Leavell and Clarks have defined three different levels of prevention in human health

(primary, secondary, and tertiary).

1. Primary Prevention.
Primary Prevention is a true prevention. Primary prevention strategies emphasize
general health promotion, risk factor reduction, and other health protective
measures. These strategies include health education and health promotion programs,
immunizations, physical and nutritional fitness activities designed to foster healthier
lifestyles and environmental health programs designed to improve environmental
quality that also affect health and well-being. Primary prevention efforts are, by
definition, proactive and should generally be aimed at populations, not just
individuals. (Larry and Sana, n.d.)
2. Secondary Prevention.
Secondary prevention focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or
illness and who are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions.
These strategies attempt to diagnose and prompt intervention and treat an existing
disease in its early stages, before it results in significant morbidity, thereby reducing
severity and enabling the client to return to normal. Its purpose is to cure disease,
slow its progression, or reduce its impact on individuals or communities. (SosaEstani, Colantonio and Segura, 2012)
3. Tertiary Prevention.
Tertiary Prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible.
These treatments aim to minimize the effects of long-term disease or disability by
interventions direct, preventing and reducing disease-related complications or
deteriorations.
(Sosa-Estani, Colantonio and Segura, 2012)
Based on generally description, we conclude that primary prevention is prepathogenesis period and there is interrelations of Agent, Host, and Environmental
factors, while the Secondary and Tertiary Prevention include in pathogenesis period.
The pathogenesis period means there is reaction of Host to the stimulus.

Table of Principles of Prevention by Leavell and Clark. (Book : Prevention: Primary,

Secondary, Tertiary, pp. 1532-1534) gausah dimasukin gambarnya ris. Aku
bingung soalnya dapatnya dari website yg kurang valid mungkin wkwkwk :
http://static-content.springer.com/image/prt%3A978-1-4419-10059%2F16/MediaObjects/978-1-4419-1005-9_16_Part_Fig1-135_HTML.gif
Tapi gambarnya keren ga sih. Wkwkwk
Sosa-Estani, S., Colantonio, L. and Segura, E. (2012). Therapy of Chagas Disease:
Implications for Levels of Prevention. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2012, [online]
pp.1-10. Available at:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3317183/pdf/JTM2012-292138.pdf
[Accessed 11 Mar. 2015].
Larry, C. and Sana, C. (n.d.). The Imperative for Primary Prevention. [online] pp.122. Available at: http://www.svfreenyc.org/media/prevention/resources/resource_2.pdf
[Accessed 11 Mar. 2015].

Reference

http://ww
w.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov
/pmc/artic

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