskII:Turninterimcontingencyplansintofinalversions(usingmapsfor
selectedurbanareasthathighlightearthquakevulnerable
school/hospital/emergencyresponseandcontrolbuildingsetc.)
Planningrequirestheactiveparticipationofthestakeholdersinplanningstageaswell
asinimplementationstageofactivitiesincludingthepostdisasterstagewhenareview
process to be undertaken to identify the effectiveness of plan operations and new
challenges.Timebecomesmorevaluableonceanemergencyoccurs,soplanningbefore
theemergencyisveryimportant,whenworkloadsmaybelessandinstitutionsinvolved
aremoreflexibleinaccommodatingtheneeds.Earthquakehappenswithoutanyearly
warning and although stakeholder community in Bangladesh is quite capable of
responding to events such as floods, cyclones etc, there is a need for conducting
contingency planning in advance. One reason for conducting contingency planning is
becauseitwillfacilitatearapidemergencyresponsebyallowingplannersmoretime
for advance preparedness measures for response. In advance of an earthquake
emergencytheplannerswillbeableto:
Consider different risk scenarios to identify spatial planning needs to suit the
distributionofrisk
Considerthelikelyconsequencesofanemergencybeforeitoccurs
Conduct capacity assessment to Identify the key resources, both human and
physical,whichmaybeavailabletorespondtotheemergency
Identifythecriticalareasforimmediateaction
vi
Buildandtraintheemergencyresponseteamsinadvance
Define the policy changes/revisions, new strategies and approaches for

respondingtoemergencyinadvance
Allofthesemeasuresallowconstructiveinterventionimmediatelyaftertheemergency.
Teambuildingisparticularlyuseful,astheabilitytoactasateammaybecriticaltothe
success of the initial emergency response. Another benefit to contingency planning is
that,beforeanemergency,thereiscomparativelymoretimetoconsideralltheaspects
of problems that are likely to arise. Once the emergency has occurred, it maybe very
difficulttobringalloftheplayerstogethertodiscusstheneeds.Agreementonpolicies
in the contingency planning stage may help clarify applicability and resolve
contradictions that may occur. It will help in filling the policy gaps in providing
institutional mandates where needed. Rapid decision making on operational issues
afteranemergencyisimportantbecausedelaysmaycostlives.
TheContingencyPlanningalsoservesasatoolformaintainingcontrolovereventsor
limitingtheriskoflossofcontrol.Becauseofthescaleoftheproblemsthattheypose,
earthquakes sometimes provoke erratic or unpredictable responses. Wellintentioned
butillequippedagenciesmayrushtohelp,leadingsomeagenciestooverreacttothe
emergency.Theriskofinappropriateresponsesismuchlowerwhenclearplansarein
place. The contingency planning process also allows identification of projected needs
thatmayariseasaresultofanemergencyandtheresourcesthatwillbeimmediately
availabletomeetthoseneeds.Onebenefitofarealisticcontingencyplanisthatitmay
encourage donors and other development agencies to make arrangements to
supplement additional resources for enhancement of available resource base of the
agenciesinvolvedinplanimplementation.
Although the objective of contingency planning is usually the production of a
contingencyplan,manyusefuloutputsofcontingencyplanningcomefromtheprocess
through which the plan is developed. Therefore, there are many advantages in a plan
prepared through a participatory process through involvement of all major potential
actors,agreeingonthebroadpoliciesandworkinggroupsfillingthedetailsoftheplan.
ThefinalmeasureofthesuccessofcontingencyplanshouldnotbeaPlan.Itdoesnot
mean that the plan is not important but the plan should not be a rigid one. The plan
should be a measure of the quality of the process and success indicator essentially
shouldbetheprocessasagoodplanningprocesswillresultinagoodplan.Eventhough
theearthquakethatoccursmaybeverydifferentfromtheoneplannedfor,theplanwill
stillbeuseful.Agoodcontingencyplanensuresbetterpreparednessforanyemergency
thatmayoccur,evenonethatisverydifferentfromthescenariointheplan.
vii
CHAPTER1: GENERALASPECTSOFDHAKACITYEARTHQUAKE
CONTINGENCYPLAN
1.1.THENEEDFORCHITTAGONGCITYEARTHQUAKECONTINGENCYPLAN
Beingthecountry'scommercialcapitalandprimaryport,Chittagongisthemainroutefor
almostallofBangladesh'simportandexport,generatingamajorportionofthecountry's
annualrevenueandbeingitscommercialcenter.Itsharborcontainsextensivelydeveloped
portfacilitiesandisparticularlysuitableforoceansteamers.Beingthemainseaportand
thesecondlargestcityofthecountry,Chittagonghasaround3.5millionpeopleinitsCity
CorporationArea.ThecityisnearbythePlateBoundaryFault2andPlateBoundaryFault
3. The earthquake risk of the Chittagong City is growing with every passing moment
because of the unabated growth of human settlement and industrial and other economic
activities. The rapid increase in vulnerability of the city is evident from the rapid
urbanization, population growth, population migration and development of major
economic zones in and around Chittagong. Major causes behind such ever increasing
earthquake risk being the haphazard urbanization and substandard construction of
buildings, residential houses and other infrastructures without any consideration of
underlying earthquake hazards. Major reclamation efforts in and around Chittagong
increases the potential for liquefaction. During sustained strong shaking, poorly
consolidated, water saturated sediments can liquefy and loose their ability to support
loads. The foundations and supports of structures built on liquefiable sediments can fail,
causingdamageordestructionduringmajorearthquakes.Muchofthecountryisofloose
sandysoilandmostofitremainsinsaturatedconditionroundtheyear,therebyincreasing
the vulnerability to liquefaction in case of sustained ground motions.Possibility of fire
outbreaksinaneventofanearthquakeasasecondaryhazardisanothersourcerelatedto
possiblehigheconomiclosses.
On the Contrary, present capacities in disaster management in Bangladesh are largely
centredonemergencyresponseandpostdisasterrecovery,whichisevidentfromtheflood
andcycloneeventsofhighmagnitude.Butthereisaneedforacomprehensivegeohazard
risk reduction Contingency Planning strategy for low frequency high magnitude events,
which occur without warning. Such Contingency Planning efforts should be linked to an
easyimplementationframeworktobeabletoaddresstherelatedissues.
Government and Institutional structures, policy and legal framework are some vital
features in ensuring clear delineation of aspects of contingency plan preparation and
implementation. This is an important step towards longerterm investment in plan
preparation and in effective implementation. To achieve further benefits from such an
endeavour appropriate spatial planning at all levels is also needed to ensure that the
disaster preparedness is considered early on in the physical planning process. Review of
existing legislations and present organizational structure for natural disaster reduction
18
policymakingisessentialforaddressingtheneedforsimplificationofprocedures,identify
future planning strategies and to identify immediate response actions for their effective
implementation.
Inthesecircumstances,aContingencyPlanisneededforensuringbetterresponsetowards
earthquake hazard. Contingency Planning is a forward planning process, in a state of
uncertainty, in which scenarios and objectives are agreed, managerial and technical
actions defined, and potential response systems put in place in order to prevent, or
betterrespondto,anemergencyorcriticalsituation.
Realizing this, the Ministry of Food and Disaster
Management(MoFDM)throughtheComprehensive
ContingencyPlanningTasks
Disaster Management Program (CDMP) is
implementing a project on Earthquake Risk

TaskI:Determinestatusof
AssessmentandPreparednessinDhaka,Chittagong
contingencyplanninganddesign
and Chittagong City Corporation areas, which is
ofinterimcontingencyplan
supported by UNDP, UK Department for TaskII:Turninterimcontingency
International Development Bangladesh (DFIDB)
plansintofinalversions(using
geohazardvulnerabilitymap)
andtheEuropeanCommission(EC).InAugust2006,
Box2
the European Commission signed a contribution
agreement with UNDP Bangladesh for providing
technical assistance to facilitate the preparation of earthquake risk assessments and
contingency plans within Dhaka, Chittagong and Sylhet cities. The development of
contingencyplanforearthquakehazardpreparednessandmitigationisassistedbyAsian
Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) in association with the National Society for
Earthquake Technology Nepal (NSET) that aims at developing a comprehensive geo
hazard risk reduction Contingency Planning strategy that is linked to an easy
implementationframework byaccomplishingthefollowingtwotasksasshownintheBox
2.
1.2.LEGALPROVISIONS,AUTHORITYANDPLANNINGRESPONSIBILITYFORDEVELOPMENTAND
IMPLEMENTATIONOFTHECHITTAGONGCITYEARTHQUAKECONTINGENCYPLAN
According to the StandingOrderson Disaster (SOD), Disaster Management Bureau under
MinistryofFoodandDisasterManagement(MoFDM)isresponsiblefor:
Advisingthegovernmentonallmattersrelatingtodisastermanagement;
Maintainingliaisonwithdifferentgovernmentagencies,aidgivingagencies,NGOs
andVoluntaryOrganizationsandensuretheirmaximumcooperationand
coordinationinallmattersofdisastermanagement;
19
Under this mandate, the Disaster Management Bureau developed the draft National Plan
for Disaster Management 20072015, where a Disaster Management Planning Framework
has been incorporated. Within this framework, there are a few hazardspecific
managementplans,suchasEarthquakeManagementPlan.Itisalsoindicatedthatthistype
of plans is multisectoral and being divided into two components: risk reduction and
emergency response. The earthquake Contingency Plan for Chittagong City has been
preparedunderthebroadframeworkoftheabovelegalprovisionsandplans;and,ismeant
forenhancingtheeffectivenessofearthquakeemergencyresponse.
1.3.AIMOFTHECHITTAGONGCITYEARTHQUAKECONTINGENCYPLAN
The Aim of the Chittagong City Earthquake Contingency Plan is to create an efficient and
effectivecollaborativeapproachtoEmergencyResponse&ManagementatCitylevelwith
the participation of all city level stakeholders considering seismic hazard which has a
potentialtocreateanimpactwithinBangladeshofvariousmagnitudesandintensity.
Optimization of efforts by
first responder agencies
inorderto:
1. Savelives
2. Provide
humanitarian
assistance
3. Restoringthelifeline
facilitiesandutilities
tobringnormalcy
withinafastest
possibletime
Box3
Chittagong City Earthquake Contingency

PlanPromotes:
1. Appropriate command and control
mechanism
2. Efficient,effectivecollaboration&
coordination,
3. Partnerships,
4. Trust,mutualrespectandunderstanding
amongallstakeholders,
5. Arrangementsforsharingofresources
andexperiencethatwillresultina
highestlevelofsafetyandsecurityof
citizensofBangladesh
Box4
Throughthisplanningitisaimedatdevelopingprocesstoensuremaximumutilizationof
availableresources,optimisationofeffortsbyfirstresponderorganizationinordertodo
followingasshowninBox3.
110
AstrongChittagongCityEarthquakeContingencyPlanisconsideredtobeaonethatisbuilt
onafoundationforDRMthatpromotesfollowingasshowninBox4.
1.4.GOALANDOBJECTIVESOFCHITTAGONGCITYEARTHQUAKECONTINGENCYPLAN
TheultimategoalofthisearthquakeContingencyPlanistominimizeadverseeffects(loss
of lives and properties, damage and disruption of critical facilities etc.) of potential
earthquakes in the city by establishing and implementing a system of preparedness
activitiesthroughefficientandeffectivecontingencyplanningprocess.
Followingmajorobjectivesareenvisionedtoachievethegoal:
EstablishacomprehensivegeohazardriskreductionContingencyPlanningStrategy
thatislinkedtoaneasyimplementationframeworkbyensuringappropriatespatial
planning at all levels so that disaster preparedness is considered early on in the
decisionplanningprocess.
Define Earthquake Contingency Management relationships city level and create
effectivecoordinationmechanismsamongallstakeholdersatcitylevel
Identify the earthquake contingency management roles and responsibilities of
Ministry of Food and Disaster Management, DMB, first responder agencies,
humanitarian assistance providers, life line and utility agencies, at city and agency
levelsbasedontheirexistingmandates,andassigneddutiesandresponsibilitiesfor
disasterresponse
Provideanorganizationalstructuretointegratethoserolesandresponsibilitiesintoa
collaborativenationalcapabilitytofacilitatepreparedness,responseandrecoveryto
ensuremanagementofearthquakeemergencies
Establish and maintain a fully operational contingency planning process with
necessary manpower and resources and ensure clear delineation of the process for
contingencyplanpreparation,review,revisionwithingovernmentandotherrelevant
institutionalstructures
Followingareadditionalobjectives:
Define the tasks that support the National Disaster Management System, such as
vulnerability and risk assessment, data base management, partner relationships,
capacitybuilding,publicawarenesscreationformainstreamingdisastermanagement
intodevelopmentpractice
111
Help enhance essential support services such as Emergency Operations Center, S&R
capacities, Medical First Responder teams, procurement of rescue equipment,
establishmentofemergencyservices,trainingandeducationopportunitiesetc.
Institutionalize an operational Incident Command System (ICS), organizational
structure for earthquake emergency management and the concept of operations be
incorporated in all Disaster Preparedness and Response Plans, Standing Orders on
DisastersasafirststepinestablishingtheNationalContingencyManagementSystem
(NCMS)inBangladesh
Extend the organizational structure to facilitate coordination with Academia, NGOs,
INGOs, media, private sector and donor agencies etc. to support an effective,
contingencymanagementcapacity
1.5.SCOPEOFTHECHITTAGONGCITYEARTHQUAKECONTINGENCYPLAN
This plan details Emergency Response Functions immediately following a damaging
earthquake. It describes the response system in place for responding to the situation
createdandneedsrequiredduetotheeventofamajorearthquakeinChittagongCity,and
alsodescribesaholisticresponsestructure,whichshouldbeactivatedfromthenational
level to the affected community. It also provides a framework for coordination and
optimum utilization of national resources and mechanism for obtaining support as
arranged by the government, from internal organizations(such as from ministries, line
agencies, departments, NGOs, private sector etc.) and international assistance. It covers
fourspecificareasrespectivelyasgivenbelow.
General information that identifies legal provision, authorities & responsibilities,
planning objectives and scope for response in the situation related to earthquake
hazard;
Coordinationmechanismandextendedfunctionsofrelevantagenciesforthespecific
earthquakeresponsewithintheauthorityofthegovernment.TheResponsestructure
isdividedinto9functionalclustersandeachclusterisheadedbyoneinstitutionand
supported by several institutions. It outlines the SOPs, tasks to be accomplished by
the respective institutions (ministries and agencies,) and the type of support to be
providedtothembyothersatthenationallevel;
Supportinterventionsneededforplanimplementation;
ReportingstructureforReadinessbyconcernedfirstresponderinstitutions
TheContingencyPlanforeachfunctionalclusteralsoidentifiesthepreparednessactionsto
be carried out for better response during the earthquake events (during the predisaster
112
period) and review process and actions for planning for long term recovery (during the
postdisasterperiod).
1.6.PLANNINGASSUMPTIONS
This Chittagong city earthquake contingency plan has been developed with following
assumptionsinthebackground:
Earthquakes are impact type events and provide no warning preventing any pre
eventresponseactivities
Earthquakes within the city will cause large numbers of deaths and injuries and
extensive damage and destruction of buildings, emergency facilities and
infrastructureasoutlinedinChapter1ofthisplan
Thereislikelihoodofsecondaryeffectsfollowinganearthquakeoraftershockswhich
may include tsunami, fire, flood, liquefactions, subsidence, damming of rivers,
landslides,anddamfailure,releaseofhazardousandtoxicchemicals
Strongaftershockswillcontinueforseveraldaysresultinginfurtherbuildingcollapse
Largenumbersofpersons(hundredsofthousands)willbeinneedofshelter,welfare,
reliefassistance,medicalcareetc
Accesswillbeseverelyrestrictedduetodebris,landslides,collapsedbridgesetc.
Manynationalandinternationalresponseandhumanitarianorganizationsotherthan
the government institutions will also be involved during response and recovery to
earthquakedisaster
1.7.PLANIMPLEMENTATIONSTRATEGIES
ThefollowingstrategywillbeadoptedinplanimplementationasshowninBox5:
113
Set up a system for regular reporting and updates on the readiness of first
responderinstitutions
Plan & development of national capabilities to translate earthquake risk
reductionintoPreparednessandResponsePlans
Establish a consistent, collaborative national approach to the Mitigation of
impactsofearthquakedisasters
Proposeamechanismtointegratedisastermanagementintonationaleducation
system
Proposeamechanismtobuildthecapacityofgovernmentandnongovernment
partnersbyprovidingtrainingandeducationonearthquakeriskreduction
Developamechanismtoimprovetherelationshipsamonggovernmentandnon
governmentorganizationsduringpreparedness,responseandrecoveryphases
Transfer knowledge and state of the art of technologies necessary to support
institutionaloperationsandimplementoperationsplans
Ensure a system for linking contingency planning process with the earthquake
hazardandriskassessmentsystemandstudies
Ensure continued functioning and monitoring of the contingency planning
process established during the development of this national earthquake
contingencyplan
Develop plans, programs and establish mechanisms for raising awareness of
common people, professionals and authorities on earthquake contingency plans
toensurewidedisseminationandeffectiveimplementation
Box5
114
1.8.PLANLIMITATIONS
The Chittagong City Earthquake Contingency Plan will not, and cannot,
addressallcircumstances
Bangladeshispronetomanyothertypesofhazardssuchasfloods,cyclones
etcandSylhetCityEarthquakeContingencyPlanshouldbeincorporatedwith
other Contingency Plans to create a Multihazard contingency management
framework.
ThePlanassumesthatthelineagencieswillhavemandatoryprovisionsand
nationalcapacitytodealwithassignedtasks.MandatoryprovisionsforFirst
Responder Organizations, line agencies, ministries, local governments,
Districtauthoritiesetchastobegrantedthroughappropriatepolicyandlegal
instruments.
TherelevantMinistriesareresponsibleforprovisionofresourcestocarryout
earthquake emergency management functions by relevant institutions.
Especially institutions involved may need additional resources in terms of
qualified manpower, technical as well as financial resources to undertake
assignedtasks.
The Sylhet City Earthquake Contingency Management process is linked to a
specifiedtimelagtobecomefullyfunctionalasanintegratedsystem
The Plan requires that the National Emergency Operations Center is to be
established on priority basis to have service functions for a 24/7 schedule
withdutyofficersinplacewithclearlyidentifiednotificationprotocols.
ThePlancannotensurethatemergencyassistancetocommunitieswillarrive
in time following a rapid onset disaster such as earthquake unless the
government will have emergency declarations in time. It will depend on
effective emergency management system which depends on application of
advancedstateofthearttechnology.
Capable and committed staff with appropriate financial resources, facilities,
equipment and supplies is required to implement an effective, longterm
programbasedontheActionPlan.
Box6
115
1.9.INTENDEDUSERSOFTHEPLAN
The direct users of this Chittagong City Earthquake Contingency Plan will be the First,
Second as well as Third level Responder Agencies in order to save humanlives, provide
humanitarianassistance,andrestorethelifelinefacilitiesandutilitiesrespectively.
The term 'First Responder' refers to
FirstResponderOrganizations
thoseagenciesandindividualswhoin
ArmedForcesDivision(AFD)
the early stages of an incident are
FireService&CivilDefense(FSCD)
responsible for the protection and
DirectorateGeneralofHealthServices
preservation of life, property, and the
(DGHS)
environment, including emergency
DisasterManagementBureau(DMB)
response providers as well as
DepartmentofReliefandRehabilitation
emergency management, search and
(DRR)
rescue, fire safety, public health,
CityCorporations
Box7
clinicalcare,andotherskilledsupport
personnel (such as equipment
operators) that provide immediate
support services during emergency operations. In this contingency planning process, the
followingagenciesareidentifiedasFirstResponderOrganizationsasshowninBox8.
In addition to above, the second level will consist of the utility and life line institutions
(water supply, electricity, gas supply, telecommunications, waste disposal etc)
transportationsystems(road,air,rail,andsea),ParamilitaryforcesandPolicewhichwill
be engaged in security, law and order functions. Third Responder Organizations are the
others such as line Ministries, Departments, City Development Authorities, NGOs/ INGOs,
electronic and paper Media, Community Based Organizations (CBOs), Civil Society
Organizations (CSOs), Academia, Development Partners will be the passive users of the
plan as they will be providing support services for plan implementation. The ultimate
beneficiarieswouldbethecommunitiesatrisktobringnormalcywithinafastestpossible
time.
116
CHAPTER2: EARTHQUAKETHREATINBANGLADESHAND
IDENTIFICATIONOFRISKSCENARIORELATEDTOCHITTAGONGCITY
2.1.INTRODUCTION
Over the past decades, urbanization in Bangladesh has been rapidly taking place without
properguidance.Asaresultmanyoftheurbancentershavedevelopedhaphazardly.These
urbancentersarefastgrowingandinfluencetheeconomicdevelopmentsofthecountry.It
is therefore essential to have a realistic understanding on the nature, severity and
consequences of likely damage/loss that a possible event of earthquake could cause. A
strong earthquake affecting a major urban center like Dhaka, Chittagong, or Sylhet may
result in damage and destructions of massive proportions and may have disastrous
consequencesfortheentirenation.
AlowtomoderatelevelofearthquakemaycauseSevierdamagestothelifeandproperty
that may go beyond the existing capacity of Chittagong City Corporation (CCC) within its
jurisdiction. Considering likely earthquake threat in Bangladesh, the Comprehensive
Disaster management Programme (CDMP) under the Ministry of Food and Disaster
Management of the Government of Bangladesh (GoB), took initiative to develop likely
scenarios of earthquake for Dhaka, Chittagong and Sylhet. This report presents the likely
building collapse, debris generation, fire hazards and casualties during different level of
earthquakes in these three cities and current preparations/ capacity of Chittagong City
Corporationandotherdepartmentstocopewiththesituation.
2.2.NATUREOFTHREATS
GeographicallyBangladeshislocatedclosetotheboundaryoftwoactiveplates:theIndian
plate in the west and the Eurasian plate in the east and north. In the past there where
severalearthquakesthatcausedseveredamagestolifeandproperties.Someofthemajor
earthquakes around the region includes the 1548 earthquake, the 1664 earthquake, the
1762earthquake,the1869Cachenearthquake(Ms7.5),the1885Bengalearthquake(Ms
7.0),the1897GreatAssamearthquake(Ms8.1),andthe1918Srimangalearthquake(Ms
7.6) (Earthquake in website Banglapedia; Oldham, 1883; Ambraseys, 2004; Bilham and
Hough, 2006 etc). However, Bangladesh did not experience any large earthquake since
20thcenturyforabout100years.The1918earthquakeisthoughtnottobeacharacteristic
one, since the magnitude is small for the plate boundary fault. This may mean that
Bangladesh has a high risk of large earthquake occurrence in near future. Several major
activefaults,e.g.theplateboundaryfault(thenorthernextensionofsubductionfault)and
theDaukiFault,areinferredinBangladesh.Thesefaultsmustgeneratelargeearthquakes
overM8.However,thenature,detailedlocation,andthefaultinghistoryonthesefaultsare
notwellknownyet(Morino,2009).
217
2.3.POTENTIALDAMAGEINDIFFERENTSCENARIOSOFEARTHQUAKE
Three different scenarios have been developed to identify the possible damage to
infrastructures,buildings,transportationandnumberofcasualties.Thescenariosareleast,
moderate and worst case as assumed based on different magnitude of earthquake.
FollowingarethescenariosofelementsatriskinthecityofChittagong.
BuildingsDamage
Itisestimatedthatabout168,783buildingswillbedamagedat8.5Mwearthquake.Thisis
about 93.00 % of the total number of buildings in the Chittagong city. During this time
about135,647buildingswillbedamagedbeyondrepair.About38,953buildingswillbeat
leastmoderatelydamagedatMw8.0earthquake.TheearthquakeatMw6.0willdamage
about110,782buildingswhichareabout61.00%ofthetotalnumberofbuildings.Atthe
sametimeanestimated37,617buildingswillbedamagedbeyondrepair.
CollateralHazards
Theremightbeseveralhazardsduetoearthquakewhichmayaffectstructuresaswellas
may cause damage to human life and increase economic losses. These collateral hazards
include fire, debris generations etc. Following are the possible fire hazards and debris
generationthatmayappearduetoearthquakeinDhaka,ChittagongandSylhet.
FireFollowingEarthquake
Firesoftenoccurafteranearthquake.Becauseofthenumberoffiresandthelackofwater
to fight the fires, they can often burn out of control. For this scenario development,
possibleestimationhasbeenmadeusingMonteCarlosimulationmodeltogetthenumber
ofignitionsandtheamountofburntarea.
In Chittagong during an earthquake of 8.5 Mw originated from Plate boundary fault1,
therewillbe699ignitionsthatwillburnabout6.54sq.mi11.49%ofthecityarea.Itis
also estimated thatthat the fireswill displace about 315,408 people and burn about 441
(millions of dollars) of building value. On the other hand an earthquake originated from
PlateBoundaryfault2at8.0Mwwillberesponsiblefor648ignitionsthatwillburnabout
5.87sq.mi10.31%ofthecity.Itisalsoestimatedthatthefireswilldisplaceabout312,052
people and burn about 433 (millions of dollars) of building value. The earthquake if
originatedfromunderthecityof6.0Mwwillberesponsiblefor699ignitionsthatwillburn
about6.24sq.mi10.96%ofthecity.Themodelalsoestimatesthatthefireswilldisplace
about314,421peopleandburnabout437(millionsofdollars)ofbuildingvalue.
218
DebrisGeneration
Estimatedtheamountsofdebristhatwillbegeneratedbytheearthquakearecategirized
intotwogeneralcategories:
a) Brick/Wood
b) ReinforcedConcrete/Steel.
This distinction is made because of the different types of material handling equipment
requiredtohandlethedebris.
During an earthquake of 8.5 Mw originated from Plate boundary fault1, a total of
13,350.00 million tons of debris will be generated. Out of this, Brick/Wood comprises
32.00%, with the remainder being Reinforced Concrete/Steel. If the debris tonnage is
converted to an estimated number of truckloads, it will require 534,000,000 truckloads
(@25tons/truck)toremovethedebrisgeneratedbytheearthquake.Ontheotherhandan
earthquake originated from Plate Boundary fault2 at 8.0 Mw will be responsible for
2,079.00 million tons of debris of which Brick/Wood comprises 29.00%, with the
remainder being Reinforced Concrete/Steel. If the debris tonnage is converted to an
estimatednumberoftruckloads,itwillrequire83,160,000truckloads(@25tons/truck)to
removethedebrisgeneratedbytheearthquake.Theearthquakeiforiginatedfromunder
thecityof6.0Mw,willgenerateanestimated5,423.00milliontonsofdebris.Outofthe
total amount, Brick/Wood comprises 31.00% of the total, with the remainder being
ReinforcedConcrete/Steel.Ifthedebristonnageisconvertedtoanestimatednumberof
truckloads,itwillrequire217,160,000truckloads(@25tons/truck)toremovethedebris
generatedbytheearthquake.
2.4.POTENTIALCASUALTIESINDIFFERENTSCENARIOSOFEARTHQUAKE
In order to take necessary preparation by different agencies, during earthquake study
underCDMP,thenumbersofpeoplethatwillbeinjuredandkilledbytheearthquakehave
been estimated into four (4) severity levels that describe the extent of the injuries. The
levelsaredescribedasfollows;
SeverityLevel1:Injurieswillrequiremedicalattentionbuthospitalizationisnot
needed.
SeverityLevel2:Injurieswillrequirehospitalizationbutarenotconsideredlife
threatening
SeverityLevel3:Injurieswillrequirehospitalizationandcanbecomelife
threateningifnotpromptlytreated.
SeverityLevel4:Victimsarekilledbytheearthquake.
The casualty estimations are for two times of day: 2:00 AM and 2:00 PM. These times
representtheperiodsofthedaythatdifferentsectorsofthecommunityareattheirpeak
219
occupancy loads. The 2:00 AM estimate considers that the residential occupancy load is
maximum and the 2:00 PM estimate considers that the educational, commercial and
industrial sector loads are maximum. Following are the description on the casualties in
Chittagongduringdifferenttimeondifferentscenarios.
During an earthquake at 8.5 Mw originated from Plate Boundary Fault1 at night time,
about 15 thousand people will be killed immediately after the earthquake. About 7
thousand people will require hospitalization and can become life threatening if not
promptly treated, about 46 thousand people will require hospitalization but are not
consideredlifethreateningandabout141thousandpeoplewillrequiremedicalattention
likefirstaidorsomekindoftreatment.Similarlyabout2thousandpeoplewillbekilled,
two thousand three hundred need to be hospitalized on a critical condition, fourteen
thousandneedtobehospitalizedonmoderateinjuriesandabout45thousandpeoplewill
requiremedicalattentionifthereisanearthquakeat8.0MwfromplateboundaryFault2.
Duringanearthquakeoriginatedfromunderthecityat6.0Mw,about5thousandpeople
willdieimmediately,abouttwothousandpeoplewillneedtobehospitalizedonacritical
condition, about 14 thousand people will require taking admission in hospital with
moderateinjuriesandabout46thousandpeoplewillrequiremedicalattention.
Table:CasualtiesinChittagongduringdifferentcasesinDifferentTime
Timeand
Case
2AM
Case1
Case2
Case3
2PM
Case1
Case2
Case3
Level1
Levelofcasualties
Level2
Level3
141,391
16,968
45,778
46,335
5,430
14,343
7,436
905
2,328
130,068
14,923
41,863
44,785
4,875
13,662
7,919
858
2,392
Level4
14,545
1,780
4,571
15,370
1,660
4,639
Source: Hazus calculation based on database, engineering geology

andseismichazard
An earthquake at 8.5 Mw originated from Plate Boundary Fault1 by day time, will kill
about 15 thousand people will be killed immediately after the earthquake. About 7
thousand people will require hospitalization and can become life threatening if not
promptly treated, about 46 thousand people will require hospitalization but are not
consideredlifethreateningandabout130thousandpeoplewillrequiremedicalattention
likefirstaidorsomekindoftreatment.Similarlyaboutonethousandsixhundredpeople
will be killed, nine three hundred need to be hospitalized on a critical condition, five
220
thousandneedtobehospitalizedonmoderateinjuriesandabout15thousandpeoplewill
requiremedicalattentionifthereisanearthquakeat8.0MwfromplateboundaryFault2.
Duringanearthquakeoriginatedfromunderthecityat6.0Mw,about5thousandpeople
willdieimmediately,abouttwothousandpeoplewillneedtobehospitalizedonacritical
condition, about 14 thousand people will require taking admission in hospital with
moderateinjuriesandabout42thousandpeoplewillrequiremedicalattention.
2.5. POSSIBLEAVAILABILITYOFHOSPITALBEDAFTERANEARTHQUAKE
During scenario development for three cities, available hospital beds and other facilities
areconsidered.Basedonthese,followingisalikelyscenarioofhospitalstocopewiththe
situation.
CurrentlyinChittagongthereareabout21,664hospitalbedsavailableforuse.Ontheday
afteranearthquakeat8.5Mw,only1,814hospitalbeds(8%)willbeavailableforuseby
patientsalreadyinthehospitalandthoseinjuredbytheearthquake.Afteroneweek,15%
ofthebedswillbebackinservice.By30days,20%willbeoperational.Afteranearthquake
at8.0Mw,about15,680hospitalbeds(72%)willbeavailableforusebypatientsalreadyin
thehospitalandthoseinjuredbytheearthquakeonthefirstday.Graduallyafteroneweek,
83%ofthebedswillbebackinserviceandby30days,92%willbeoperational.Afterand
earthquake at 6.0 Mw , the model estimates that only 8,774 hospital beds (41%) will be
availableforusebypatientsalreadyinthehospitalandthoseinjuredbytheearthquake.
After one week, 53% of the beds will be back in service. By 30 days, 72% will be
operational.
2.6.ESSENTIALFACILITIESDAMAGE
During anearthquake at 8.5 Mworiginated from PlateBoundary, 125 out 162 hospitals/
clinics will be completely damaged. At the same time 734 schools, one EOC, 10 out of 11
policestationsand8outof12firestationswillbetotallydamaged.Noneofthefacilities
willbefunctionalonthefirstdayofearthquake.
221
Table:ExpectedDamagetoEssentialFacilitiesinChittagongCityCorporationArea
#Facilities
Classification
Total
AtLeastModerate
Damage>50%
Complete
Damage>50%
With
Functionality
>50%onday1
Chittagong:Case
1
Hospitals
162
132
125
1,033
816
734
PoliceStations
11
10
10
FireStations
12
12
162
13
127
1,033
78
839
PoliceStations
11
FireStations
12
11
162
63
97
1,033
399
61
541
PoliceStations
11
FireStations
12
Schools
EOCs
Chittagong:Case2
Hospitals
Schools
EOCs
Chittagong:Case3
Hospitals
Schools
EOCs
Source:Hazuscalculationbasedondatabase,engineeringgeologyandseismichazard
About 13 hospital and clinics, 78 schools and one each of police and fire stations will be
moderately damaged if there is an earthquake at 8.0 Mw from plate boundary Fault2.
Duringanearthquakeoriginatedfromunderthecityat6.0Mw,61schoolsand4hospitals
222
will be completely damaged. However, during this situation most of the facilities will
remainunderoperationonethefirstdayoftheearthquake.
2.7.UTILITYDAMAGEINCHITTAGONGCITYCORPORATIONAREA
The following tables provide information on the damage to the utility lifeline systems.
Table 532 provides damage to the utility system facilities. While table 533 provides
estimates on the number of leaks and breaks by the pipelines of the utility systems. For
electric power and potable water, HAZUS performs a simplified system performance
analysis.
Table:ExpectedUtilitySystemFacilityDamageinChittagongCityCorporationArea
NumberofLocations
NumberofLocations
Potable
Water
72
72
4 0
5 72
Natural
Gas
22
22
2 0
Electrical
Power
Communica
tion
28,407 28,407
5
46
72
72
72 0
14
22
22
22
22 0
0 012,029 28,407
0 13,682 28,407 28,407 27,608 0
0 28,405
0 0
5 0
During an earthquake at 8.5 Mw originated from Plate Boundary, there will be moderate
dame in all systems like potable water, natural gas, electric power and communication.
During this time potable water system will be completely damaged in 4 locations and
naturalgassystemin2points.Atthesametimetherewillbe320leaksand407breaksin
AfterDay7
With
Functio
nality
>50%
WithCompleteDamage
AfterDay1
TotalNumber
AfterDay7
With
Functionali
ty>50%
AfterDay1
TotalNumber
AfterDay7
AfterDay1
TotalNumber
System
With
Function
ality
>50%
With at Least Moderate

Damage
NumberofLocations

Damage
WithCompleteDamage
Scenario3
WithCompleteDamage
Scenario2

Damage
Scenario1
223
watersupplynetwork,131leaksand59breaksinwastewaternetworkand104leaksand
125breaksingassupplynetwork.
Table:ExpectedUtilitySystemPipelineDamageinChittagongCityCorporationArea
Scenario1
Scenario2
Scenario3
Total
Total
Total
System Pipelines Number Number Pipelines Number Number Pipelines Number Number
of
of
of
of
of
of
Length
Length
Length
Leaks Breaks
Leaks Breaks
Leaks Breaks
(km)
(km)
(km)
Potable
Water
Waste
Water
Natural
Gas
542
320
407
542
17
53
542
38
120
34
131
59
34
34
217
104
125
217
16
217
11
34
Duringanearthquakeoriginatedfromunderthecityat6.0Mw,therewillbe38leaksand
120breaksinwatersupplynetwork,5leaksand6breaksinwastewaternetworkand11
leaksand34breaksingassupplynetwork.
224
CHAPTER3: CONCEPTOFOPERATIONS
3.1.GENERALOPERATIONS
MuchhasbeenwritteninregardstoBangladeshsvulnerabilitytoanumberofnaturaland
manmadedisasters.WhilecyclonesandfloodsmayposethegreatestrisktoBangladeshat
anationallevel,ithasbeenidentifiedthattheNorthEasternandSouthEasternregionsof
Bangladesh are vulnerable to earthquake (Bangladesh Disaster Risk Management Profile
2006).Aspertheseismicmacrozonationstudies,urbanareassuchasChittagong,Sylhet,
Dhaka,Rangpur,Bogra,Mymensingh,Comilla,Rajshahiarelocatedwithinpossibleseismic
active zone. Although some level of awareness is raised among population by various
institutions the country is far behind the minimum preparedness level to face such a
disaster occurrence in any of such urban areas. This chapter provides a more detailed
indicationofthecurrentsituationwithregardstopotentialearthquakeemergenciesunder
which this plan operates and the principles of operation that are utilised within
Bangladesh.
ManagementPrinciples
InthedraftNationalPolicyforDM,thehighestpriorityduringandafteradisasterhasbeen
accordedtoresponse,reliefandimmediaterecoveryofessentialservices,andtomedium
and longer term reconstruction and rehabilitation to a higher standard than before the
occurrenceofthedisaster.
In the emergency phase, main focus of the agencies involved in first responder functions
andmanagingtheearthquakeemergencysituationwillbeto:
Savelives
Providehumanitarianassistancetovictims
Restorationoflifelinefacilitiestoreduceorminimizethehardships
OperatiOnsPrinciples
In the predisaster phase the DMB will play a lead role in coordinating and ensuring
preparedness of first responder organizations for effective management of response
activitiesinpartnershipwithotherstakeholderagencies.DuringdisasterstheArmedForce
Divisionwilltaketheleadroleinrespondingtotheemergencysituation.Themainfunction
of Search and Rescue of victims will be handled by AFD with support from FSCD. Para
325
military forces, Police and community first responders will assist the professional S&R
personnelemployedbyFSCDandAFD.
TheReliefandwelfareofvictimsduringdisasterswillbehandledbytheDRR.Inreliefand
temporarysheltermanagement,strictadherencewillbeensuredtosocialjustice,equitable
distributionofrelief,neutralityandimpartialityintheprovisionofassistanceandrespect
for the dignity, values and culture of affected persons.Due consideration will be given to
activitieswithrespecttoInternallyDisplacedPersons(IDPs)asaresultofearthquakesand
collateral hazards associated with primary and secondary events. DMB and DRR will
coordinatewithMinistryofFood&DisasterManagementasrequired.
Currently,thereareseveralministriesandagencieshandlingdifferentfunctionsrelatedto
post disaster recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. During the post disaster period
DMB will coordinate on behalf of the MoFDM with all these ministries and agencies as
relevant,inplanningthelongtermrecoveryandtoreviewthesuccessofplanoperations
fornecessarymortifications.
CapacityAssessment
The shortfalls in existing capacities for responding to the needs during the disaster
situation will be tied to a scenario based assessment and can be analysed only after
production of hazard, vulnerability maps and loss estimation using HAZUS. The
capacity of respective first responder organizations needed to respond to such scenarios
will be determined against the potential earthquake events (of magnitude xyz) that
impact the cities of Dhaka, Chittagong, and Sylhet. The devastating effects, severity of
impacts will be compared against the ability of first responder organizations in terms of
their manpower, equipment, material, location of institutions and proximity to the
potentialzonesofhighimpact,healthcareneedsformasscasualtytreatment,andallother
needstorespondtoearthquakeemergencies.
3.2.STANDARDOPERATINGPROCEDURES(SOP)
National Earthquake Contingency Plan is a plan for management of earthquake
emergencies of any magnitude which describes the management arrangements;
relationships;strategiesandmechanismsforensuringeffectiveresponsetotheearthquake
emergencysituationsifandwhentheyoccur,indifferentscenarios.TheSOPsareneeded
to:
326
Executethecommandcontrolstructureforplanimplementationandhighlightthe
operating procedures of the plan in relation to respective first responder
organisations
Develop areporting structure between the National EmergencyOperations Center

andfirstresponderorganisations
Guidetheindividualswithinthefirstresponderorganizationswhoaremembersof
the overall response structure to discharge the assigned roles of the institution
effectively
Standing Operating Procedures (SOPs) should guide the respective first responder
organization to effectively discharge the assigned responsibility of each organisation or
agencythathasaroletoplaywithinthisNationalEarthquakeContingencyPlan.TheSOPs
for each responder organization have been developed and provided in the Agency level
ContingencyPlans.
The individual agencies are supposed to further expand the SOPs to reflect the vertical
level functional responsibilities and horizontal level coordination, control & command
structurewithintheorganization.
Through the SOPs, the first responder organizations under the National Earthquake
ContingencyPlanshoulddevelopareportingstructuretoreporttotheNationalEmergency
OperationsCenter.
The National Emergency Operations Center, which is being established separately, will
dealwithindetailthetasksofEmergencyOperations,includingallactivitiesrangingfrom
early warning through immediate recovery of essential services and public utilities,
coveringindetailtheemergencyresponseandoperationsprocedureformultistakeholder
responseindisasteroremergencysituationsindifferentscenarios.Incaseofearthquakes,
since there is no time for early warning the response functions will start soon after the
occurrence of earthquake but contingency plan has to be activated through an
announcementbytheHon.PrimeMinisterontheadviseontheSecretary,MinistryofFood
andDisastermanagementandtheDirectorGeneralofDisasterManagementBureau(DMB).
3.3.STAKEHOLDERS
Thereareanumberofinstitutions(ministries,departments,lineagenciesetc.)whohave
crucialrolestoplayduringthedisastersituation.Suchinstitutionsarethekeystakeholders
ofthiscontingencyplanandtheymustbeinvolvedineverystepoftheplandevelopment
process. Each stakeholder has different types and levels of functional responsibility
associatedwiththecomprehensiveearthquakecontingencyplan.Table3.1showsarange
327
of different stakeholders and the functions they are supposed to carry out during the
disastereventsaswellasintheplandevelopmentandimplementationprocess.
Table3.1:StakeholdersofNationalEarthquakeContingencyManagement
AGENCY
Ministry of Food
Management(MoFDM)
BROADAGENCYLEVELFUNCTIONS
and
Disaster
Planadministration
M&E
Plandevelopment,reviewandrevisions
Coordinationamongstakeholdersandfacilitate
developmentofAgencylevelplans
organizetrainingandpublicawarenessactivitiesrelatedto
planimplementation
operateanemergencyoperationcenter
facilitatepreparationofUnion,ThanaandDistrictlevelDM
plans
Directorate of Relief and Rehabilitation

(DRR)
ReliefOperationsandwelfareofvictimsafterdisaster
events
MaintenanceofCampsfordisplaced
ExecutionofRehabilitationschemes
AssistanceforContingencyPlanDevelopment
AssistanceforDMplanpreparationofUnion,Thanaand
Districtlevels
EnsureSafetyandsecurityofVictimsduringdisaster
events
SearchandRescue(S&R)operations
Responseactionssuchasdistributionoffood,water,
medicinesandfirstaidassistance,
SupporttheactionsbyGovt.agenciestoensurethewelfare
ofvictims
Securityforcriticalfacilities
PostdisasterimmediateRecoveryactions
AssistanceforRehabilitationofmostessential
Infrastructure
Fire Services and

Directorate(FSCD)
BangladeshPolice(BP)
Civil
Defence
Firefighting
SearchandRescue
Logisticsassistance
SupporttheactivitiesundertakenbyGovt.agenciesand
AFD
Maintenanceoflaw&order
328
City Corporations/
Commissioners
Office
of
the
Directorate General of Health services
(DGHS)
Bangladesh Power Development Board
(BPDB)
WaterandSewageAuthority(WASA)
CityDevelopmentAuthorities
GasSupplyAgencies
Bangladesh
Telecommunication
RegulatoryCommission(BTRC)
RoadsandHighwaysAgencies
SafetyofVictims
Trafficcontrolduringemergencies
AssistancetoGovt.agenciesandAFDforensuringthe
safetyandwelfareofvictimsduringdisasterevents
Assistincleaninganddisposalofdebrisduringdisaster
events
UndertakeCitydevelopmentprojectstoensuresafetyof
citydwellers
UndertakemeasurestoensureConservancy,sanitation
withinthecity
Maintenanceofopenareas,greenareas,parks,recreation
etcofcitydwellers
Healthandhygiene
Medicalcareofvictims
Triage
Recoveryprogramassistance
Psychosocialactivitiesforvictimfamilies
Emergencypowersupplytocriticalfacilities
Restorationofpowersupply
Emergencywatersupply
RehabilitationofWatersupplylines,storage,pumping
stations
Approvalofbuildingpermits
Mitigationandpreparednessmeasuresthroughphysical
planning
Landusecontrol
Recoveryprogramassistance
Restorationoffacilities
Rehabilitationandreconstruction
Emergencytelecommunication
Restorationofdestroyedfacilities
EmergencytelephonefacilitiesforEmergencyResponse
personnel
Restorationofdamagedroads,bridges
Rehabilitationandreconstructionoperations
EmergencyarrangementsforRoadsector(temporary
bridges,repairsetc.)
Professional bodies(Bangladesh Institute

of Planners, Bangladesh Institute of
Architects, Bangladesh Institute of
Engineers, Real Estate & Housing
Association of Bangladesh (REHAB),
other Professional Bodies, individual
Consultants
Recoveryprogramdesignassistance
Rehabilitationandreconstructionassistance
Research,
Planning,Implementationsupport
Technologytransfer
Knowledgemanagement
329
Bangladesh Red Crescent Society
(BDRCS),InternationalFederationofRed
Cross and Red Crescent Society (IFRC),
NGOs, International NGOs, NonProfit
Organization,ReligiousGroups
ResearchonVulnerability&Riskassessment
Capacitybuilding
Technologytransfer
AssistanceinRecoveryprogramdesign
AssistanceforContingencyPlanimplementation
Welfareofvictims(campmaintenance,healthand
sanitationetc.)
Reliefdistribution
Communityhealthandsanitation
CommunityfirstaidandPhysiosocialsupportforvictim
families
Awarenesscreationandsocialmarketing
Communityandhouseholdlevelpreparedness
Communitylevelreliefandresponseactivities
Awarenesscreationandsocialmarketing
Communityandhouseholdlevelpreparedness
Publicawareness
Informationdissemination
Situationreportsandearlywarningdissemination
Resources
Training&Education
Planimplementationsupport
ProvisionofResources
Technicalassistanceforresponseandearlyrecovery
GuidanceonInternationalconventions
Resourcesforearlyrecovery
Academia
CommunityBasedOrganizations(CBOs)
Media
PrivateSector
Donoragencies
UNagencies
Several formal and informal meetings, consultations were conducted to identify key
stakeholdersandtheirmandatesandpossiblerolesduringdisastereventsaspartofthis
contingency plan development process. Many agencies participated in the process with
clearmandatesandrolesfordisasterresponse.However,someofthemparticipatedinthe
processwithorwithoutclearagencymandates;becauseoforganizationmissions;concern
forsafety;communityresponsibilities.Whenfinalconsiderationsaremadeoninstitutional
mandates, consideration must be given to those who do not have mandates, in order to
createappropriatemandates.Whensuchmandatesarecreated,initiativeshouldbemade
tointegratethesameintotheprocesseffectively.
3.4.MANAGEMENT
Successful preparation and implementation of the Plan requires a welldesigned
management framework, including the four phases of good management: leadership,
planning, organizing, and monitoring and review. The Earthquake Contingency
330
management plan has paid special attention to create a comprehensive and effective
managementstructure.
Leadershipforplanmanagement
TheGovernmentofBangladeshhasmadea
strongcommitmenttotheprotectionoflife
and property of the people and the
environment of Bangladesh from the
consequencesofdisasters.TheMinistryof
Food & Disaster Management on behalf of
the Government of Bangladesh shall take
the lead role in disaster risk management
activitiesasshowninthebox8.
The MoFDM has been set up to:

facilitate implementation of DM projects
and programs;
design and implement programs;
coordinate Monitoring and Evaluation of
DRM programs; and,
Provide
technical
administrative support.
assistance
and
Box 8
TheMinistryofFood&DisasterManagementshallundertaketheleadershipresponsibility
forimplementationoftheNationalEarthquakeContingencyPlanendorsedbytheNational
Council for Disaster Management (NCDM) and the Disaster Management Bureau (DMB)
willcoordinatetheprocessofcontingencyplandevelopmentwiththesupportofallother
stakeholdersfacilitatingallefforts.
Planningprocess
ThetasksshownontheNationalEarthquakeContingencyPlandemandcarefulplanningto
accomplishtheresultsexpected.Incompliancewiththecurrentmandatoryprovisions,a
number of Cluster s/committees have been established to facilitate plan implementation.
Thereportingmechanismforreportingthereadinessoffirstresponderagencieshasbeen
established. The reports should reach the Secretary, Ministry of Food & Disaster
Management for onward reporting to National Council for Disaster Management (NCDM)
for further advice and guidance. The Disaster Management Bureau (DMB) will be the
operationalarmofMinistryofFood&DisasterManagementincoordinatingoperationsfor
achieving programme goals and objectives necessary to accomplish the tasks included in
theNationalEarthquakeContingencyPlan.WiththeguidanceandapprovaloftheMinistry
of Food & Disaster Management and National Council for Disaster Management (NCDM),
the DMB will undertake various interventions to mainstream National Earthquake
ContingencyPlantasksasacomponentofdevelopmentplanning.
AWorkingGrouphasbeenappointedasafollowuptotheRoundTableMeetingofvarious
key stakeholders which was participated also by the Secretary, Ministry of Food and
331
Disaster Management. The Round Table Meeting was participated by Heads of the
institutions which have key roles in earthquake disaster risk management. Members for
the Working Group are being nominated by these institutions for continuous update and
planning to the contingency plan, and regular monitoring of its implementation. The
members of the working Group include specialists, technical experts and members
representing different stakeholder agencies handling different aspects of earthquake risk
management. This Working Group also provides advice in specific contingency plan
activitiesandfunctionsattherespectivelevels.
3.5.MONITORINGANDEVALUATION
Theplanhasidentifiedspecificelementsandtaskstooperationalizetheplananddevelopa
workplanforthefuture.TheMonitoringandEvaluationPlan(M&E)shouldbepartofthe
overall work plan for implementation of the National Earthquake Contingency Plan.
Monitoringandevaluationofeachstepidentifiedintheworkplanisnecessarytoensure
thattheContingencyPlangoalsandobjectivesarebeingmet.Abenchmarkstudypriorto
project initiation and review of standards and guidelines applicable to respective project
providesevaluationcriteriaagainstwhichprojectmilestonescanbemeasured.Monitoring
against the established evaluation criteria may be carried out in a number of ways:
reportingrequirements;fieldvisits;progressreportsforeachactivityintheworkplan;and
development of a reporting system for reporting the readiness of First Responder
Organizations. The regular reports submitted to DMB by First Responder Organizations
willhelpincomparisonofstatusagainstinitialevaluationcriteria.
Regularmonitoringandevaluationenableschangesindirection,refinementofapproaches
andeliminationofunproductiveactivities.Italsowillhelptoimprovetheresourcebasein
terms of manpower, equipment etc. The capacity building programs should address the
manpowerneedsoftheFirstResponderOrganizations.Monitoringandevaluationshould
bedoneonaregularbasis(maybebiannually)andorfollowingmajordisasterevents.The
Plantaskshavetobereviewedagainsttheexpectedoutcomeandmodificationsshouldbe
executedinareaswhereimprovementsareneeded.
3.6.FUNCTIONALRESPONSECONCEPT
Aftertheoccurrenceofadamagingearthquakeanditsimpactonacommunity,therewill
beahugetaskofdifferentemergencyresponseactivitiesstartingfromdamageassessment
andneedanalysis(DANA),controloffires,rescueoftrappedpersons,treatmentofinjured
toprovidingsheltersandreliefsuppliestothedisplacedpeople.Thefollowingisthelistof
keyresponseactivitiesafteranyearthquakedisaster.
332
GeneralSearchandRescue
SpecialistSearchandRescue
HealthandMedicalService
Requestforexternalassistanceforsearchandrescue
LawEnforcement&Security
EmergencyShelter&MassCare
Firefighting/Rescue
Communications
DamageAssessment
Identification,Care&DisposalofDead(Coroner)
HazardousMaterialResponse
ReliefCoordination
Reliefdistribution
Health&WelfareofVisitors
Buildinginspection&demolition
InspectionofBridgesoverpasses,debris,etc
InspectionofSilos,smokestackspetroleumtankFarmsetc
Inspectionofdams,reservoirsetc
PublicInformationannouncements&warnings
Transportation
FinanceandClaims
Restoration
Utilities
PollutionofWaterways&MarineEnvironments
ImpactAssessment
Theseemergencytasks can be grouped into a number of functionalgroups as a planning

vehiclethroughwhichresponsibilitiescanbeassignedtoagroupofrelevantorganizations
forleadandsupportfunctions.Whenclusteringthemintofunctionalgroupsattemptswill
havetobemadetoidentifyinstitutionsresponsibleforeachactivity.Assigningfunctional
responsibilities to clusters and identifying lead and support institutions needed for
easiness of operations, maintain the command, control structure and undertake training
and capacity building operations by fixing the accountability to lead agencies in each
cluster.
3.7.FUNCTIONALGROUPS/CLUSTERS
Usually many agencies are involved in accomplishing the above mentioned response
activities immediately after occurrence of earthquake. However, experiences have shown
that these response activities are extremely complicated and no single agency alone can
performanyoftheresponseactivitiesfully;allrelatedorganizationshavetoworktogether
in a coordinated manner for optimum and efficient response. All agencies need to work
333
togetherinasystematicmannersothattheircapacitiesandresourcesarebestutilizedto
fulfil the need complimenting and supplementing other agencies. Realizing the need of
coordinatedandcomprehensiveemergencyresponse,UnitedNationshasbeenpromoting
its humanitarian response activities in a cluster approach. This approach is proved to be
effective and efficient in responding to recent disasters for example the response during
Oct. 8, 2005 earthquake in Pakistan. Hence, it has been decided that this concept of
responseoperationsinfunctionalclustersbeappliedinBangladeshalsoincaseofpossible
earthquakedisaster.
Inthisapproach,allresponseactivitiesaregroupedintorelevantfunctionalclustersbased
on the similarity of works, normal time and disaster time mandates of different relevant
organizationsandpossiblecomplimentarityintheresourcesandcapacities.
With the inputs from several formal and informal consultative meetings with key
stakeholders, Round Table and Working Group Meetings, and also from the guidance of
Technical Advisory Group of this Contingency Plan development process, the different
functionalresponsegroups(clusters)decidedtobeappliedinBangladeshareincludedin
Box9.
OperationalFunctionalGroups
Emergency Operations Cluster 1 Overall Command
andCoordination
EmergencyOperationsCluster2Search,Rescueand
Evacuation
HealthCluster
Relief Services (Food, Nutrition and other Relief)
Cluster
Shelter(IncludingCampManagement)Cluster
WaterSupply,SanitationandHygieneCluster
RestorationofUrbanServicesCluster
Transport(Road,Rail,Air,Sea)Cluster
SecurityandWelfareCluster
Box9
Main response activities to be performed and identified lead agency for each of the
functionalresponsegroupsarelistedinthefollowingTable:
334
Table3.2FunctionalResponseGroups(Clusters),MajorActivitiesandIdentified
LeadAgencies
Functional
Clusters
Activitiestobeperformed
Leadagency
Notificationofearthquakeoccurrence
MoFDM
Emergency
to/fromconcernedauthorities
(National
Operations
EOC)
Cluster 1 ConductrapidDamageandNeeds
Assessment,compileemergency
Overall
responseneedsandcoordinatefor
Command
appeals
and
Operationalizationofagency,cityetc.
Coordination
levelEmergencyOperationsCenters
(EOCs)
Facilitationandcoordinationfor
responseoperations
o Command,control,Coordination
amongresponseinstitutions
o Maintainproperchainofcommand
o Facilitationforlogisticsandrelief
transport
o Leadandoperationalzingthe
IncidentCommandSystem(ICS)
o Compilereportsregardingresponse
operations
Informationdissemination(media)and
communication
LightSearchandRescueatthe
Emergency
FSCD
neighbourhoodlevel
Operations
Cluster 2 Specializedsearchandrescue
Rubbleremoval
Search,
Rescue and FirstAid&FirstMedicalResponseto
provideemergencymedicaltreatment
Evacuation
Fieldlevelvictimtriaging
VictimTransportation
Medicalcareofvictimsandinjured
people
Evacuationfromhazardousareas
Firesafety&rescue
Quickrestorationofcriticalservices
(electricity,communication,
City
Restorationof
transportationandothercritical
Corporations
Urban
services)
Services
Detaildamageassessmentofbuildings,
Cluster
infrastructuresandotherfacilities
Restorationandrehabilitationof
utilitiesandservices
GlobalClusterPartners
(proposed)
UNOCHA,UNRC
IFRC
UNDP
335
Functional
Clusters
HealthCluster
Relief
Services
(Food,
Nutrition and
other Relief)
Cluster
Security and
Welfare
Cluster
Shelter
(Including
Camp
Management)
Cluster
WaterSupply,
Sanitation
and Hygiene
Cluster
Leadagency
PreparednessplanningforHospitals
DGHealth
ArrangementsforMedicareforinjured services
Childcareandreproductivehealth
Medicareforsickpeople
CounselingandPsychosocialtrauma
support
Mortuaryservices
Epidemiccontrol
Immunization
Needsanalysissurvey(toidentify
DRR
needsforvictims)
Supplyanddistributionoffooditems
Supplyanddistributionofnonfoodand
otherreliefitems
Managementofdead&Missing
Securityarrangements,Maintenanceof
lawandorder
Security(securityofpeopleand
properties)
Trafficcontrol
MaintenanceofInformationondead
andmissing
Identificationandreunificationof
displacedpeople
Establishmentoftemporaryshelters
Collectionanddistributionof
emergencyshelteritemseg.tents,
tarpaulinsetc.andassistancetopeople
forerectingsuchemergencyshelters
Identificationofpeoplethoseneeding
sheltersincamps
IdentificationofCampsfordisplaced
Sheltermanagement
Maintenanceofinformationrelatedto
IDPs
RapidDamageassessment
RestorationofWatersupply&
drainage
Sanitation
Wastedisposal
Vulnerabilityassessment
Damageassessmentandplanningfor
restorationoftransportationfacilities
(proposed)
WHO
UNICEF,IFRC,WFP
UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF
BP
AFD
IFRC
UNHCR
IOM
City
UNICEF
Corporations
336
Functional
Clusters
connectedwith
o Roadtransportation
o Railtransportation
Transport
o Airtransportation
(Road, Rail,
o Seatransportation
Air,
Sea) Arrangementsforquickrestorationof
Cluster
transportationfacilities
Leadagency
(proposed)
BRTA, CAAB, UNDP,WFP

BR,CPA
3.8.PLANCONTRIBUTORS
Current public and private sector institutions, which are actively involved in earthquake
riskmanagementactivities,are(butnotlimitedto):
BangladeshFireService&CivilDefense(FSCD)
BangladeshPolice(BP)
BangladeshAnsar&VDP
CityCorporationsandAuthorities
DepartmentofReliefandRehabilitation(DRR)
DirectorateGeneralofHealthServices(DGHS)
DhakaPowerDistributionCompany(DPDC)
WaterSupplyandSewerageAuthority(WASA)
TitasGasTransmissionandDistributionCo.Ltd.
BangladeshPowerDevelopmentBoard(BPDB)
OfficeofCommissionersintheDhaka,Chittagong,Sylhetcitycorporation
AnjumaneMofidulIslam,Bangladesh(AMI)
BangladeshRoadandTransportAuthority(BRTA)
GeologicalSurveyofBangladesh(GSB)
InstituteofArchitectsBangladesh(IAB)
InstitutionofEngineersBangladesh(IEB)
BangladeshInstituteofPlanners(BIP)
BangladeshGarmentManufacturersandExportersAssociation(BGMEA)
337
RealEstate&HousingAssociationofBangladesh(REHAB)
FederationofBangladeshChambersofCommerce(FBCCI)
BangladeshTelecommunicationsCompanyLimited(BTCL)
ElectronicandPrintMedia
VariousMobileCompanies:GrameenPhone,AKTEL,Banglalink,CityCell,TeleTalk)
NGOs: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC), Oxfam GB
Bangladesh Program, CARE Bangladesh, Islamic Relief Worldwide (IR), Action Aid
Bangladesh (AAB), Bangladesh Disaster Preparedness Centre (BDPC), Bangladesh
RedCrescentSociety(BDRCS),etc.
338
CHAPTER4: FUNCTIONALRESPONSEGROUPSANDTHEIRROLESAND
RESPONSIBILITIES
4.1.CLUSTER1EMERGENCYOPERATIONSOVERALLCOMMANDAND
COORDINATIONCLUSTER
PredisasterPhase
Objective: To prepare a framework for integrated response efforts by formulating a well coordinated
systemforreductionofimpactsofpotentialearthquakeevents
ClusterLead:ChittagongCityCorporation
ResponsibleMinistry:MinistryofLocalGovernmentandRuralDevelopment
MainTasksassignedtoleadandsupportagencies:
1) Network with National Emergency Operations Centre (NEOC), contributions to NEOC functions and
periodicreportingonreadiness2)ContributionstodisastereventresponsereportingsystemInstitutional
3)ICSdevelopmentatvariouslevels4)ParticipateintheCommand,Control,CoordinationStructure5)
Networkwithotheragenciesforinformationdissemination
Lead
Activities
SupportAgencies/Institutions
Agency
Development of Standard Operation Procedure
(SOP)
CCC
AFD,FSCD,Ansar&VDP,RAB,BDR
Establish National level 24/7 National

Emergency Operation Centre (National EOC)
CCC
FSCD,AFD
and participate in EOC operations and
reportingofreadiness
Setting up earthquake Incident Command
Systems (ICS) in place(establishment, training CCC
FSCD,Ansar&VDP,RAB,BDR,
andcapacitybuilding)whereappropriate
Organize ICS training and nominate
representativestoparticipateinICSestablished CCC
FSCD,Ansar&VDP,BDR
atvariouslevels
Develop a disaster event response reporting
system by stakeholder agencies (impacts,
resource needs, actions by them for reducing CCC
Ansar&VDP,RAB,DCOffice,BDR
the impact, difficulties, opportunities etc)
duringearthquake/anyotherdisasterevent
Promotionofinformaleducationonearthquake
Contingency Plan operations at all levels and CCC
NGOs
conductsimulations
Develop guidelines for media agencies on
reportingdisastereventsproceduresforpublic
information
dissemination
related
to
Office of Deputy Commissioner,
emergency declaration, announcements &
Bangladesh Television, Bangladesh
CCC
warnings on after shocks and disseminate
Betar, Private TV channels, Radio
public awareness & advocacy material to
channels,LocalNewspapers
support
contingency
planning
and
implementation
439
EarlyRecoveryPhase
EmergencyResponsePhase
Facilitate mobilization of earthquake incident

command system where necessary under the
CCC
command of AFD and Networking with
organizationsunderICS
Execute operation surveillance continuously CCC
coveringalltheearthquakeaffectedareas
ExpansionofNationalEOCtoaddresstheneeds CCC
after earthquake disaster event and facilitate
EOCoperations,Dailyorperiodicreportingby
stakeholders
CCC
Mobilize ICS teams at lower level command
structure
Facilitate coordination of logistic supply
management
CCC
Assist authorities for communications with CCC

media in relation to information dissemination
on welfare of victims, Missing and found,
ResultsonDamageassessmentsurveys,Results
on need assessment surveys and facilitate
mediacoveragebymediaagenciesonreporting
earthquakedisasterevent
Facilitate public information dissemination CCC
related
to
emergency
declaration,
announcements&warningsonaftershocksand
repeat of occurrences of other collateral
hazardsduetoaftershocks
CCC
Coordinate Operation Surveillance to reduce
impactsduetoaftershocks
Facilitate coordination of logistic supply CCC
management and deployment of resources to
affectedareas,IDPcampsetc
Conduct Post disaster Evaluation of CCC

performanceof
earthquakeincidentcommandsystemand
recommendimprovements
performanceofNationalEOCand
improvementwherenecessary
Facilitate continuation of EOC operations and CCC
periodicreportingduringearlyrecoveryperiod
to EOC on involvement of all first responder
organizationsinearthquakeeventmanagement
andfornecessaryassistance
FSCD, AFD, DRR, CMP, BR, BPDB,

CWASA, BGSL, Office of Divisional
Commissioner,OfficeofCivilSurgeon
Commissioner, Office of Civil Surgeon
andLocalNewspapers
FSCD, AFD, DRR, CMP, BR, CWASA,
BGSL, Office of Divisional
Commissioner
DRR, Office of Deputy Commissioner,
BetarandLocalNewspapers
DRR, Office of Deputy Commissioner,

Betar
AFD, FSCD, DRR, Office of Civil
Surgeon, CWASA, BPDB, Office of
DeputyCommissioner
Surgeon,CWASA, BGSL,BPDB,Office
ofDeputyCommissioner

440
Facilitatemediacoveragebymediaagencieson CCC
reporting of postearthquake disaster event
situation analysis and facilitate public
information
dissemination
related
to
emergency declaration, Announcements &
warnings on after shocks and possible impacts
duetocollateralhazards
Assist authorities for communications with CCC
media in relation to information dissemination
on welfare of victims, Missing and found,
Resultsondamageassessmentsurveys,Results
onneedassessmentsurveys
ReviewtheContingencyPlansundertheCluster CCC
EmergencyOperationsOverallCommandand
Coordination and revise the same to include
suitable modifications to improve the
performance
LocalElectronicandPrint
media
DRR,LocalElectronicandPrint
media

4.2.EMERGENCYOPERATIONSSEARCH,RESCUE&EVACUATIONCLUSTER
PredisasterPhase
Objectives:
Preparationofeffectiveplanforemergencyservices(Search,Rescue&Evacuation,FirstAid,Fire
Safetyetc.)byensuringinteragencycoordinationatnationallevel
BuildingtheCapacityofconcernedagenciesanddevelopingnationalguidelinesinthelightof
internationalpractice
ClusterLead:CCC
MainTasksassignedtoleadandSupportAgencies:
1) Search & Rescue 2) Fist aid & First Medical Response to provide emergency medical treatment 3)
Triage,stabilizationofvictimsbeforetreatment4)Firesafety&rescue
Lead
Activities
SupportAgencies/Institutions
Agency
Develop guidelines for meeting of INSARAG
AFD, BP, Office of Deputy
CCC
followingInternationalUSARGuideline
Commission
Cataloguing/procurement of equipment for
FSCD, AFD, Office of Civil Surgeon,
specialsearch&rescue&developprocedure CCC
BDRCS
forensuringaccess
Capacity building for creating special units
for urban search and rescue from collapsed
CCC
buildings, infrastructure, Medical First
BDRCS
Response
Capacity building of community first

responder groups in search and rescue CCC
operations,medicalfirstresponse

BDRCS
Develop medicolegal procedure for

identificationandtaggingofdeadbodieswith CCC
healthgroup

BDRCS,NGOs
441
Ensurefiresafetypreparations (throughpre CCC
positioningoffirehydrants,firestations,land
useplanning,developingdatabaseofsources
ofwater,storageofmaterialetc.)
FSCD,
Office
of
Deputy
Commissioner, CDA, CWASA, BPDB,
BGSL
Prepositioning of tools , equipment and

accessories get the civil authorities to
CCC
develop inventories of such equipment
availableforuseduringearthquakes
AFD, FSCD, Office of Deputy

Commissioner, LGED, CDA, CWASA,
BPDB,BGSL
Prepare resource inventory (equipment,

tools, accessories and manpower etc.) and
Procurement of necessary tools and CCC
equipment for urban S&R operations to fill
theagencylevelgaps

DRR, CMP, Bangladesh Ansar & VDP,
BR,CDA,CWASA,BGSL
Prepare guidelines for logistic supply

CCC
managementanddeploymentofresources
Capability assessment of agencies who could
CCC
beinvolvedinsearch&rescueoperations
Carry out the interagency coordination to
optimize the efforts of Search and Rescue
CCC
teams by providing necessary guidance and
inputs.
Supervision of compliance to INSARAG and

CCC
InternationalUSARguidelines
Coordination with national & international
teams engaged in USAR and coordination of
informationsupplyandfeedback
Mobilize special teams of US&R for search
and rescue from collapsed buildings,
infrastructure
Mobilizing necessary additional manpower,
toolsandequipmentforurbanS&Roperation
from other stations located outside the
affectedarea
Mobilize community based social volunteer
networks and trained first responders from
areasunaffectedtosupporttheS&Rparties
INSARAG marking should be done by CSSR
team
CCC
CCC
AFD,CMP, Bangladesh Ansar & VDP,

BDRCS,FSCD
BR,CDA,CWASA,BGSL
AFD, FSCD, Office of
BDRCS,
Office
Commissioner,CDA
AFD, FSCD, Office of
BDRCS,
Office
Commissioner
Civil Surgeon,
of
Deputy
Civil Surgeon,
of
Deputy
CCC
AFD, FSCD, Office of Civil Surgeon,

BDRCS,CWASA,CMP
CCC
FSCD,BangladeshAnsar&VDP
CCC
FSCD,AFD
Make arrangements to obtain resource

inventory and data base for S&R operations
CCC
andprovidedatabasedonthespatialdataon
rapidlossestimation

BR,CDA,CWASA,BGSL
BDRCS,CMP

CDA,CMP,DRR
442
EarlyRecoveryPhase
Networking with organizations and mobilize
support for search & rescue operations in
areaswhicharedifficulttoreach.
Mobilize community based social volunteer
networks and trained community first
responder groups to assist special units
mobilized for search and rescue from
collapsedbuildings,infrastructure
Make arrangements to Access Resource
inventory items for S&R operations and
mobilize support of external groups for
searchandrescueoperations
M&Eandpostdisasterperformance
evaluationofspecialunitsmobilizedfor
searchandrescuefromcollapsed
buildings,infrastructure
interagencycoordinationfunctions
Allrelevantemergencyservicesin
operationinearthquakeaffectedareas
aimingatreducingthehumancasualties
Review the Contingency Plans under the
Cluster Emergency Operations Search
Rescue and Evacuation and revise the same
to include suitable modifications to improve
theperformance
CCC

CDA,CMP,DRR,NGOs
CCC
FCSD, CMP, BDRCS, Bangladesh

Ansar&VDP,OfficeofCivilSurgeon
CCC
AFD, DRR, NGOs, Office of Civil

Surgeon
CCC

DRR,CMP,BangladeshAnsar&VDP
CCC

DRR,CMP,BangladeshAnsar&VDP
443
4.3.HEALTHCLUSTER
Emergency
Response
h
PredisasterPhase
Objectives:
Tominimizehumancasualtiesbyestablishinganefficientmedicalfirstresponsesysteminareas
withhighseismichazard
ToenhancethehospitalemergencymedicalcarethroughdevelopmentofHospitalPreparedness
plans
Capacitybuildingforsettingupawellorganizedmasscasualtytreatmentsystem.
Developepidemicsurveillancesystemtopreventoutbreakofepidemicsduringpostearthquake
period
ClusterLead:OfficeoftheCivilSurgeon
ResponsibleMinistry:MinistryofHealth&FamilyWelfare
1) Arrangements for Medicare for injured 2) Preparedness planning for Hospitals 3) Handling dead &
Missing4)Medicareforsick&injuredpeople5)CounselingandPhysiosocialsupport
Support
Activities
LeadAgency
Agencies/Institutions
HospitalPreparednessplanningandtrainingonHospital Officeofthe
CCC,BDRCS,NGOs
PreparednessforEmergencyoperations
CivilSurgeon
Methodology development for handling of dead and Officeofthe
AFD,BDRCS,CCC
missingduringearthquakesandemergencies
CivilSurgeon
Develop networks with private & government hospitals Officeofthe
AFD, CCC, Private
within the area and in the neighborhood for support CivilSurgeon
Clinics&Hospitals
duringemergencieslikeearthquakes
Developalertsystemforhospitalstaffincludingdoctors Officeofthe
AFD, CCC, Private
to report for work during emergencies such as CivilSurgeon
Clinics&Hospitals
earthquakes
AFD,
FSCD,
CCC,
Officeofthe
Private Clinics &
CivilSurgeon
Settingupof24/7Stateoftheartambulanceservices
Hospitals
Identify needs for prepositioning of medicine, Officeofthe
AFD,FSCD,CCC,NGOs
temporary hospitals etc and obtain the necessary CivilSurgeon
resources
Methodologydevelopmentforepidemicsurveillanceand Officeofthe
control
CivilSurgeon
AFD,FSCD,BDRCS
Conduct operation surveillance training for all First
Responder Organization for quick mobilization in
earthquakeevents
Train community medical first responders within the Officeofthe
AFD,FSCD,BDRCS
cityanddevelopadatabase
CivilSurgeon
Methodologydevelopmentforestimationofcasualtyand Officeofthe
AFD,FSCD,CCC
humaninjury
CivilSurgeon
Methodology development for estimation of livestock Officeofthe
AFD,FSCD,CCC
casualty
CivilSurgeon
Mobilize health teams for providing emergency medical Officeofthe
AFD,FSCD,DRR, NGOs
caretodisplacedpersons.
CivilSurgeon
Activatethealertsystemforhospitalstaffandvoluntary Officeofthe
Hospital and Clinic
groups to report to hospitals and medical centers as CivilSurgeon
authorities,
Medical
planned
Colleges
Mobilize health teams to provide first aid to displaced Officeofthe
FSCD,NGOs,BDRCS
andinjuredwhenandwherenecessary
CivilSurgeon
444
Mobilize health teams for setting up of temporary
hospitals in suitable locations, when and where
necessarytotreatinjuredandsickaftertheearthquake
Mobilize prepositioned medical facilities , Mobile
Hospitalsetctotreatinjuredandsick
Mobilizesupportfromotherhospitals(Privatehospitals,
hospitals located elsewhere etc) when and as needed
and coordinate with private and International Medical
Teamstooptimizetheircontributionstonationalefforts
insavinglivesandtreatmentofcriticallyinjured.
Mobilize medical first responders within the city to
assist field medical teams, Hospitals and Medical Clinic
authorities
MobilizetrainedTriageteamstoaffectedcitywardsand
controlpoints,transportationofinjuredtohospitals
Officeofthe
CivilSurgeon
AFD,CCC
Officeofthe
CivilSurgeon
Officeofthe
CivilSurgeon
AFD,FSCD,CCC
Officeofthe
CivilSurgeon
Hospital and Clinic

authorities, AFD,FSCD,
CCC
Hospital and Clinic
Authorities,CCC
Hospital and Clinic
authorities,AFD,FSCD,
CCC
AFD,CMP,FSCD
Officeofthe
CivilSurgeon
Officeofthe
Mobilize ambulance services to transport sick and
CivilSurgeon
injured
EarlyRecoveryPhase
Officeofthe
Mobilize health teams for tagging of dead bodies and
CivilSurgeon
locatingmissingduringtheearthquake
Get assistance from qualified professionals to conduct Officeofthe

rapid damage assessment of all health infrastructure CivilSurgeon
within the city and identify suitability for usage for
treatmentofinjuredandsick
Officeofthe
Establishingcounselingcenters
CivilSurgeon
Continue in providing emergency medical care to Officeofthe
displacedpersons.
CivilSurgeon
ConducttheM&EandperformanceevaluationofHealth Officeofthe
cluster activities and introduce necessary modifications CivilSurgeon
toimprovetheperformance
Conduct evaluation of performance of medical first Officeofthe
responder groups and improve the methodology for CivilSurgeon
trainingandsimulations
Conduct the evaluation of ambulance services to Officeofthe
transport sick and injured during emergencies and CivilSurgeon
introducemodificationstoimprovetheservices
Continue Assistance to authorities in mortuary Officeofthe
services(such as identifying dead & missing, issue of CivilSurgeon
death certificates for disposed and inventorying and
maintenanceofrecordsetc)
Follow medicolegal procedure for identification and Officeofthe
taggingofbodies,disposalofdeadbodies
CivilSurgeon
Conduct Evaluations of the level of preparedness & Officeofthe
performance during emergency by all Hospital and CivilSurgeon
Medicalinstitutions
Conduct review of the Contingency Plan for the Health Officeofthe
Cluster agencies and revise to integrate the CivilSurgeon
improvements
Hospital and Clinic

authorities,
FSCD,
NGOs
AFD,FSCD,CCC
CCC,NGOs
AFD,DRR,CCC
AFD, FSCD,
BDRCS,NGO
DRR,
NGOs,Media
NGOs, Hospital and
clinicauthorities
AFD,FSCD,DRR,NGOs,
BDRCS,
CMP,AFD,FSCD,CCC
AFD, Medias,
Society
Civil
AFD,FSCD,DRR, CCC
445
4.4.RELIEFSERVICES(FOOD,NUTRITIONANDOTHERRELIEF)CLUSTER
Objectives:
DamageAnalysisandNeedAssessmentsurveystoidentifyexternalneeds,
Ensureprovisionofnecessaryessentialfacilitiesfordisplacedafteremergencies
Provisionoffoodandnutrition,logisticsupplytodisplacedbasedonneedassessment
EfficientcoordinationwithUNAgencies,internationalandlocalNGOs,Donoragenciestosupplement
thegovernmentwelfareassistancetoIDPs
Intersection/Coordination
PredisasterPhase
ResponsibleMinistry:MinistryLocalGovernmentandRuralDevelopment
1) Damage Analysis and Need Assessment survey, 2 Arrangements for Food & nutrition and nonfood
suppliesfordisplaced
3) Maintenance of Camps for IDPs after emergencies, 4) Prevention of outbreak of epidemics within the
campssetupforIDPs
Support
Lead
Activities
Agencies/
Agency
Institutions
Networkingwithvariousstakeholdersanddevelopmentofsystem CCC
DoF,BDRCS
for reporting the stocks of supplies and resources (funding
agencies,NGOs&INGOsforidentificationofresources,improved
coordinationreliefmaterialdistribution)andmaintainadatabase
Develop guidelines, data formats and carry out capacity building CCC
DC,AFD
forDamageanalysisandNeedAssessment
Developguidelinesanddisseminateinformationon
CCC
AFD,BDRCS
Logisticsupplymanagementanddeploymentof
resources,
Maintainingoftemporaryofpermanentearthquake
shelters,
Distributionofwelfareitemsandfood,
Qualityassuranceforfoodandnutrition,
Settingupwelfarecampsbyallagencies
CCC
DRR, FSCD, AFD,
Develop Guidelines for community mobilization to increase the
BDRCS, Ansar &
communityparticipationinevacuationandcampmanagement
VDP
Establishregionalwarehousesforstoreofgovernmentsuppliesof CCC
DC,AFD,DRR
welfareitemsfoodandsupplementaryitems
Ensuregovernmentresourcesforbuyingadditionalwelfareitems CCC
DRR,DC
foodandsupplementaryitems
Developingguidelinesforrehabilitationofphysicallyhandicapped CCC
DRR
disabled&vulnerablegroups
Developinventoryofagencieswithinthecitywhopossesstocksof CCC
DC, DRR, AFD,
welfare items, foodand nutrition ,temporaryshelterandcamps,
BDRCS
water purification plants, Generators, Cooking facilities etc to be
usedincaseofemergencies
446
EarlyRecoveryPhase
PreparationofnecessarydocumentationforpreparationofFlash
appealsincollaborationwithUNagencies
Conduct of Damage Analysis and Need Assessment survey in
affected areas and preparation of estimates of items and other
urgent needs for obtaining donor support for external
contributions. Networking with various stakeholders (funding
agencies, NGOs & INGOs for mobilization of contributions,
improvedcoordinationofreliefmaterialdistribution)
Set up temporary camps to house IDPs and provide other
essentialitems(suchasFood,NutritionandotherRelief),Mobilize
supportfromNGOs,INGOsforprovidingassistancetoIDPs
MobilizationofcommunitysocialvolunteergroupsthroughLocal
Governments, CBOs and NGOs to assist setting up of camps for
IDPs,maintenanceofcampsetc
Network with ministries, departments, district authorities, UN
agencies,NGOs&INGOsformobilizationofsupportforsupply&
distributionofreliefmaterial&welfareitems.Supplyoffoodand
supplementary items through DCs, government departments,
other district authorities for distribution to victims, Conduct
surveysforqualityassuranceforfoodanddistribution
Identification of physically handicapped disabled for special
treatment
Liaise with relevant govt. Agencies, line departments, district
authorities, civil society agencies to ensure welfare of other
victims(those who are living in their own, those who are with
friendsandrelativesetc)andfoodsupply
Assist other stakeholder agencies such as NGOs and INGOs for
supply of food and supplementary items to displaced when and
where necessary thro assistance in national level procurement,
importofitems,customclarence,transportationtoaffectedareas
etc
Evaluation of overall performance of Cluster on Relief Services
(Food,NutritionandotherRelief)
Network with ministries, departments, district authorities, UN
agencies,NGOs&INGOsandassistanceforefficientcoordination
fordistributionofreliefmaterialwelfareitems
Conducting routine surveys for quality assurance for food and
nutrition distributions carried out by government and non
governmentagencies
Periodic Stocktaking ofcentral Godawns tocarryout qualitative
andquantitativeassessmentoffooditemsandfacilitateefficient
distribution
CCC
CCC
AFD,DRR,BDRCS
DC, DRR, NGOs,

AFD,FSCD
CCC
DRR, DC, NGO,

BDRCS,AFD
CCC
AFD,
DRR,
Bangladesh Ansar
&VDP,BDRCS
DC, AFD, DRR,
Bangladesh Ansar
&VDP,BDR
CCC
CCC
CCC
DRR,
Private
Hospitals, BDRCS,
SocialWelfare
DC,
AFD,
Bangladesh Ansar
&VDP
AFD,DC
CCC
CMP,DRR,AFD
CCC
DRRO,DC
CCC
AFD
CCC
NGOs, DC, INGOs,

NGOs,
DRR,
District
Food
Office
DRR,DC,AFD
CCC
Periodic visits to welfare camps and M&E of compliance of CCC

guidelinesformaintenanceofwelfarecampsbyallagencies
Provide necessary Assistance in documentation, tax payment if CCC
applicableandcustomclarenceetctootherstakeholderagencies
such as NGOs and INGOs for continues Supply of food and
supplementaryitemstodisplacedlocatedincampsforIDPs
CCC
Assistallagenciesprovidingwelfare,foodandnutritionsupport
DRR,DC, AFD
DRR,INGOs, AFD
447
for transportation and distribution of supplies to victims when
andwherenecessary
Review the Contingency Plan for the Cluster on Relief Services CCC
(Food, Nutrition and other Relief) and revise if necessary to
introducemeasurestoimproveperformance
DRR, NGOs, INGO,

BDRCS,AFD
4.5.SHELTER(INCLUDINGSETTINGUPTEMPORARYSHELTER)CLUSTER
PredisasterPhase
Objectives:
Toensureefficientrestorationofutilitiesandservicesafterearthquakessuchassupplyof
telecommunicationfacilities,power,gasand,wastedisposaletc
ToensuretemporaryshelterfordisplacedafterdisastereventssuchasEarthquakesandprovisionof
basicfacilitiestothesame
Topreventoutbreakoffireduetomalfunctioningofutilitiessuchasgas,electricitysupplyetc
Toensurepreventionofenvironmentaldisorderduetoreleaseofhazardouswasteandmaterial
1)VulnerabilityassessmentofUtilities2)RapidDamageassessment3)Restorationofutilities
4) Rehabilitation and recovery planning for utilities 5) Provision of temporary Shelter and basic essential
facilitiesfordisplaced
6)Actionstocontrolfireoutbreaks,environmentalhazardsetc
Support
Lead
Activities
Agency Agencies/Institutions
Conduct meetings with Utilities subcommittee for enhanced CCC
BGSL,CWASA, BPDB
preparednessmeasurestobeundertakenbyUtilityagenciesto
minimize impacts and to prevent malfunctioning of services
duringemergencies
Maintenance of stocks of most essential spare parts and CCC
BGSL,CWASA,BPDB
servicepersonalforattendingtolargescaleemergenciessuch
asearthquakes
Developguidelinesforvulnerabilityassessmentofutilitiesand CCC
BGSL,CWASA,BPDB
conduct training for Utility sector staff for undertaking
vulnerabilityassessments
Capacitybuildingofutilitysectorforcontingencyplanningand CCC
BGSL,CWASA,BPDB
planning for restoration of facilities and Implement Response
Capacity Assessment programs for reduction of impacts for
Utilitysectoranddevelopefficientresponsecapacity
CCC
BGSL,CWASA,BPDB
Design and implement projects for prepositioning of
emergencypowersupplyservicesforcriticalareas
Developprocedureforpostearthquakedamageassessmentof CCC
BGSL,CWASA,BPDB
allessentialutilitieswithinthecitybyutilitymanagers
Identification of all buildings(such as schools) which can be CCC
BGSL,CWASA,BPDB
used as Temporary shelter and conduct capacity assessment
surveyforidentificationofneeds
Provision of utility services for buildings identified as CCC
BGSL,CWASA,BPDB
448
EarlyRecoveryPhase
EmergencyResponsePhaseRole
temporaryShelters,andmaintainstocksofstandbyemergency
shelter items/equipment for quick mobilization during
establishment of temporary shelter(standby generators,
Temporarycampsetc)
Identification of all possible sources of Hazardous
waste/hazardous material release during emergencies and
conduct awareness programs to prevent environmental and
societalimpactsduetoreleaseofhazardoussubstanceduring
emergenciessuchasearthquakes
ImmediatelyactivatethePlanforshutoffofallsuppliesofGas,
electricity,Wastedisposaletcatallshutoffpoints.
Utility agencies undertake restoration work and actions to
rehabilitate supply of power, gas, etc to critical
agencies(hospitals,AFD,Police,evacuationcampssoon)
Conduct rapid damage assessment survey of power supply
systems(generation, distribution, supply) and restoration of
supply to critical facilities(such as hospitals, police, AFD, Fire
Serviceetc)
Organize project teams to conduct Rapid damage assessment
ofallessentialutilitieswithinthecitybyutilitymanagers
Mobilizeprepositionedemergencypowersupplyservicesfor
criticalareas
Obtain periodic situation reports and review the progress on
activationofContingencyPlansandrestorationofservicesby
utilityagencies
Conduct survey of Temporary shelter set up for IDPs for
qualitativeimprovementofshelterforIDPs
Develop early recovery Plans for setting up new Settlement
programs and rehabilitation of partially damage settlement
andhousingforsupplyofpermanentshelterforaffected.
Conducting damage assessment survey of all utilities and
prepare Plans for restore and rehabilitate supply of power,
water,gas,toaffectedareasandinwastedisposal
Conduct damage assessment survey of power supply
systems(generation, distribution, supply) and prepare
estimatesforrestorationofsupplytootherareas,Preparation
ofPlansforrehabilitation
Integrate mitigation and preparedness programs in Recovery
Planning by utilities for reduction of future earthquake
impactsduringrestorationoffacilities
Assistinrestorationofallessentialutilitiesandserviceswithin
thecitybyutilitymanagers
Provideperiodicsituationreportsonthestatusofrestoration
ofservicesandreviewtheprogress
Review the Performance of Cluster 5 Shelter (Including
settinguptemporaryCamps)andUtilityPlanningClusterand
introduce modifications to the Contingency Plan for better
performanceinfuture.
CCC
Relevant Industries,
Businessenterprises
CCC
BGSL,CWASA,BPDB
CCC
AFD,FSCD,
School,
College, Universities,
DMB,DRR,
AFD,
FSCD,
Universities,
CCC
CCC
CCC
BGSL, CWASA, BPDB,

AFD,
FSCD,
Universities,NGOs
BGSL,CWASA,BPDB
CCC
DRR,AFD,
CCC
AFD,FSCD,DRR
CCC
AFD, BGSL, CWASA,

BPDB
CCC
BGSL, CWASA, BPDB,

Universities,
CCC
BGSL,CWASA,BPDB
CCC
BGSL, CWASA, BPDB,

Universities
BGSL, CWASA, BPDB,
Universities
BGSL,CWASA,BPDB
CCC
CCC
449
4.6.WATERSUPPLY,SANITATIONANDHYGIENECLUSTER
Objectives: Quick restoration of water supply for provision of safe drinking water and sanitation
managementduringearthquakedisaster.
PredisasterPhase
1)DamageassessmentofWatersupply&drainage,wastemanagementsystems2)RestorationofWater
supply&drainage
3)Observe Sanitation norms during emergencies 4) Restoration of Waste disposal 5) Epidemic control
andImmunization
Support
Activities
LeadAgency
Developprocedureforvulnerabilityassessmentofwater CCC
CWASA,,DPHE
supply system, infrastructure facilities & buildings,
sewerage&drainagesystemsbyrespectivemanagers
Develop Contingency Plans for water and sanitation CCC
CWASA,DPHE
sector,wastemanagementsystemsatalllevelscovering
earthquake prone local government agencies by
respectivemanagers
Prepositioning of water supply deep wells to be used CWASA
CCC,DPHE
duringemergencies
Develop minimum standards for drinking water supply CCC
CWASA,DPHE
and issue guidelines to public, NGOs, INGOs and other
civilsocietyagencies
Develop guidelines for close surveillance in epidemic CCC
Office of Civil Surgeon,
outbreakandconductofpreparednessmeasuressuchas
AFD
Immunization programs , awareness programs to
preventepidemicoutbreaks
Develop guidelines with water and sanitation group for CCC
CWASA,DPHE
minimum sanitation levels to be maintained in
temporarysheltersetupforIDPs
Facilitate alternate systems for emergency water CCC
CWASA,DPHE, FSCD
supplies such as transportation by container trucks,
bowsersetc.
Promote household level long term water conservation CCC
CWASA,DPHE
methodssuchasrainwaterharvesting,watersoftening&
SODIStechniquesforwaterpurification
Activate the Contingency Plans for water and sanitation CCC
CWASA,AFD,DPHE
sectoratalllevelscoveringearthquakeaffectedareas
Observe the emergency water supply needs and CCC
CWASA,AFD,DPHE,
communicatetorelevantstakeholders
Closesurveillanceinepidemicoutbreakinaffectedareas Office of Civil AFD,DRR

due to problems connected with water and sanitation Surgeon
andmakeremedialactions
Rapid damage assessment of water supply, sewerage & CCC
AFD, CWASA, DPHE,
drainagesystemandinitiateactionsforrestoration
DRR,
Assistauthoritiestomaintainwatersupply&sanitation
facilitieswithinwelfarecampssetupforvictims
450
EarlyRecoveryPhase
Implement temporary shelter sanitation management CCC
systeminthetemporaryshelterforthebenefitofvictims
inaffectedareas
Arrangementsforqualitycheckofwatersources,bottled CCC
wateranddisposablewatercontainers
Carry out performance evaluation of response actions CCC
underclusterWaterSupply,SanitationandHygieneand
introduce suitable modifications to Contingency Plan to
improvetheperformance
CCC
Observeandfacilitatetheemergencywatersupplyneeds
andcommunicatetorelevantstakeholders
Closesurveillanceinepidemicoutbreakinaffectedareas CCC
due to problems connected with water and sanitation
andmakeremedialactions
Conduct Damage Assessment survey for Water supply CCC
facilities and develop Plans to restore and rehabilitate
water and sanitation sector facilities at all levels
coveringearthquakeaffectedareas
Conductperiodicqualitycheckofwatersources,portable CCC
watercontainersanddisposalofwaste
AFD,DRR,DPHE
AFD,DPHE
DRR,DPHE,CWASA
CWASA, DPHE, District
Administrations
CWASA,DPHE
CWASA,DPHE
CWASA,DPHE
4.7.RESTORATIONOFURBANSERVICESCLUSTER
Objectives:
IdentificationofcriticalpublicfacilitiesvulnerabletoEarthquakesandstrengtheningthesametoa
highersafetylevel
SpatialPlanning&landusecontrolforearthquakevulnerabilityreduction
Buildingcontrol&ensurecompliancetoBuildingCodepractices
PredisasterPhase
ResponsibleMinistry:MinistryofLocalGovernment&RuralDevelopment
1) Vulnerability assessment of building & facilities and ensure higher standards of building safety in
earthquakeproneareas,2)SpatialPlanning&landusecontrol(foremergencyevacuationandprovisionof
temporarysheltersbothindeveloped&undevelopedareas)3.Regularreviewingandupdatingofbuilding
codes(BC) and compliance with BC 4) Certification of suitability for occupancy after occurrence of
earthquakes
Support
Lead
Activities
Agency
Conduct scenario based need assessment survey for CCC
CWASA, BGSL, FSCD, DRR,
emergencyservicesforearthquakeproneurbanareas
OfficeofCivilSurgeon
andreporttoauthorities
Develop methodology for vulnerability assessment of
buildings & infrastructures and loss estimation to CCC
CDA
identifyhighriskareas
Developprocedureforrestrictingorpreventingentry
FSCD, Bangladesh Ansar &
CDA
intodamagedbuildings
VDP,AFD,CCC
Conduct Vulnerability assessment of important CDA
CCC,AFD
government buildings , critical facilities,
451
infrastructures (Govt. Hospitals, school buildings,

theatres,&otherimportantgovtbuildings,bridges)
Prepare location maps and collect other information
related to prepositioned essential facilities (bore
holes, tools , equipments , fire hydrants , temporary
hospitalsetc)tobeusedduringearthquakes
Develop guidelines for spatial planning & land use
control (for emergency evacuation and provision of
temporarysheltersbothindeveloped&undeveloped
areas) and revise land use Plans to create/preserve
open areas within urban areas, create more parks,
recreational areas , green areas suitable for
emergencyevacuations,createessentialfacilitiessuch
aswater,electricity
Develop guidelines for Recovery Planning at various
levels based on sector needs and special vulnerable
groups (gender, elder persons, children etc) through
integrationofearthquakeriskmanagementprinciples
toensurehigherseismicsafety.
Regular reviewing and updating of building codes to
integrateearthquakevulnerabilityreductionneedsin
buildings and methods and Efficient implementation
ofbuildingcodestointegrateearthquakevulnerability
reductionwithinthecity
Identification of evacuation routes in high risk areas
and take actions to improve access to inaccessible
areasforS&Ractions
Discuss with Private institutions(Business sector,
Garmentfactories,Industriesetc)tocreateawareness
on contingency planning to reduce losses and
casualties in work places and provide necessary
technicalassistanceandconductingmockdrilletc.for
contingencyplanning
EmergencyShutdownofcontrolswitches&valuesof
electricalsubstation,gascontrolcentersetc.
MobilizePrepositioned/standbyessentialemergency
support units and facilities(boreholes for emergency
watersupply,SearchandRescuestoresatcommunity
level, Standby generators, mobile kitchens, water
supplyandpurificationunits,mobilehospitalsetc)
Facilitatesafeevacuationofvictimsandtheprocessof
setting up evacuation centers in preidentified areas
forevacuation
Carryoutrapiddamageassessmentofcriticalfacilities
(school buildings, theatres, etc) & city buildings and
suitability check for using as Temporary offices, IDP
occupationetc
Facilitate provision of basic facilities to temporary
campssetupforIDPs,
Mobilize teams for rapid damage assessment of
housing units and dwellings and issue certificate for
CCC
CDA, FSCD, DRR,CWASA,

BGSL
CDA
CCC,CWASA,BGSL
CCC
CDA, FSCD, AFD, DRR,CMP,

CWASA,BGSL,NGOs
CDA
CCC,FSCD
CCC
CDA,FSCD,AFD,CMP,
CCC
Private
institutions(Business
sector, Garment factories,
Industriesetc),CDA
CCC
BGSL
CCC

Bangladesh Ansar & VDP,
AFD,CMP
AFD
CMP, Bangladesh Ansar &

VDP,
CCC
AFD,CCC
CDA
AFD
CDA
FSCD, CMP, Bangladesh

Ansar&VDP
AFD,CWASA,BGSL
452
EarlyRecoveryPhase
occupationafterearthquakeevent
Assistance for Rapid damage assessment of buildings
belong to First Responder agencies such as Armed
Forces Division, Fire service, Hospitals , Critical
GovernmentBuildings,forpreventionofoccupationof
unsafebuildingsandfurtherdamageaftershocks
Liaise with private institutions(Business sector,
Garment factories, Industries etc) for activating the
Contingency Plans to conduct rapid damage
assessments to work places and provide necessary
technicalassistance
Makingsuitablearrangementsandprovideassistance
to buildings allocated for VIPs, and Important
Ministries, departments for conducting rapid damage
assessment survey and issue of certificates for
ensuring suitability for occupation after the
earthquake
Carry out rescue operation for livelihood recovery in
earthquakeproneareas
Phase by phase restoration of disrupted power, gas
and water supply through assessment of degree of
damage
Provide assistance to AFD, Fire Service, Police,
Ministries,departmentsforconductingrapiddamage
assistanceanddevelopingestimatesforrehabilitation
ofservices
Rapid damage assessment survey and issue of
certificates to house owners and owners of other
buildings (business enterprises, shops, commercial
centers, inductees, garment factories, hotels etc)for
ensuring suitability for occupation after the
earthquake
CarryoutPlanningoperationsforsystematiccleaning
of debris , removal, transportation of debris, identify
dumpsites
Carry out city Planning operations for rehabilitation
and reconstruction of earthquake affected areas
through integration of earthquake risk management
principles
Carry out sector based early recovery Planning at
various levels through integration of earthquake risk
management principles to ensure higher seismic
safety.
Conduct a review of performance of the Cluster
Restoration of Urban Service and revise the
ContingencyPlanaccordingly
CDA
CCC,AFD
CCC
Private
institutions(Business
sector, Garment factories,
Industriesetc),CDA
CCC
AFD, FSCD, Office of Civil

Surgeon
CCC
FSCD,AFD
CCC
CMP,Ansar&VDP,CWASA,
BGCL,AFD,FSCD
CCC
AFD, CMP, Paramilitary,

CDA,CWASA
CDA
CCC
CDA
CCC
CDA
DRR,CWASA,BGSL,AFD
CCC
CDA,AFD,FSCD
CCC
CDA,Universities
453
4.8.TRANSPORTATION(ROAD,RAIL,AIR,WATERWAY,SEA)CLUSTER
PredisasterPhase
Objectives:
Identificationofvulnerabilitiesoftransportationinfrastructurestoearthquakesand
strengtheningthesametoahighersafetylevel
Torestorethetransportsystemafterearthquakeeventsformobilizationofresourcestothe
affectedareas
1) Vulnerability assessment of transportation infrastructures, 2) Planning for quick restoration of
transportationfacilities(Roadtransportation,Railtransportation,Airtransportation,Seatransportation),
3.)Arrangementsforquickrestorationoftransportationfacilities
Lead
Activities
SupportAgency
Agency
Develop guidelines for vulnerability
assessment of transport systems (road,
CDA, Chittagong Port Authority, Shah
railway, air, water ways) and Conduct CCC
Amanat International Airport, BRTC,
vulnerability assessment and strengthen
BIWTC
thebuildingsandtransportinfrastructure
CCC
DevelopEmergencyteamsforrestoration
offacilities
BIWTC
Study alternate transport arrangements CCC
incaseofearthquakesanddeveloproute
map
BIWTC
Develop coordination arrangements CCC
between
different
transport
authorities(road, air, sea) to function
BIWTC
duringemergencies
Develop Contingency plans for city level CCC
CDA,CMP,LGED
transportationsystemstoavoidhighrisk
areas
CCC
Make arrangements for storage of
essentialspareparts
BIWTC
Make arrangements to fabricate CCC
AFD
temporarybridges,
Actionbytransportauthoritiestorestore CCC
AFD, CDA, Chittagong Port Authority,
the transportation systems to reach
Shah Amanat International Airport,
criticalareasforS&Rteamsandsupplyof
BRTC, BIWTC DRR, FSCD, CMP, Office
relief
ofCivilSurgeon
Conductrapiddamageassessmentsurvey CCC
CDA, AFD, FSCD, Chittagong Port
andreportingbytransportauthoritiesfor
Authority, Shah Amanat International
obtaining cooperation of other agencies
Airport,BRTC,BIWTC
forrestorationoftransportationsystems.
CCC
Mobilizationofresourcesforactivationof
alternatetransportarrangements
BRTC,BIWTC
Notification of accessible routes after the CCC
CMP, AFD, CDA, Chittagong Port
earthquake event based on the rapid
Authority, Shah Amanat International
454
EarlyRecoveryPhase
assessmentandissueofupdatesregularly
afterrestorationofadditionalroutes
Conduct damage assessment survey of
transport systems due to impact of
occurrence of Earthquake and collateral
hazardsanddevelopPlansforrestoration
of transport systems to higher seismic
safety.
Assist actions by transport authorities to
identify
alternate
routes
for
transportationofessentialreliefsupplies,
foodstocks,welfareitemsetc
Commence rehabilitation of damaged
transportinfrastructureandfacilities,rail
roads,mainroads,ports,airportsetc
Review the performance of Cluster 8
Transportation (Road, rail, air, sea)
during the emergency response period
and revise the contingency Plan to
improvetheperformance
Airport, BRTC,BIWTC
CCC

BRTC,BIWTC
CCC

BRTC,BIWTC
CCC

BRTC,BIWTC
BRTC,BIWTC
CCC
4.9.SECURITY,ANDWELFARECLUSTER
PredisasterPhase
Objectives:Tomaintainthelawandordersituationduringemergenciessuchasearthquakes
ClusterLead:ChittagongMetropolitanPolice(CMP)
ResponsibleMinistry:MinistryofHomeAffairs
MainTasks:
1)Securityarrangementsduringemergenciestoensuresafetyofcitizensandprotectionofgovernment&
privateproperty,
2)Restrictentryintoaffectedareasbyunauthorizedpersons3)Trafficcontrolduringemergencies
Lead
Activities
SupportAgency
Agency
Develop a Comprehensive Plan for security CMP
AFD, BDR, BCG, Bangladesh Ansar &
arrangements for Citizens and protection of
VDP,RAB
government & private property, business
andindustriesaswellasformaintenanceof
law and order to be adopted during
emergenciessuchasearthquakes
Develop a comprehensive plan for traffic CMP
controlduringemergencies
VDP,RAB
Developguidelinesforcontrolofentrancein CMP
AFD, BDR, Bangladesh Ansar & VDP,
to damaged buildings, and restrict access to
RAB,FSCD,BCG
affectedareasbyunauthorizedpersons
Develop guidelines for evaluation of CMP
FSCD,BDR,BangladeshAnsar&VDP,
Security Planning and operations for
RAB, FSCD, BCG, AFD, Office of
maintenance of law and order during
DeputyCommissioners,
emergencies
Assist development of procedures for CCC
CMP,NGOs
handlingofdestituteandorphans
455
EarlyRecovery
Phase
Assist in promotion of social security

systems(insurance
schemes,microcredit,etc.)
Develop guidelines for integrating fire
hazard management as a component of
Earthquake response and early recovery
actions especially concerning temporary
shelter, government buildings, private
buildings, business enterprices,, utilities &
Services
Develop procedures for management and
maintenance of information on dead and
missing
Develop procedures for burial of dead,
funeralrights,mortuaryservicesetc
Activate the Security Plan for citizens and
protection of government & private
property, business and industries as well as
formaintenanceoflawandorder
Activate the Plan for traffic control during
emergencies
Exercise control of entrance in to damaged
buildings, and restrict access to affected
areasbyunauthorizedpersons
Conduct periodic M&E of security
operationsformaintenanceoflawandorder
duringemergencies
Activate the Plan for handling of destitute
andorphans
Assist in documentation and fulfillment of
other needs to benefit the beneficiaries of
social security systems such as insurance
Schemes,microcredit,etc.
Carry out the Plans for prevention and
controloffirehazardduetomainshockand
aftershocks
in
temporary
shelter,
government buildings, private buildings,
businessenterprises,,utilities&Services
Carry out the Plan for management and
maintenance of information on dead and
missing
Carry out the procedures for burial of dead,
funeralrights,mortuaryservicesetc
Review the performance of implementation
of Security Plan and arrangements during
earthquake emergency for safety of Citizens
and protection of Government & Private
Property,BusinessandIndustriesaswellas
for Maintenance of law and order to be
adopted during emergencies such as
earthquakes
CCC
LifeInsurancecompanies
FSCD
CCC,AFD,DRR,INGOs,NGOs
CMP
AFD, CCC, FSCD, Office of Civil

Surgeon
CMP
AFD,BDR,BangladeshAnsar&VDP,,
FSCD
VDP,RAB
CMP
CMP
CMP
CMP

VDP,RAB
RAB,FSCD,BCG
CCC
RAB, FSCD, BCG, AFD, Office of
DeputyCommissioner
NGOs,CMP
CCC
LifeInsurancecompanies
FSCD
AFD,DRR,CCC,INGOs,NGOs
CMP
AFD, CCC, FSCD, Office of Civil

Surgeon
CMP
AFD,BDR,BangladeshAnsar&VDP
CMP

VDP,RAB
456
Review the performance of implementation
of Plan for traffic control during
emergencies
Exercise control of entrance in to damaged
buildings, and restrict access to affected
areasbyunauthorizedpersons
Carry out evaluation of Security Planning
and operations for maintenance of law and
orderduringEarthquakeemergency
Conduct review of the Contingency Plan
under Cluster 9 Security and Welfare and
introduce suitable modifications in revising
thePlantoimprovetheperformance
CMP
CMP
CMP
CMP
RAB, BCG, AFD, Office of Deputy
Commissioners
RAB,FSCD,BCG
Commissioner
Commissioner
457
CHAPTER5: SPATIALANALYSISANDCONTINGENCYPLANFORKEY
ELEMENTS
Spatialanalysisandplanassociatedwithdifferentclustersareasinthefollowingsections:
5.1.CLUSTER1:OVERALLCOMMANDANDCOORDINATION
Earthquakethreattokeyemergencyresponseagencies
Continued functionality of key emergency response agencies is a crucial element in
achieving proper command, coordination and ultimately effective emergency response.
Therefore,potential earthquakerisks to the key agencies have been analyzed to evaluate
whether such agencies will be seriously affected. Potential earthquake hazards (ground
shaking, liquefaction, land subsidence etc.) during a scenario earthquake (Scenario 1
Earthquake),theresultfromHazard,VulnerabilityandRiskAssessmentComponentofthe
project,havebeenusedfortheevaluationofsucheffects.Map1includedinAnnex2shows
thelocationofdifferentkeyagenciesindifferenthazardareas.Asummaryofevaluationof
riskstothesefacilitiesisgiveninTable5.1inAnnex1.
The evaluations of probable damages to these facilities have been done based on the
general structural information that was extracted fromthe GIS database andobservation
from the satellite images. No detail structural vulnerability assessment surveys to these
structureshavebeenmade.Hence,thedamageevaluationsmentionedinthetablearevery
preliminary ones. For having damage evaluations at higher confidence levels, detail
vulnerabilityassessmentsofthesestructuresarerecommended.
5.2.CLUSTER2:EVACUATION,SEARCHANDRESCUE
Trapped,deadandselfevacuatedpopulation
Following basis has been taken for calculating number of people trapped needing search
andrescue;andthoseselfevacuatedwhofurtherneedevacuationtonearestsafeplaces:
Around60%ofthepeople(fromRADIUStool)incollapsedstructureswillbetrapped
inside out of which around 10% (from HAZUS) will die immediately. Hence, around
50%ofthepeopleareexpectedtobealive.But,all60%willrequiresearchandrescue.
Around 40% people from the collapsed structures can come out of the buildings
themselvesandneedevacuationimmediatelytothenearestsafeevacuationarea.
Population from all other buildings (damaged or undamaged) requires immediate

evacuationtothenearestsafeplace.
558
Based on above assumptions, calculations have been made to know the approximate
evacuation and search and rescue needs. These calculations are made for the scenario
earthquakeifoccurredinnighttime(maximumpossiblefiguresofdeathandinjury).
FromthecalculationsincludedinTable2inAnnex1,thetotalpopulationthoseneededto
be evacuated immediately to the nearest evacuation site is approximately 359,500 out of
which around 50% i.e. 179,800 (around 181,420 families) require temporary shelters
providedbygovernmentsofotheragencies.
Likewise, the total population which gets trapped inside damaged buildings is
approximately 57,330(Table 2 of Annex 1)out of which some will come out themselves,
some will be assistedby communityvolunteersand some may require medium to highly
specialized search and rescue as shown in Figure 1. Following the same proportion
suggestedinINSARAGGuidelines,approximately28,665victims(50%)canberescuedby
community themselves or with the light search and rescue teams, whereas another
approximately 28,665 (50%) requires medium to heavy search and rescue teams to take
themout.
Availableevacuationspacesandtheircapacity
The open areas available within Chittagong City Corporation area have been identified
fromtheGISmapandtheirapproximateareashavebeencalculated.Thedataonexisting
open spaces has also been collected from Chittagong City Development and verified with
thosefromGIS.However,nofieldverificationwasdone.Suchopenspacesincludesmaller
spaces ranging in hundreds of square meters to the bigger spaces ranging in several
thousandsofsquaremetersinarea.Thesmallerareasareappropriateonlyforimmediate
evacuation (assembly immediately after earthquake) whereas only bigger ones
approximatelylargerthan25,000squaremeters(whichcanaccommodateapproximately
500families)aretakenasappropriatefortemporaryshelterpurpose.Hence,areaslarger
than25,000squaremetersareconsideredfortemporaryshelters.
Open spaces in different locations of the city and their approximate areas are shown in
Tables4,5andMaps2,3inAnnexes.Thepopulationholdingcapacityofeachspaceisalso
shown. The spaces smaller than 25,000 square meters are proposed to be used as
immediate evacuation centers and the capacity of such space is calculated based on 1
squaremeterareaperpersonforimmediateevacuation.
Openspacesavailablewithintherestrictedareas,universities,colleges,institutionalareas
arenotincludedinthelist.
Evacuationroutes
Evacuation routes for immediate evacuation of the population from different
clusters/areashavebeenproposedinMap4inAnnex2.Onlytheroadswiththeirwidth
more than 6m are shown in the routes. Other smaller roads inside the cities will have
559
higherpossibilitiesofblockageduetoroaddamageitselforduetofallingdebrisfromthe
damagedhouses.Thedetailcalculationforsuchblockageisextremelycomplexinthedata
limited environment; therefore, such calculation has not been done. However, it is
recommendedthatsuchanalysisbedoneatthewardorclusterlevels.
SearchandRescue(SAR)needs
The total population that can be potentially trapped inside the damaged buildings is
approximately57,330asdiscussedaboveandpresentedinTable2ofAnnex1andMap5of
Annex 2. Out of which, approximately 28,665 people are required to be searched and
rescuedbymediumtoheavySARteams.
Figure1:Proportionofdifferentlevelsoftrappedvictims
(Source:INSARAGGuidelines)
Currently,thespecializedSARcapacityexistsonlywiththeArmedForcesDivision(AFD)
andFireServicesandCivilDefense(FSCD). Theseinstitutionshavefewtrainedteamson
specialized search and rescue courses such as Collapsed Structure Search and Rescue
(CSSR) course, Medical First Response (MFR) course. However, due to the lack of a
comprehensivedatabaseonavailabilityofdifferentemergencyresponsecapacitiesamong
different institutions, the actual capacity is not known and the calculation of deficit for
planning purpose could not be made. Therefore, it is recommended that such a capacity
assessmentneedstobecarriedout;andasimplechecklistsforsuchassessmentisincluded
asTables8inAnnex1.
Basedonthegeneralunderstandingandexperiencesfromothercountries,itcangenerally
be said that the national and local capacities for search and rescue will be overwhelmed
duringalargeearthquakedisastersituation.Andassistancefrominternationalsearchand
rescue teams becomes obvious. Such assistance should arrive within a shortest possible
timesothatmaximumvictimscanberescued.Requiredstandingorders,protocolsorany
other memoranda for the immediate request and mobilization for the international
assistanceneedtobeestablishedwithinstitutionslikeINSARAGbeforethedisasteroccurs.
Hence,itisrecommendedsuchprotocolsbeestablishedasquicklyaspossible.
560
Once the international search and rescue teams arrive, they need to be supported and
facilitatedbythecountriesintheireffectiveandtimelyoperationalization.Theyneedtobe
providedwithanareaformanagingtheirfieldoperationsusuallycalledBaseofOperations.
The available space within stadiums, or open spaces in restricted areas, or spaces in
institutional,educationalareascanbeutilizedforthispurpose.
The locations of institutions with SAR capacities i.e. the locations of AFD and FSCD along
withpotentiallocationsforBaseofOperationsareshowninMap6.Theseareasareshown
togetherwithvolumeoftrappedvictimsindifferentlocations.
Fuelrefillingstations,timberloggodowns,liftingtoolsandequipment(cranes)etc.arealso
some other key resources which play crucial role during the SAR operations. Hence, the
existingavailabilityandtheirlocationsareshowninMap7.
Firecontrol
Therearetotal16firestationsscatteredindifferentlocations,thecapacitiesofwhichare
shown in Table 6. Based on the information provided from relevant institutions and
extractedfromthepastexperiencesandpractices,theaveragetimerequiredtosuppress
an urban fire case is from hours to days for a team fire fighters. Using the average time
required,itcanbecalculatedthetotalnumberofteamoftrainedfirefightersarerequired
tocontrolallthefirecaseswithin24hoursortherequiredhourstocontrolthefireswith
theexistingcapacities.
The locations of existing fire fighting stations and their potential catchment areas are
showninMap8.
EvacuationandSARrequirementsineducationalfacilities
Incasethescenarioearthquakeoccursduringdaytime(schoolhours)
Locationandpopulationinmajoreducationalfacilities
EvacuationandSARneeds
5.3.CLUSTER3:HEALTH
Possibledamagetohealthfacilitiesandtheirfunctionality
All government hospitals and major private hospitals within Chittagong city have been
identified in GIS database and verified during the field survey under the Hazard,
VulnerabilityandRiskAssessmentProject.Existingcapacitiesofmajorhospitalshavebeen
assessed from the inventory surveys, meetings and discussions with the concerned
authorities.LocationsandcapacitiesofallmajorhospitalsareshowninTable7inAnnex.
561
Potentialdamagestothesehospitalsandtheprobabilityoftheirfunctionalityaredirectly
calculated by HAZUS tool based on the information provided. The probabilities of
functionalityofthehospitalsinscenarioearthquakeareshownintheMap9and10.
Needvs.capacity
Following factors need to be considered when analyzing the need vs capacity for
immediateemergencyresponse:
Immediatecareoftraumaticinjuries(48hours)
Secondarycareoftraumaticinjuriesandroutineemergencies(315days)
Temporaryfacilitytosubstituteforlocaldamagedhospitals(severalyears)
Primaryhealthcare
Clinicalservices
Requiredstaffinglevels
Communitylevels
1communityhealthworkerper5001000population
1skilled/traditionalbirthattendantper2,000population
1supervisorper10homevisitors
1seniorsupervisor
Peripheral health facility (for approx. 10,000 population) 25 staff: 1 qualified health
worker(formaximum50consultationsperday)
Centralhealthfacility(forapprox.50,000population)
min.5qualifiedhealthworkers
min.1doctor
1qualifiedhealthworkermax.50consultationsperday
1qualifiedhealthworkerfor2030beds,24hoursservice(forinpatient)
1nonqualifiedhealthworkerforORT(OralRehydrationTherapy)
1nonqualifiedhealthworkerforpharmacy
12fordressings,injections,sterilization
1technician
Nonqualifiedstaffforregistration,security,etc
Referralhospital:
Atleast1doctorwithsurgicalskills
562
1nursefor2030bedspershift
Controlofnoncommunicablediseases
Triagesystem
5.4.CLUSTER4:RELIEFSERVICES(FOOD,NUTRITIONANDOTHERRELIEF)
Food, water and other relief items should be calculated using Sphere standard for
emergenciesusingthetotalpopulationinimmediateshelter.
The population evacuated in immediate shelter requires about 560 cubic meters of
emergency water with the rate of 15 liters per capita per day. Total Population needing
evacuationshelterisabout870,000sotheimmediateshelterneedingpopulationexceeded
theopenspacecapacitywithinChittagongcitycorporationareaisveryhighandneedtobe
provided with immediate shelter in the shelter camps near to City Corporation. The
population who are taken outside require about 4,000 cubic meters of water per day. So
thetotalemergencywaterneededintheemergencysheltersisabout4,484cubicmeters
perday.
PrepositioningofthisamountofthewaterattheplannedspacesisgivenintheMap11in
AnnexII.
Theotherreliefitemcanbecalculatedaccordingly.
5.5.CLUSTER5:SHELTER(INCLUDINGCAMPMANAGEMENT)
Immediateshelterneeds
Generally, the population from residential/mixed residential buildings with extensive to
completedamageneedsassistanceforemergencyshelter.However,allthepopulationfrom
such buildings may not require shelters to be provided by government and relief
organizations.Partofthemwilltakeshelterattheirrelativesandfriendshouses,ormay
rent out spaces in remaining buildings (undamaged for partially damaged). Economic
condition,ethnicity,ownershipofland/building,agearesomecommonfactorswhichhave
greater influence on whether they require emergency shelter support by the relief
agencies. HAZUS includes an elaborate methodology for evaluating the percentage and
number ofhouseholds those requiring shelter assistance. To perform similar calculations
for Bangladesh following the same methodology, it will be rather difficult at this stage
becauseofthelackofseveraldatasetsrequired.Hence,anapproximatepercentageof50%
is reasonable for arriving at the number of households requiring shelter out of the total
householdsthoselosttheirhouses.
Averagehouseholdsizeof4.8hasbeenusedforChittagongcity(source:StatisticalPocket
BookBangladesh2008publishedbyBangladeshBureauofStatistics).
563
PossibleshelterneedsforthepopulationindifferentclustersinChittagongcityhavebeen
calculated based on the above methodology using GIS data and the summary of it is
presentedinTable2inAnnex1.
The open spaces: parks, playgrounds, recreational centers etc. are potential shelter areas
forthehomelesspopulationwhichareshowninMap3inAnnex2.Theopenspaceswithin
theChittagongCityCorporationaretakenintoconsiderationatthisstage;however,spaces
availableoutsidethecitycorporationareacanalsobeutilizedduringtheactualsituation.
Butidentificationandcalculationoftheseareashavenotbeendonewithinthistask.
TheSPHEREstandardforshelterprovisionis45squaremeterofsurfaceareaperperson.
However, realizing the scarcity of open spaces appropriate to be used as temporary
plannedorselfsettledsheltercamps,45squaremetersperfamilyisusedastherequired
minimum standard. The number of people/family that each potential shelter site can
accommodatehasbeencalculatedbasedthisbasis.
Temporaryplannedsheltercamps
TemporaryplannedsheltercampsareshowninMap4inAnnexII.
5.6.CLUSTER6:WATERSUPPLY,SANITATIONANDHYGIENE
WaterSupply
Averagewaterusefordrinking,cookingandpersonalhygieneinanyhouseholdisat
least15litresperpersonperday
The maximum distance from any household to the nearest water point is 500
metres
Queuingtimeatawatersourceisnomorethan15minutes
Ittakesnomorethanthreeminutestofilla20litrecontainer
ExcretaDisposal
Amaximumof20peopleuseeachtoilet
VectorControl
SolidWasteManagement
Drainage
564
5.7.CLUSTER7:RESTORATIONOFURBANSERVICES
Electricity
GIS maps for the facilitation of immediate response and early recovery are prepared based on
probable damage to the different components and included in this plan.
Prioritiesaresetforearlyrecoveryandlistedas:
Priority1:RepairSubstationsforSmallscaledamage
Priority2:Distributionlinestowardsthesheltercentres
Priority3:DistributionlinesrelatedtoIndustrialActivities
Priority4:Repairotherdistributionlines
Priority5:Majorrepairforsubstations
WaterSupply
For water supply restoration, the first priority should be on restoring wells, then the
pumps and then the major pipelines. As a huge number of people are required for
restoration of distribution pipelines, it will be done after restoringthe three components
mentionedabove.Theoverheadtanksarerestoredatlast.
Gas
Sothearrangementofcookinggasforabout62,275familiesisthemainchallengeduring
immediate response. At the same time, almost all of the gas line will be out of order and
therewillbeanenormousdemandfromthepublicfortheGAS.
GIS map with the numbers of families in different evacuation shelter is prepared to
facilitatethePrepositioningofthisamountofGASbeforeearthquake.
5.8.CLUSTER8:TRANSPORT(ROAD,RAIL,AIR,SEA)
Oneoftheimmediateactionsrelatedtoroadtransportationnetwork,afteranearthquake,
is to open some key roads facilitating urban search and rescue. Search and rescue
equipmentneed to transport todifferent locations for the effective rescue of the trapped
people. The direct damage to the road network and the heavy damage the buildings
indicatethatalloftheroadsgeteitherdirectdamageorgetblockedduetodebris.
Thepossibilityofroadblockagetothewiderroadisrelativelyless.Forexample,togeta12
m road blocked completely, it needs at 6 stories buildings in both side of the road get
collapsed. Maps are prepared for the possible functional roads after the earthquake for
facilitationimmediatesearchandrescue.Possibleblockagesofthesemajorroadsarealso
highlightedintheplansothattheemphasiscanbemadeforopeningthose.
565
The number of trapped people in different areas of the city and the number of people
trappedpersquarekilometresareanalysedtoprioritizethemajorroadstobeopenedfirst.
Map 12 in Annex II of this plan shows the direct damage to road transportation network. The
road blockage due to debris is of major concern than the direct damage for the majority of the
roads.
Map 13 in Annex II gives the major roads with more than 12m width with the buildings with 7
stories up in height showing the possible blockage.
5.9.CLUSTER9:SECURITYANDWELFARE
Threemainareasofthesecurityandwelfareare:
Generalsecurity
Managementofdeadbodies
Reunificationofpeople
566
CHAPTER6: ACTIONSTOSUPPORTPLANIMPLEMENTATION
6.1.CAPACITYBUILDING
A comprehensive understanding of
capacity building as defied by the United
Nations Agenda 21 states, Specifically,
capacity building encompasses the
countrys human, scientific, technological,
organizational,institutional,andresource
capabilities.(Chapter37,UNCED,1992).
This would mean assessing the needs in
relation to current or existing capacities
and enhancing it to a level, which can
satisfy the needs. It is important that our
understanding of capacity building
emanates from the platform of human
resource needs, which would need skills,
(crafts,andlabour),knowledge(technical
and indigenous) and character (attitudes
and motivation). Following three
important issues are needed to be
addressed for national capacity building
to face earthquake emergencies of the
country.
1.2.CAPACITYBUILDING,AWARENESS
CREATIONANDADVOCACYACTIVITIES
Training and Education
Pre-Positioning
of
Emergency
Facilities at important Urban Centers
and critical locations
Resource
mobilization
for
addressingthegaps
Community
Level
Awareness
Programme
AwarenesscampaignsforDifferent
GovernmentOfficialsatCitylevel
Creating awareness among Private
sectorinstitutions
PublicAwarenessCampaigns
SchoolAwarenessprogrammes
SupportiveRoleofMedia
AdvocacyCampaignsformobilizing
support of political leaders for
ContingencyPlanimplementation
Box10
6.2.TRAININGANDEDUCATION
Training and Education include trainings for different strata of administration and
technical personnel, field officers, NGOs, business community, CBOs, selected community
leadersandvolunteers.IndevelopingplansforTrainingandEducationunderContingency
PlanningforEarthquakesneedtoconsiderappropriatenessofsuchactivitiesalreadybeing
conducted by various agencies for different Target Groups. Based on the Training Needs
Analysis conducted by the Contingency Planning Project Team, the categories of trainees
andtypesoftrainingtobeconductedarelistedinthefollowingTable.
667
Typeoftraining
Contingency
development
Training
functions
in
Plan
EOC
Targetgroup
Deliverymethod
Bywhom
FirstResponderAgencies
TrainingWorkshops.
DMB
Utility services agencies and

lifelineagencies
Training workshop/Guideline
forcontingencyplanning
DMB
Otheragencies
IssueGuidelineforcontingency
planning
DMB
Ward/Communitylevel
planningandtrainingforNGOs
to undertake planning at ward
level
DMB
Private sector institutions,

banks,industries,factories
planning
DMB
DMB, Other
agencies
IssueSOPs
DMB
government
Training on Incident
CommandSystem(ICS)
AFD, Stakeholders within city

corporations
of
Dhaka,
Chittagong,Sylhet
CitylevelTrainingworkshops
DMB
Training on Damage
assessment and need
analysis(DANA)
DMB, DRR, other national

levelrelevantstakeholders
National
level
workshops
DMB
Earthquake Response
simulations/table top
exercises
Health Service, FSCD, AFD,

DMB,DRR,citycorporations
CitylevelTrainingworkshops
Training
668
DMB
Professional
First
responder
courses(Collapse
Building Search &
Rescue, Medical First
Respondertraining)
AFD,FSCD,Auxiliaryforces,
PEERtrainingdeliverymethod
By Instructors trained by
PEER training program as
per
government
commitment
Hospital Preparedness
foremergencies(HOPE)
Health services, National and

citylevelhospitals
PEERtrainingdeliverymethod
PEER training program as
per
government
commitment
Community level first

responders
Community Volunteer groups

inthreecities
FSCD training course on

communityfirstresponders
FSCD as per arrangement

withCDMP
Red Cross and Red Crescent

volunteers
PEER
community
first
respondertrainingprogram
PEER training program
and
PEER
training
schedule
Restoration of Utility
services
Field teams attachedto utility

agencies
Trainingprogramsdesignedby
utilityagencies
Byutilityagencies
Restoration of life line

facilities
Fieldteamsattachedtolifeline
agencies
TrainingWorkshops.
Bylifelineagencies
669
6.3.PREPOSITIONINGOF EMERGENCY FACILITIESATIMPORTANT URBAN CENTERSANDCRITICAL

LOCATIONS
An efficient emergency response system can be in place as planned in areas where
damage is minimum but in areas where the damages are high due to occurrence of
earthquake event there will be a high demand for search and rescue operations and
otherresponseactionsbutworkinginsuchareaswillbeextremelydifficultduetonon
functioning of most of the essential facilities. In areas where high risk is found and
heavylossesareanticipatedpriorarrangementshavetobemadetoreplacepotential
nonfunctional facilities or enhance the existing capacity. In some cases the demand
maybehigherthanwhatisavailableduetoadditionaldemandcreatedbytheevent,in
such areas the additional facilities will help to respond to increased demand. Also in
some cases due to damages and destructions expected services can not be made
available to certain other areas and First Responder Agencys may have difficulties to
engageefficientlyintheirexpectedroles.
In order to ease the situation certain facilities or materials are suggested to be pre
positioned in such a way that such facilities can be utilized immediately after the
disastereventasanalternativesource.
Someofsuchsuggestedfacilitiesaregivenbelow;
Table6.2SuggestedfacilitiesforprepositioningofEmergency
Facility
Purpose
Water
supply
wells(deep tube
wells)
Emergency water supply for

drinking
Emergency water supply for fire
fighting
location
Number
Ref. maps of Ref

city
level relevant
plan for each Tables
city
Temporary
Hospitals
Temporary
shelter
Emergency
To provide emergency medical care

duringmasscasualtysituations
To be used as temporary shelter

fordisplaced
To be used as temporary office
facilities,warehouses,etc
Emergencyrescueitems,equipments
70
Rescuecontainers to be used by community first

responders
Generators
Provide electricity for essential

locations such as hospitals, medical
storage,foodstorageetc
Water
Tobeusedforevacuationcampsfor
purification
displaced
plants,
mobile
kitchens,etc
Heavy
ForUrbansearchandrescue
equipments and
tools
6.4.RESOURCEMOBILIZATION
i) CDMPPhaseII
Comprehensive Disaster Management Program (CDMP) of the Government of
Bangladesh (GoB) currently being implemented by the Ministry of Food and Disaster
Management(MoFDM)maygetextendedtoitssecondphaseaftercompletionofPhase
I in 2009 August. CDMP is currently funded by the United Nations Development
Programme(UNDP),UKDepartmentforInternationalDevelopmentBangladesh(DFID
B)andtheEuropeanCommission(EC)andsuchfundingsupportwillbeextendedtoits
secondphaseandifsuchresourceneedscanbeidentifiedunderphaseIsuchneedscan
beincludedinthePhaseIIasCDMPisdesignedtostrengthentheBangladeshDisaster
Managementsystemandmorespecificallytoachievetheparadigmshiftfromreactive
responsetoaproactiveriskreductionculture.
ii) UNsystemsupport
TheUnitedNationsDisasterManagementTeam(UNDMT)isexpectedtoexistineach
disasterpronecountryanditcanassistincapacitybuildingofmostessentialareasof
deficiency. The UNDMT comprising a core group represented by the country level
representatives of FAO, UNDP, UNICEF, WFP, WHO and UNHCR when present in the
country, is convened as necessary and chaired by the UN Resident Coordinator/
Humanitarian Coordinator (RC/HC), who is normally assisted by the mandated
agencies.
71
TheUnitedNationsDisasterAssessmentandCoordination(UNDAC)systemisdesigned
toassisttheUnitedNationsysteminmeetinginternationalneedsforearlyandaccurate
informationsupplyduringtheinitialphaseofasuddenonsetofanemergency.Italso
helpsinthecoordinationofincominginternationalreliefatnationalleveland/oratthe
siteofemergency.OtherUNAgenciessuchasUNOCHA,WFP,UNBCPR,WHOprovide
different kind of assistance during disasters. Contingency Plan should have links to
obtainsuchagencysupportanditisbetteriftheassistanceneededinimplementation
ofContingencyPlancanbedefinedduringcapacityassessment.
iii) SupportfromINGOs,Donorcommunity
The Red Cross system and International NGOs such as CARE, Oxfam, Islamic relief,
ActionAid etc have their own assessments and Contingency Plans for assisting
countries.DMBandDRRcanhaveacoordinationmechanismwithallsuchINGOsand
DonoragenciessuchasUSAID,DEFIDforassistanceforemergencyresponse.Itisbetter
some agreements can be worked out for not only for emergency response needs but
also capacity building of community responder teams and other assistance such as
material,equipmentetc.InvolvementofNGOsandINGOsinEarthquakePreparedness
Planning in the respective geographical areas where they are active will be very
effective.SucheffortsbyNGOsareunderwayinordertotrainFirstResponderteamsin
selected districts of Bangladesh. Discussions are on the way with other NGOs for
similarinitiativessuchasdevelopingdisastermitigationplans&preparednessplansat
differentlevels;CBDMactivitiesetc.Thegovernmentwilltakestepstostipulateapolicy
framework within which NGOs and INGOs will be able to operate within Bangladesh
andcomplementtheactionstakenbysomeofthegovernmentfirstresponderagencys.
Suchactivitiesmayinclude:
Responseactivitiesrelatedtomedicalfirstresponse,counselling,psychosocial
supportetc.
Communityfirstresponse
Preparednessplanningatcommunityandhouseholdlevel
Awarenesscreation,advocacyandtraining
iv) OtherOpportunitiesforCapacitybuildingofEnhancementofEmergency
Response
The Program for Enhancement of Emergency Response (PEER) is a regional training
programinitiatedin1998bytheU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopments,Officeof
U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA) to strengthen disaster response
capacitiesinAsia.
InMarch2003,BangladeshwasincludedasthefifthpartnercountryintheProgramfor
Enhancement of Emergency Response (PEER), joining India, Indonesia, Nepal and the
72
Philippines the four PEER countries in Phase I of the program (19982003). These
countries were selected to participate in the program based on their high seismic
vulnerability,theirneedtoimprovetheirdisasterresponsecapacity,andtheintereston
the part of their national governments to participate in the program.PEER countries
wereselectedbasedonseismicvulnerabilityandPEERisnowinthefifthyearofphase
II(20032008).
PEER implements activities in Bangladesh under the coordinating authority of the
Ministry of Food and Disaster Management (MoFDM), with which the program has a
Memorandum of Understanding. The designated training institution for Medical First
Responder (MFR) and Collapsed Structure Search and Rescue (CSSR) training is the
BangladeshFireService&CivilDefence(FSCD).Thedesignatedtraininginstitutionfor
HospitalPreparednessforEmergencies(HOPE)istheNationalInstituteforPreventive
Medicine (NIPSOM), which falls under the authority of the Ministry of Health and
FamilyWelfare.
The National Society for Earthquake Technology (NSET), Nepal, in collaboration with
threeU.S.partners,managesPEER,InternationalResourcesGroup(IRG),JohnsHopkins
University/Center for International Emergencies, Disasters and Refugee Studies
(CIEDRS),andSafetySolutions,Inc.
PEERGraduates
PEERInstructorW/sGraduates
PEERconductedSeventeendifferentprogramsinBangladeshfromMarch2003December
2007.PEERwasabletoproduce79graduatesand34IWgraduatesforMFR,48graduates
and34IWgraduatesforCSSR,73TFIgraduates,79graduatesand9IWgraduatesforHOPE
and 13 Master Instructors Workshop graduates. These IW graduates can be utilized as
assistant instructors and instructors for the PEER courses. In the process of
institutionalizingandnationalizingPEERcoursesinthecountry,NSETPEERisassistingthe
Fire Service and Civil Defense (FSCD) and National Institute of Preventive and Social
73
Medicineindevelopingtheirpoolofinstructors.
ThePEERstage3willbestartedfrom2009andhasthreecomponentsincludedinits
nextphase;
PEERtraininginordertoincreasetheInstructorsandmasterinstructorsforCSSR,
HOPE,MFRetc.;
ConductofHOPEcourseandprepareHospitalemergencyplans;
Developcurriculumforcommunityfirstrespondertraining;
6.5.AWARENESSCREATION
Low understanding of risk can be the result of inadequate capacity of locallevel
community to understand the risk environment, inadequacy of knowledge on
infrastructure,whichcanprotectvulnerablecommunities,lackofknowledgeorlackof
confidence on early warning or other inadequacies for behavioral change for
improvementoflivingconditions.Riskcommunicationasaneffectivetoolormeasure
forcreatingappropriateunderstandingontheunacceptabilityofprevailingconditions
ofriskcancrossmoreboundaries(askilloncelearnedcanbetaughtmoreeasilythana
safe building can be built). An informed public can take action before, during the
following disaster onset to reduce the risk of injury and loss. An effective public
awarenesseducationcampaignrequiresthecoordinatedeffortsofallthestakeholders
such as the government officials and community members, media, scientific and
technicalexperts,businessleadersanddevelopmentworkers,civilsocietygroupsetc.
6.5.1
CommunityLevelAwarenessProgramme
Followingaspectsshouldbecoveredinawarenessprogrammes
Inasituationofanimpendingearthquakedisaster,
Encouragepeopletokeepfuelintheircarsaspetrolpumpsmaybeclosedduring
emergencies.
Askpeopletokeepgassupplylineclosedalwaysafterutilization
Ask people to shut off the electricity main switches, gas and water valves, soon
after the earthquake if they do not have a fixed automatic disconnecting
mechanisms
Closeandlockdoorsandwindowsandsecuretheirhomesbeforeleaving.
Askpeopletolistentoabatterypoweredradioandfollowlocalinstructions.
74
Ifthedangerisachemicalrelease,thenpeopleshouldbeinstructedtoevacuate
immediately.
Leaveearlyenoughtoavoidbeingtrapped.
Followrecommendedevacuationroutes.
Nottomoveordriveintoareasheavydestructionsorareaswithfirebreakout.
Stayawayfromfallenpowerlines.
Releasepetsanddomesticanimals
Communityshouldsetthelivestockfree
Earthquake survival kit: The

earthquakes normally generate a
high number of displaced people
and also many people will be
trapped inside buildings. The
immediatelifesupportandsurvival
will depend on how fast they can
get external assistance. Until such
time they need to survive through
their own supplies and it is highly
recommended that at community
level they have prepared an
Earthquake survival kit. Families
shouldbeencouragedtotakealong
with them during earthquake
emergencies adequate supplies
suchasshowninthebox11:
Such supplies should be collected
and kept in a GoBag so that they
will be able to evacuate quickly
withsuchurgentsupplies.
Earthquake Survival Kit

Adequate supply of water in closed
unbreakable containers
Adequate supply of non-perishable packaged
food and dry rations
Medicine
A change of clothing and rain gear
Blankets and bed sheets, towels
Buckets, plates, glasses, mugs made of plastic
Soap, toothbrushes, toothpaste
A battery-powered radio, torch, lantern,
matches
Cash and jewelry
Personal medicines
Important documents including passport,
national identity card, bank passbook,
address/telephone book (of relatives),
certificates,
driving
license,
property
documents, insurance documents etc.
Special items including food for infants, elderly
or disabled family members.
6.5.2AwarenesscampaignsforGovernmentOfficials
Awarenessprogrammesrelatedtofollowingimportantissuesneedtobeconductedin
allcities(Dhaka,Chittagong,Sylhetetc)withhighseismicrisk:
Awarenessonseismichazardsandvulnerabilitytoearthquakes
75
Awareness about the functional response clusters and contingency planning

functions
Roles and responsibilities of agencies according to city level earthquake
ContingencyPlans
SOPsandresponsibilitiesassignedtovariousagencies/institutions
EOC functions, and duties and responsibilities assigned to various agencies/
institutions
SiteOperationCentre(SOC)functions,anddutiesandresponsibilitiesassignedto
variouspersonnel
Validation of plans especially evacuation routes at community level with
assistance from local governments (by ward commissioners/ward level DM
committee)andNGOs,CBOsworkingincertainareas.
6.5.3CreatingawarenessamongPrivatesector
Private sector establishments can get affected by earthquakes depending on the
vulnerability of buildings. This can bring very high economic losses as well as human
andmateriallosses.InmostcasesinstitutionssuchasGarmentfactoriesdohavealarge
workforceandvulnerabletobuildingcollapseinaneventofanearthquake.Theprivate
sector should be encouraged for having their own Contingency Plans and also they
shouldconductperiodicsimulationstoenhancethepreparednesslevel.Thefiresafety
is another important factor and they should be encouraged to equip with equipment
and trained staff to handle cases of fire until the staff from FSCD take charge of such
events.Itisalsobettertoencourageprivatesectorsecurityfirmstohavetrainedand
skill medical first responders, search and rescue teams to help the professional first
responderagencies.
6.5.4PublicAwarenessCampaigns
PublicawarenessprogrammesontheCitylevelContingencyPlansshouldbeorganized
withtheinvolvementofCityCorporations,variousGovernmentStakeholderAgencies,
NGOs and Media. These can take the form of public awareness campaigns using both
electronicandprintmedia,posters,competitions,streetdramas,workshopsandothers.
Public awareness campaigns generate community support for the implementation of
Earthquake Contingency Plans at city level and encourage those engaged in response
activities at community level and to mobilize community support. Informing the
general population about the potential seismic hazard and risks increases public
76
knowledge and understanding of the situation. Risk communication can encourage

greater public participation in community/household/family level preparedness
activities,enhancingtheeffectivenessofpreparednessplanning.Campaignsneedtobe
targetedtospecificaudienceswithdirectedmessages.
Public Awareness programmes should be for the following target groups
Community leaders and members including farmers, fishermen, traders, skilled

workmen in building trades etc. and house wives
School children
Religious leaders
Officials of various private sector agencies
Professionals of different sectors
Political heads of local Authorities, other selected members, office bearers
Media personnel
AwidearrayofchannelsofcommunicationisavailableforPublicAwarenesscampaigns
withdifferenttargetgroups:
Facetoface: meeting, seminar, workshop, conference, march, exhibition,
demonstration,training,exchangevisit,planning
Massmedia:television,melodramas,radio,newspaper,cinema
Distributed print material: leaflet, pamphlet, brochure, booklet, guideline, case
study,newsletter,journal,researchpaper,report
Folkmedia:story,drama,dance,song,puppet,music,streetentertainment
Audiovisual: video, audio, multimedia, artwork, photograph, slide show, model,
map
Standalone print: billboard, poster, banner, warning sign, flood water level
marker
Postal:directmailing
People:communityleader,volunteer,projectworker,headofwomensgroup
Electronicmedia:website,email,emaildiscussionlists,electronicconferencing,
distancelearningplatform,SMSetc.
Earthquakesimulations
6.5.5
SchoolAwarenessprogrammes
i.TrainingforScoutsasFirstResponders
IftheEarthquakeresponseactivitiescanbebroughttotheScoutsmovement,theycan
betrainedeasilyin
77
Community First Responder activities to assist professional Search and

Rescueteams
FirstAidandmedicalFirstResponseactivities.
It will be necessary for the Ministry of Food and Disaster management to have
discussionswithMinistryofEducationandschoolauthoritiesaswellaswiththeScout
movement to impart training on above activities. Qualified trainers/Instructors from
FSCD can provide ToT and train school teachers for providing necessary trainings to
scoutsandgirlguidesinselectedschools.
ii.
School awareness
programmes
School
awareness
programmes
should
consistoftheactivitiesas
shownintheBox12:
School Awareness Programmes

Seminars for school children, teachers and parents
Distribution of specific awareness leaflets Materials
on Contingency Plans, evacuation areas , routs, should
be developed by DMB
Awareness on First Aid and medical first responder
functions(for those involved in Scout movement)
Awareness programs conducted through media (TV,
Radio and Newspaper) targeting at school children,
parents and teachers
Box 12
DMBwillcollaboratewith
MinistryofEducationand
school
authorities
through
CDMP
in
conducting
school
awareness programmes
andinsharingawarenessmaterial(videos,printedmaterialpostersetc.)aswellasin
conductingjointsimulationactivitiesundersomeSchoolSafetyProjects.
Extra curricular activities like art/quiz competitions, school safety clubs, news letters
etc will be promoted as a part of awareness campaign on contingency planning and
earthquakepreparedness.Theextracurriculumactivitiescomprisedofestablishingof
Schoolearthquakepreparedness/safetyclubsintheselectedschools.Activitiesofsuch
clubswillfocusonthefollowing:
Identifyingtheearthquakevulnerabilityintheneighbourhoodoftheschool
Componentsofstructuralnonstructuralvulnerabilityofschools
EarthquakePreparednessplanningforclass/schoolandevacuationsimulations
Lecturesbyguestlecturersandpublicationofwallpaper
Studyingwindeffectsandmeasuringwindspeeds
GatheringandrecordingDMrelateddataandinformation
Disastermitigationandenvironmentalmanagementrelatedactivitiesthatcanbe
doneatschoollevel
78
6.5.6
RoleofMedia
TheMediaacttoprovidethepublicwithtechnicalinformationabouthazards,therisks
posedbythehazardsandstepspeoplecantaketoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies
from disaster. Media transmit vital information quickly and in language that the
communitycanrelateto,bothinnormaltimesandinemergency.MediaPersonnelare
important allies for the government and technical experts in that they have access to
telecommunications and information management systems that government may not
have.Governmentshouldactivelyseekoutmediaparticipationindisastermanagement
activitiesbefore,during,andafterdisaster;.
For providing information on earthquake disaster, what to do before, during

andafteranearthquakes
For providing information on preparedness measures(keeping a Gobag with
essentialsupplies
For building awareness to develop household level preparedness plan by
everyhousehold
For creating awareness about and continuous persuasion to local government
bodiesformakingContingencyPlansatlocalgovernmentlevel
to aware citizens about evacuation places and evaquation routs in the
communities/towns/citiesduringanyearthquakesituation
DosandDontsduringearthquakes
i.TheEmergencyPublicInformationFunction
Duringtheemergencies,provisionshouldbemadeforfrequentbriefingswithaccurate
andtimelyinformationtothemedia.Itisadvisabletoprovideasmuchinformationas
possible from one location or source, i.e. The EOC where the information has been
compiledandverified.Accurate,timelyandusefulinformationandinstructionstothe
publicarenecessarythroughoutadisasterperiod.Informationmustbedisseminated
tothepeopleatriskandalsotothepublicatlarge,whomaybeindirectlyaffectedby
thedisasterevent,e.g.thosewithfamilyorfriendsatrisk,orpersonswhomaywantto
assist in providing relief. Responsibility for emergency public information should be
convened to the appropriate agency. Available means of dissemination should be
surveyed and access to them ensured. In case of earthquake, normal lines of
communication may be disrupted, and alternate means may need to identified and
provided.
79
ii.MediaMobilizationGuidelines
In any case of disaster event it is also necessary to mobilize the support of Media for
information dissemination. Since this has to be done in a systematic manner it is
advisabletoprovideguidelinesformediasothattheywillbefamiliarwiththeStandard
OperationalProcedureduringsuchemergencies.
The following media mobilization guidelines are suggested for covering Earthquake
disasterevent,immediateresponse,socialmobilisationatnationalandlocalleveletc.
Table6.3MediaMobilizationGuidelines
Methods
Activity/Technique
Materialstobeused
EstablishStandard
OperationalProcedurefor
use
Mediabriefingformats:
pressconferences,
warningbulletinsfor
aftershocks,disaster
eventbulletins(e.g.,
publicsafetyetc.)
Disastereventbulletins,
Aftershockwarning
bulletinspublic
statementsandstandard
dataformsdraftedfor
media/generalrelease:
casualties,publicsafety
measures,evacuation
instructionsetc.
Informationcontrol:to
preventpublicconfusion
andensureappropriate
behavioure.g.,correct
safety/prevention
measures
Sequencingof
informationreleaseswith
contentaccordingtoeach
stageofevolving
situation;accurate
targetingintended
audienceaccordingto
message
Data/announcements
predraftedinreadiness
foreachstage;contentas
relevanttoeachstage,
accuratelydraftedfor
intendedaudience/
purpose
Mediaeducation:
informingmedia
professionalsofnatureof
possible/anticipated
disasters,and
contingenciesarising
thereof;ensuringselected
mediapeople(concerned
reporters/video
graphers,newsdecision
makerse.g.,editors,
Specificdisasterrelated
trainingandbriefingof
mediapeople;provision
ofinformationalmaterial
oncontingencies
Trainingmaterials,
disasternewscoverage
guidemanuals,
instructionalaudio/video
cassettes,photographic
briefs,briefingdockets,
posters
80
newsdirectors)
Publicawarenessvia
media
Priorarrangementswith
mediaorganisationsfor
airtimeslots,newspaper
spaceforprepared
material
Videowarning/
instructionmessages,
preparedprintmaterial
forpublicinstructionson
disasterresponse
measures
6.6.ESTABLISHMENT OF REPORTING SYSTEM FOR REPORTING THE READINESS OF DIFFERENT

AGENCIES
6.6.1ReportingonthereadinessofFirstResponderAgencies
DuringthePlandevelopmentstageeachandeveryfirstresponderagencyshouldagree
toprovideabiannualreporttotheNationalEarthquakeEmergencyOperationCentre
(NEEOC) about the preparedness level. This format is annexed to Agency level Plan
preparedbyeachFirstresponderagency.
Eachagencywillminimumprovidesinformationon:
1. Whether the staff within the agency is familiar with of the Earthquake
ContingencyPlanoftheAgency
2. Orientation and training for Earthquake Contingency Plan and procedures

undertakenornot?
3. Understanding of each relevant officer about the earthquake disaster response
proceduress/hehastofollowduringearthquakeevent?
4. Whether arrangements are in place to impart Special skills required during
Earthquakeemergencyoperationstotheofficialsandthestaff.
Asexample;
NoofMasterInstructorsforCSSR
NoofmasterInstructorsforMFR
NoofspeciallytrainedcadreofFirstRespondersforCSSRandMFR
5. WhetherfollowingtaskshavebeenReviewedandupdated:
EarthquakePrecautionarymeasuresandprocedures.
Thevulnerabilityassessmentofbuildings
The precautions to be taken to protect equipments and material have been
undertaken.
Postearthquakedisasterprocedurestobefollowed.
81
6. NoofBuildingswhichwerestrengthenedtohavehighstandardofsafety
7. Name of the officer , who has been designated as Nodal Officer for Earthquake
DisasterResponse
8. Name,designationandcontactdetailsoftheofficerisasfollows;
9. DetailsabouttheAdditionalSourcesofsupplyofmaterials,manpower,equipment
required/identifiedtosupporttheResponsecapacityoftherespectiveagencyin
Earthquakeresponseoperations.
The National Earthquake Emergency Operations centre will develop a report on the
ReadinessorPreparednesslevelofeachagencytoRespondtoanearthquakedisaster
eventandsubmititthroughDMBtotheSecretaryMoFDMforonwardtransmissionto
theNationalCouncil.
Depending on the situation Secretary of MoFDM and DMB will be able to lobby for
additional financial/manpower/material assistance to First Responder agencies to
achieve the expected levels. They also can present such needs to UnAgencies,
International Donor agencies for possible assistance by them to First Responder
Agencies.
6.6.2Reportingduringdisasters
During earthquake emergencies AFD will take over the command in Responding to
disaster event.. The reporting at each level will be done to each level Response
commander. For example on arriving at the scene of any rescue site, the Officerin
ChargewillimmediatelyprovidethefollowinginformationtotheIncidentCommander:
Location
Typeofstructure
Numberofvictimsaliveandtrapped.
Anydangerswhichmightexistlivewires,gas,hazardousmaterials,etc.
Assessmentofresourcesneededtoeffectrescue
Anymedicalassistanceneeded
Anyotherrelevantinformation
TheOfficerinChargewillcommencerescueoperationsasnecessaryandwillprovide
reportseverythreehours(3hours),theneverysixhours(6hours),thentwelvehours
(12hours)atdiscretionoftheOfficerinchargeatsitetohigherlevels.Suchoperations
82
will be cascaded up to high level command and the reports will flow to the National
EarthquakeEmergencyOperationsCentre.
Reports will be sent to the National Earthquake EOC from each Operational Head
Quartersevery12hours.Thefollowinginformationwillbeprovided:
Numberdead
Numberinjured
Numberofvictimsstilltrapped
Numberofpersonsreportedmissing
Typeofstructuresdamaged
Existingcolateralhazards
Availabilityofwater
Roadconditions
In case or rescue operation, the reporting system would also cover and maintain the
followingprioritylist:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
HospitalsandEmergencyServicesFacilities
Schools,EducationalandResidentialInstitutions
HighPopulationAreas
Hotels/GovernmentBuildings
OtherBuildings(factories,commercialbuildingsetc)
6.6.3Reportingafterdisasters
The reports will mainly deal with the Recovery aspects and improvements that are
needed to increase the efficiency of Contingency Plans (Difficulties, Challenges faced,
andopportunities,whatwentwell,improvementssuggested.
ThoseplansalsoshouldbesubmittedtoNEEOC,DMBandtotheSecretary,MoFDM.
83
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MunicipalityofBandung,Bangkok10400,Thailand
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86
GLOSSORYOFTERMS
BuildingCodes
Ordinances and regulations controlling the design, construction,

materials,alterationandoccupancyofanystructuretoinsurehuman
safety and welfare. Building codes include both technical and
functionalstandards.
Capacity
A combination of all the strengths and resources available within a

community,societyororganizationthatcanreducethelevelofrisk,or
theeffectsofadisaster.
Capacity may include physical, institutional, social or economic means
aswellasskilledpersonalorcollectiveattributessuchasleadershipand
management.Capacitymayalsobedescribedascapability.
CapacityBuilding
Efforts aimed to develop human skills or societal infrastructures

withinacommunityororganizationneededtoreducethelevelofrisk.
Inextendedunderstanding,capacitybuildingalsoincludesdevelopment
of institutional, financial, political and other resources, such as
technologyatdifferentlevelsandsectorsofthesociety.
Cluster
A cluster is essentially a sectoral group and there should be no

differentiation between the two in terms of their objectives and
activities;theaimoffillinggapsandensuringadequatepreparedness
and response should be the same. (IASC Guidance Note on Using the
ClusterApproachNov2006)
ClusterApproach
The Cluster Approach aims to strengthen humanitarian response

capacity and effectiveness in five key ways: i) ensuring sufficient
globalcapacityisbuiltupandmaintainedinkeygapsectors/areasof
response; ii) identifying predictable leadership in the gap
sectors/areas of response; iii) facilitating partnerships and improved
interagency complementarity by maximizing resources; iv)
strengthening accountability; and 5) improving strategic fieldlevel
coordination and prioritization in specific sectors/areas of response
by placing responsibility for leadership and coordination of these
issueswiththecompetentoperationalagency.(IASCGuidanceNoteon
UsingtheClusterApproachNov2006)
ClusterLeads
A cluster lead is an agency/organization that formally commits to

take on a leadership role within the international humanitarian
communityinaparticularsector/areaofactivity,toensureadequate
response and high standards of predictability, accountability &
87
partnership.(IASCGuidanceNoteonUsingtheClusterApproachNov
2006)
Disaster
A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society

causing widespread human, material, economic or environmental
losseswhichexceedtheabilityoftheaffectedcommunityorsocietyto
copeusingitsownresources.
A disaster is a function of the risk process. It results from the
combination of hazards, conditions of vulnerability and insufficient
capacity or measures to reduce the potential negative consequences of
risk.
Disaster
Management
Risk The systematic process of using administrative decisions,

organization, operational skills and capacities to implement policies,
strategies and coping capacities of the society and communities to
lessentheimpactsof naturalhazardsandrelatedenvironmentaland
technological disasters. This comprises all forms of activities,
including structural and nonstructural measures to avoid
(prevention)ortolimit(mitigationandpreparedness)adverseeffects
ofhazards.
Disaster
Risk The conceptual framework of elements considered with the
Reduction (disaster possibilitiestominimizevulnerabilitiesanddisasterrisksthroughout
reduction)
a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and
preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad
contextofsustainabledevelopment.
The disaster risk reduction framework is composed of the following
fields of action, as described in ISDR's publication 2002 "Living with
Risk:aglobalreviewofdisasterreductioninitiatives",page23:
Risk awareness and assessment including hazard analysis and

vulnerability/capacityanalysis;
Knowledgedevelopmentincludingeducation,training,research
andinformation;
Public commitment and institutional frameworks, including

organisational,policy,legislationandcommunityaction;
Application of measures including environmental management,

landuse and urban planning, protection of critical facilities,
application of science and technology, partnership and
networking,andfinancialinstruments;
Early warning systems including forecasting, dissemination of

88
warnings,preparednessmeasuresandreactioncapacities.
Earthquake
Anearthquakeisaseriesofvibrationsontheearthssurfacecausedby
thegenerationofelastic(seismic)wavesduetosuddenrupturewithin
theearthduringreleaseofaccumulatedstrainenergy.
Emergency
Management
The organization and management of resources and responsibilities

for dealing with all aspects of emergencies, in particularly
preparedness,responseandrehabilitation.
Emergency management involves plans, structures and arrangements
establishedtoengagethenormalendeavoursofgovernment,voluntary
and private agencies in a comprehensive and coordinated way to
respondtothewholespectrumofemergencyneeds.Thisisalsoknown
asdisastermanagement.
Emergency
Preparedness
Consists of all activities taken in anticipation of a crisis to expedite

effectiveemergencyresponse.Thisincludescontingencyplanning,but
is not limited to it: it also covers stockpiling, the creation and
management of standby capacities and training staff and partners in
emergency response. (Source: ODIHPN Contingency Planning Review
Paper2007)
FirstResponder
Theterm'firstresponder'referstothoseagencies/individualswhoin
theearlystagesofanincidentareresponsiblefor theprotectionand
preservation of life, property, evidence, and the environment,
including emergency response providers as well as emergency
management, public health, clinical care, public works, and other
skilledsupportpersonnel(suchasequipmentoperators)thatprovide
immediate support services during prevention, response, and
recoveryoperations.
Source:HomelandSecurityActof2002(6U.S.C.101,Washington,U.S.A.)
Geographic
Analysisthatcombinerelationaldatabaseswithspatialinterpretation
information systems andoutputsofteninformofmaps.Amoreelaboratedefinitionisthat
(GIS)
ofcomputerprogrammesforcapturing,storing,checking,integrating,
analysing and displaying data about the earth that is spatially
referenced.
Geographical information systems are increasingly being utilised for
hazard and vulnerability mapping and analysis, as well as for the
applicationofdisasterriskmanagementmeasures.
Hazard
Apotentiallydamagingphysicalevent,phenomenonorhumanactivity
that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and
89
economicdisruptionorenvironmentaldegradation.
Hazardscanincludelatentconditionsthatmayrepresentfuturethreats
andcanhavedifferentorigins:natural(geological,hydrometeorological
and biological) or induced by human processes (environmental
degradation and technological hazards). Hazards can be single,
sequential or combined in their origin and effects. Each hazard is
characterisedbyitslocation,intensity,frequencyandprobability.
HazardAnalysis
Identification, studies and monitoring of any hazard to determine its

potential,origin,characteristicsandbehaviour.
LandusePlanning
Branch of physical and socioeconomic planning that determines the

means and assesses the values or limitations of various options in
whichlandistobeutilized,withthecorrespondingeffectsondifferent
segments of the population or interests of a community taken into
accountinresultingdecisions.
Landuse planning involves studies and mapping, analysis of
environmental and hazard data, formulation of alternative landuse
decisionsanddesignofalongrangeplanfordifferentgeographicaland
administrativescales.
Landuse planning can help to mitigate disasters and reduce risks by
discouraging highdensity settlements and construction of key
installations in hazardprone areas, control of population density and
expansion,andinthesitingofserviceroutesfortransport,power,water,
sewageandothercriticalfacilities.
Mitigation
Structural and nonstructural measures undertaken to limit the

adverse impact of natural hazards, environmental degradation and
technologicalhazards.
NaturalHazards
Naturalprocessesorphenomenaoccurringinthebiospherethatmay
constituteadamagingevent.
Natural hazards can be classified by origin namely: geological,
hydrometeorological or biological. Hazardous events can vary in
magnitude or intensity, frequency, duration, area of extent, speed of
onset,spatialdispersionandtemporalspacing.
Planning
Assumptions
The key elements of a scenario that form the basis for developing a
contingency plan (for example, projected caseloads) (Source: IASC
ContingencyPlanningGuidelines2001)
90
Preparedness
Prevention
Activitiesandmeasurestakeninadvancetoensureeffectiveresponse
totheimpactofhazards,includingtheissuanceoftimelyandeffective
earlywarningsandthetemporaryevacuationofpeopleandproperty
fromthreatenedlocations.
Activities to provide outright avoidance of the adverse impact of
hazards and means to minimize related environmental, technological
andbiologicaldisasters.
Depending on social and technical feasibility and cost/benefit
considerations, investing in preventive measures is justified in areas
frequentlyaffectedbydisasters.Inthecontextofpublicawarenessand
education, related to disaster risk reduction changing attitudes and
behaviourcontributetopromotinga"cultureofprevention".
Recovery
Decisionsandactionstakenafteradisasterwithaviewtorestoringor
improving the predisaster living conditions of the stricken
community,whileencouragingandfacilitatingnecessaryadjustments
toreducedisasterrisk.
Recovery (rehabilitation and reconstruction) affords an opportunity to
developandapplydisasterriskreductionmeasures.
Relief/Response
The provision of assistance or intervention during or immediately

after a disaster to meet the life preservation and basic subsistence
needsofthosepeopleaffected.Itcanbeofanimmediate,shortterm,
orprotractedduration.
Resilience/Resilient Thecapacityofasystem,communityorsocietypotentiallyexposedto
hazards to adapt, by resisting or changing in order to reach and
maintain an acceptable level of functioning and structure. This is
determined by the degree to which the social system is capable of
organizing itself to increase its capacity for learning from past
disasters for better future protection and to improve risk reduction
measures.
Retrofitting
(orupgrading)
Reinforcementofstructurestobecomemoreresistantandresilientto
theforcesofnaturalhazards.
Retrofitting involves consideration of changes in the mass, stiffness,
damping,loadpathandductilityofmaterials,aswellasradicalchanges
suchastheintroductionofenergyabsorbingdampersandbaseisolation
systems. Examples of retrofitting includes the consideration of wind
loading to strengthen and minimize the wind force, or in earthquake
proneareas,thestrengtheningofstructures.
91
Risk
The probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses (deaths,

injuries, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or
environmentdamaged)resultingfrominteractionsbetweennaturalor
humaninducedhazardsandvulnerableconditions.
Conventionally
risk
is
expressed
by
the
notation
Risk=HazardsxVulnerability.Somedisciplinesalsoincludetheconcept
ofexposuretoreferparticularlytothephysicalaspectsofvulnerability.
Beyond expressing a possibility of physical harm, it is crucial to
recognizethatrisksareinherentorcanbecreatedorexistwithinsocial
systems. It is important to consider the social contexts in which risks
occur and that people therefore do not necessarily share the same
perceptionsofriskandtheirunderlyingcauses.(Source:ISDR)
Risk
Amethodologytodeterminethenatureandextentofriskbyanalysing
Assessment/Analysis potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability
that could pose a potential threat or harm to people, property,
livelihoodsandtheenvironmentonwhichtheydepend.
Theprocessofconductingariskassessmentisbasedonareviewofboth
the technical features of hazards such as their location, intensity,
frequency and probability; and also the analysis of the physical, social,
economic andenvironmentaldimensionsofvulnerability andexposure,
while taking particular account of the coping capabilities pertinent to
theriskscenarios.
Scenario
Anaccountorsynopsisofapossiblecourseofeventsthatcouldoccur,
whichformsthebasisforplanningassumptions(forexample,ariver
floods, covering a nearby town and wiping out the local populations
crop)(Source:IASCContingencyPlanningGuidelines2001)
Scenariobuilding
The process of developing hypothetical scenarios in the context of a

contingency planning exercise. (Source: IASC Contingency Planning
Guidelines2001)
SeismicHazard
Seismic hazard in the context of engineering design is defined as the

predictedlevelofgroundaccelerationwhichwouldbeexceededwith
10% probability at the site under construction due to occurrence of
earthquakeanywhereintheregion,inthenext50years.
Sustainable
development
Development that meets the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.Itcontainswithin ittwokeyconcepts:theconceptof"needs",
in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which
overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations
92
imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the

environment's ability to meet present and the future needs.
(BrundtlandCommission,1987).
Sustainable development is based on sociocultural development,
political stability and decorum, economic growth and ecosystem
protection,whichallrelatetodisasterriskreduction.
Vulnerability
The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and

environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility
ofacommunitytotheimpactofhazards.
For positive factors, which increase the ability of people to cope with
hazards,seedefinitionofcapacity.
93
ANNEXES
ANNEX1:CALCULATIONTABLES
Table1:FormatforProbabilityofDamagetoMainBuildingsofDifferentEmergencyResponseAgencies(ScenarioEarthquake
1)
S.No.
SeismicHazard
Level(PGAor
gal)
Structural
Typeof
Building
NameofEmergencyResponseAgency
DamageProbabilities
None
Slight
Moderate
Extensive
StructuralDamage
Complete
Table2:CalculationofImmediateEvacuationandTemporaryShelterNeeds
Ward
Total
Building
Count
Total
Population
Count
Total
population
from
extensiveand
complete
damage
buildings
(requiring
immediate
evacuation)
5800
16291
51384
20238
8145
1697
9181
28051
83455
45953
14025
2922
4783
17140
60308
40324
8570
1785
11025
32849
112068
70645
16425
3422
5868
17619
45974
74490
8810
1835
6529
20916
56285
47823
10458
2179
8298
27140
90815
22036
13570
2827
10807
39364
131595
45162
19682
4100
8088
25003
74107
47870
12501
2604
10
4290
13154
47068
41672
6577
1370
11
5528
21719
43586
57551
10859
2262
12
5313
17688
49345
54774
8844
1842
13
5971
18986
65416
49679
9493
1978
14
2951
10062
27601
10203
5031
1048
15
2636
10387
48471
29189
5193
1082
16
4517
12977
63037
53360
6488
1352
17
4212
15914
43620
36361
7957
1658
18
5076
14373
44005
48514
7186
1497
19
2839
8328
34443
20575
4164
868
20
1409
6606
32170
9476
3303
688
21
2094
9209
33950
4598
4604
959
22
2004
7094
19807
3413
3547
739
23
2185
7471
22038
6921
3735
778
24
7517
33041
149120
22074
16521
3442
25
4709
16430
64551
32258
8215
1711
26
3526
13193
31365
96148
6597
1374
27
3031
13773
68186
36947
6886
1435
28
3172
10271
25325
25071
5135
1070
Total
displaced
population
(50%from
extensiveand
100%from
complete
damage
buildings)
Totalpopulation
requiring
temporary
sheltersin
plannedorself
settledcamps
(50%oftotal
displaced)
Total
families
requiring
shelterin
camps
(@4.8as
the
household
size)
ii
29
2541
8875
21479
18284
4438
925
30
2940
8824
29355
19383
4412
919
31
1281
2854
15498
16045
1427
297
32
1573
5463
31934
17830
2731
569
33
2077
5263
26128
20005
2631
548
34
2040
4053
25747
16410
2026
422
35
1999
2755
16344
26717
1378
287
36
2363
8666
36494
13695
4333
903
37
2211
7349
25339
59565
3675
766
38
5716
16291
53253
42839
8145
1697
39
4558
12016
47654
52379
6008
1252
40
5685
19540
74230
80655
9770
2035
41
3937
10844
39137
31406
5422
1130
Grand
Total
182280
597841
2061687
1468535
298920
62275
Populationin
collapse
buildings
Countof
trapped
population
(60%of
population
incollapse
buildings)
Table3:CalculationofTrappedPopulation
Ward
Total
Building
Count
Total
Population
Count
Countof
complete
damage
buildings
Countof
collapse
buildings
(10%of
complete
damage
buildings)
5800
51384
2505
251
1348
809
9181
83455
9259
926
3004
1802
4783
60308
7503
750
2646
1588
11025
112068
12007
1201
4627
2776
5868
45974
23983
2398
4789
2874
6529
56285
11859
1186
3102
1861
8298
90815
3831
383
1452
871
10807
131595
11852
1185
2929
1757
8088
74107
4378
438
3197
1918
10
4290
47068
4647
465
2749
1650
11
5528
43586
14882
1488
3738
2243
12
5313
49345
10453
1045
3570
2142
iii
13
5971
65416
7256
726
3279
1967
14
2951
27601
613
61
686
412
15
2636
48471
2431
243
1948
1169
16
4517
63037
2961
296
3549
2130
17
4212
43620
9497
950
2360
1416
18
5076
44005
5671
567
3217
1930
19
2839
34443
1048
105
1384
831
20
1409
32170
403
40
639
384
21
2094
33950
823
82
305
183
22
2004
19807
1509
151
216
130
23
2185
22038
1485
149
453
272
24
7517
149120
2317
232
1477
886
25
4709
64551
2988
299
2153
1292
26
3526
31365
14024
1402
5317
3190
27
3031
68186
2843
284
2466
1480
28
3172
25325
5879
588
1628
977
29
2541
21479
4556
456
1186
712
30
2940
29355
1636
164
1264
759
31
1281
15498
866
87
1062
637
32
1573
31934
493
49
1195
717
33
2077
26128
624
62
1334
801
34
2040
25747
639
64
1094
657
35
1999
16344
1149
115
1778
1067
36
2363
36494
2056
206
907
544
37
2211
25339
6735
673
3924
2354
38
5716
53253
3273
327
2679
1607
39
4558
47654
3843
384
3486
2092
40
5685
74230
14064
1406
5300
3180
41
3937
39137
1449
145
2114
1268
Grand
Total
182280
2061687
220290
22029
95551
57331
iv
Table4:ListofAvailableOpenSpacesandtheirCapacities(ImmediateEvacuation)
(Biggerthan100squaremetersize)
(square
meters)
PopulationHolding
Capacity(@1m2/
personforimmediate
evacuation)
TotalPopulationfrom
ExtensiveandComplete
DamageBuildings
TotalDeficit
(populationrequiring
furtherspacefor
immediateevacuation)
31693
31693
20238
20259
20259
45953
25694
8680
8679
40324
31645
35496
35496
70645
35149
13837
13839
74490
60651
21906
21908
47823
25915
32130
32129
22036
23231
23230
45162
21932
26204
26204
47870
21666
10
29268
29268
41672
12404
11
41472
41473
57551
16078
12
11936
11936
54774
42838
13
10616
10616
49679
39063
14
28327
28328
10203
15
59328
59328
29189
16
91596
91596
53360
17
3882
3882
36361
32479
18
11417
11416
48514
37098
19
2977
2977
20575
17598
20
3591
3591
9476
5885
21
6560
6560
4598
22
45922
45921
3413
23
2791
2790
6921
4131
24
10830
10829
22074
11245
25
23873
23873
32258
8385
26
21485
21486
96148
74662
27
48762
48763
36947
28
4397
4398
25071
20673
29
18284
18284
30
19383
19383
Ward
AreaofOpen
Spaces
31
16633
16633
16045
32
3205
3205
17830
14625
33
1063
1063
20005
18942
34
16410
16410
35
26717
26717
36
4489
4489
13695
9206
37
93221
93220
59565
38
22700
22704
42839
20135
39
5631
5631
52379
46748
40
7453
7453
80655
73202
41
17950
17950
31406
13456
Grand
Total
844812
1468535
623720
844816
Table5:ListofAvailableBigOpenSpacesandtheirCapacities(TemporaryShelter)
(Biggerthan25,000squaremeters)
AreaofOpen
Space
(squaremeters)
PopulationHolding
Capacity(@45m2/family
forimmediateevacuation)
33797
659
158946
3098
36217
706
34449
672
25329
494
46686
910
Total
335423
6539
OpenSpace
ID
TotalDeficit(families
requiringfurtherspacefor
immediateevacuation)
Totalfamiliesrequiring
emergencyshelteris:
62,275butthereisshelter
spacefor6539families
only.Sothereisdeficitof
Governmentopenspacefor
morethan55,000families
vi
Table6:LocationsandCapacitiesofFireStationsinChittagong
FireFightingCapacity
Other
Remarks
S.No.
NameofFireStation
TotalNumberof
Manpower
TotalNumberof
Equipments
Fire Service & Civil Diffence Station

Agrabad
10
103

Chandanpura
38

Nandan Kanon
79
57

Bayejid Bostami
60
Fire Service & Civil Diffence Bazar
52

EPEZ
48
Fire Service & Civil Diffence

Kalurghat
50
vii
Table7:ListofMajorHospitalsandTheirCapacities
Capacity
S.No.
Average
Outpatien
No.ofBeds
tCases
perday
Doctors
Nurses
Paramedic
sStaff
1010
43
396
46
442
XRAY,CT
Scan,Blood Bank
NameofHospital
Medical
Location
Other
Staff
OtherFacilities
Available(Xray,
MRIetc.)
Chittagong
College
Chattagram Maa Shishu

General Hospital
Agrabad
494
105
253
79
332
XRAY,CT
Scan,Blood Bank
Bangabandhu
Hospital
352
56
68
18
86
XRAY,Blood
Bank
Chittagong
Hospital
Andazkillah
150
47
12
59
XRAY,Blood
Bank
Southern Medical College

and Hospital
Zafor
Road
106
19
20
23
,Blood Bank
City
Corporation
Matrisadan Hospital
Sadarghat
100
12
22
11
33
XRAY,Blood
Bank
Lion's Eye Hospital
Jamal
Road
100
22
21
43
XRAY,Blood
Bank
Chittagong
Hospital
Bottoli
92
15
XRAY,Blood
Bank
Memorial
General
Railway
Ahmed
Khan
viii
9
Center Point Hospital Pvt

Ltd
Momin Road
91
69
74
XRAY,Blood
Bank
10
Jemison Red Crecient

Metanality Hospital
Andazkillah
88
21
51
57
,Blood Bank
11
Royal Hospital
GEC More
67
28
50
30
80
XRAY,CT Scan
12
CSCR Pvt. Ltd.
Nijam Road
58
40
85
205
XRAY,CT Scan
13
Diabetics Hospital
50
22
12
16
XRAY
ix
Table8:SummaryofInstitutionalCapacitiesforEarthquakeDisasterResponse
(SummaryofTable9completedbyindividualinstitutions)
S.No.
Unit
Description
TotalAvailable
QuantityinDhaka
DamageAssessmentandNeedsAnalysis(DANA)
TrainedPersonnelonDANA
CollapsedStructureSearchandRescue(CSSR)
TrainedPersonnelonStandardCSSR
Team
TrainedPersonnelonAdvancedSAR
Team
TrainedPersonnelLightSAR
Team
StandardCSSREquipmentSet
Set
LightSARTools,Equipment
Set
MedicalFirstResponse(MFR)
TrainedPersonnelonMFR
Team
FirstAidPersonnel
Team
FirstAidCertifiedTrainers
Team
MFREquipmentSet
Set
FirstAidKit
Set
FireFighting
TrainedFireFighters
FireFightingMachines
Information/Communication
InternetConnectionBroadband,VSAT,BGANetc.
No.

Team
Set
Type
SatellitePhone
Set
Radiocommunication
Set
GISMappingCapacityAvailability
Yes/No
GIS/RemoteSensingTrainedPersonnel
No.
Relief Materials (Available for approx. no. of people

orfamilies)
FoodItem
Families
NonFoodItems
Families
EmergencyShelterManagement
Tents,Tarpaulin
Families
PlasticSheets
Families
TrainedPersonnelforEmergencyShelterManagement
No.
Expert/PersonnelforShelterDesign
No.
DebrisRemoval
NormalTruck
No.
LargeTruck
No.
Dumper
No.
Excavator/BullDozer/Backhoe
No.
Loader
No.
Rollers
No.
Cranes
No.
xi
Table9:ChecklistforAssessingInstitutionalCapacitiesforEarthquakeDisasterResponse
(Tobefilledseparatelybydifferentrelevantinstitutions)
NameofInstitution:
S.No.
Description
Post Disaster Damage Assessment and

NeedsAnalysis(DANA)
1
TrainedPersonnelonDANA

B
CollapsedStructureSearchandRescue
(CSSR)
1
TrainedPersonnelonStandardCSSR
2
TrainedPersonnelonAdvancedSAR
3
TrainedPersonnelLightSAR
4
StandardCSSREquipmentSet
5
LightSARTools,Equipment

C
MedicalFirstResponse(MFR)
1
TrainedPersonnelonMFR
2
FirstAidPersonnel
3
FirstAidCertifiedTrainers
4
MFREquipmentSet
5
FirstAidKit
Unit
LocationwiseQuantitiesinDhaka
Location
FireFighting
TrainedFireFighters
FireFightingMachines
No.
Set
Set
Set
Set

No./Qty
TotalAvailable
Quantity
Location
No./Qty
Location
No./Qty
Team
Set
xii

E
Information/Communication
1
Internet Connection Broadband, VSAT,
BGANetc.
2
SatellitePhone
3
Radiocommunication
4
GISMappingCapacityAvailability
5
GIS/RemoteSensingTrainedPersonnel
F
Relief Materials (Available for approx.
no.ofpeopleorfamilies)
1
FoodItem
2
NonFoodItems
G
EmergencyShelterManagement
1
Tents,Tarpaulin
2
PlasticSheets
3
Trained Personnel for Emergency Shelter
Management
4
Expert/PersonnelforShelterDesign
H
DebrisRemoval
1
NormalTruck
2
LargeTruck
3
Dumper
4
Excavator/BullDozer/Backhoe
5
Loader
6
Rollers
7
Cranes
Set
Set
Yes/No
No.
Families
Families
Type
Families
Families
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
xiii
ANNEX2:MAPS
Map1:LocationofKeyEmergencyResponseAgenciesinDifferentHazardAreas
Map2:OpenSpacesforImmediateEvacuation(Biggerthan100m2area)
Map3:ProposedLocationsforTemporaryShelterCamps(Biggerthan25,000m2area)
Map4:PossibleEvacuationRoutesforImmediateEvacuationtotheNearestOpenSpace
(Roadswidthgreaterthan6m)
Map5:PotentialTrappedPopulationinDifferentLocations
Map6:LocationsofSARCapacities
Map 7: Locations of Fuel Refilling Stations, Timber Godowns and Lifting Machines
(Cranes)
Map8:LocationsofFireStationsandtheirPotentialCatchmentAreas
Map9:LocationsofMajorHospitals
Map10:ProbabilityofFunctionalityofMajorHospitals
Map 11: Open Spaces for Immediate Shelter and Required Amount of PrePositioning
WaterforThreeDays
Map12:DirectDamagetoRoadNetworkinDhakaCity
Map13:MajorRoadsinDhakawithhighraisedstructuresshowingpossibleblockage
xiv
Map1:LocationofKeyEmergencyResponseAgenciesinDifferentHazardAreas
xv
Map2:OpenSpacesforImmediateEvacuation(Biggerthan100m2area)
xvi
Map3:ProposedLocationsforTemporaryShelterCamps(Biggerthan25,000m2area)
xvii
Map4:PossibleEvacuationRoutesforImmediateEvacuationtotheNearestOpenSpace(Roadswidthgreaterthan6m)
xviii
Map5:PotentialTrappedPopulationinDifferentLocations
xix
Map6:LocationsofSARCapacities
xx
Map7:LocationsofFuelRefillingStations,TimberGodownsandLiftingMachines(Cranes)
xxi
Map8:LocationsofFireStationsandtheirPotentialCatchmentAreas
xxii
Map9:LocationsofMajorHospitals
xxiii
Map10:ProbabilityofFunctionalityofMajorHospitals
xxiv
Map11:OpenSpacesforImmediateShelterandRequiredAmountofPrePositioningWaterforThreeDays
xxv
Map12:DirectDamagetoRoadNetworkinChittagongCity
xxvi
Map13:MajorRoadsinChittagongwithhighraisedstructuresshowingpossibleblockage
xxvii

Earthquake Contingency Plan For Chittagong City

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EARTHUAKECONTINGENCYPLANFOR

Define the policy changes/revisions, new strategies and approaches for

implementing a project on Earthquake Risk

Chittagong City Earthquake Contingency

Source: Hazus calculation based on database, engineering geology

0 13,682 28,407 28,407 27,608 0

With at Least Moderate

With at Least Moderate

With at Least Moderate

Develop areporting structure between the National EmergencyOperations Center

Directorate of Relief and Rehabilitation

Fire Services and

Directorate General of Health services

Bangladesh Power Development Board

Professional bodies(Bangladesh Institute

Bangladesh Red Crescent Society

The MoFDM has been set up to:

Theseemergencytasks can be grouped into a number of functionalgroups as a planning

BRTA, CAAB, UNDP,WFP

Establish National level 24/7 National

Facilitate mobilization of earthquake incident

Assist authorities for communications with CCC

Conduct Post disaster Evaluation of CCC

FSCD, AFD, DRR, CMP, BR, BPDB,

DRR, Office of Deputy Commissioner,

AFD, FSCD, DRR, Office of Civil

AFD, FSCD, DRR, Office of Civil

Capacity building of community first

FSCD, AFD, Office of Civil Surgeon,

Develop medicolegal procedure for

FSCD, AFD, Office of Civil Surgeon,

Prepositioning of tools , equipment and

AFD, FSCD, Office of Deputy

Prepare resource inventory (equipment,

FSCD, AFD, Office of Civil Surgeon,

Prepare guidelines for logistic supply

Supervision of compliance to INSARAG and

AFD,CMP, Bangladesh Ansar & VDP,

AFD, FSCD, Office of Civil Surgeon,

Make arrangements to obtain resource

FSCD, AFD, Office of Civil Surgeon,

FSCD, AFD, Office of Civil Surgeon,

FSCD, AFD, Office of Civil Surgeon,

FCSD, CMP, BDRCS, Bangladesh

AFD, DRR, NGOs, Office of Civil

AFD, FSCD, Office of Civil Surgeon,

AFD, FSCD, Office of Civil Surgeon,

Hospital and Clinic

Get assistance from qualified professionals to conduct Officeofthe

Hospital and Clinic

DC, DRR, NGOs,

DRR, DC, NGO,

NGOs, DC, INGOs,

Periodic visits to welfare camps and M&E of compliance of CCC

DRR, NGOs, INGO,

BGSL, CWASA, BPDB,

AFD, BGSL, CWASA,

BGSL, CWASA, BPDB,

BGSL, CWASA, BPDB,

Closesurveillanceinepidemicoutbreakinaffectedareas Office of Civil AFD,DRR

infrastructures (Govt. Hospitals, school buildings,

CDA, FSCD, DRR,CWASA,

CDA, FSCD, AFD, DRR,CMP,