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Abstract
Automation is a vast field and now a day can be
implemented any where depending upon the
application. ZigBee protocol IEEE 802.15.4
wireless standard can be used to set up network
for some specific application purpose. ZigBee
based home automation wireless sensor network
can be implemented with small initial cost and
can be useful to control fans, lights and other
home appliances which operation can be
controlled with the help of a microcontroller.
The home automation can be useful network for
physically handicapped persons as well as old
age person and the same network can be used to
control industrial applications as well.
Keywords:
ZigBee, Home Automation, Light Sensor,
Smoke Sensor, Temperature Sensor, Router,
Coordinator, PIC
Introduction:
Various progressive wireless communication
standards were developed and implemented
during last decade. GSM, WiFi and Bluetooth
are well known by most people in the modern
society. These standards have penetrated into
their daily routine with outstanding popularity.
Even though it seems that all peoples wireless
requirements have fulfilled, it turns on, that they
lack of something like an internet of things
especially in mainstream Home Automation
(HA). The HA systems provide mutual
interoperability between various electronic,
electrical, and power devices as well as
interactive interface for people to control their
Advantages of ZigBee
Some of important advantages are:
Chip vendor independence,
Rapid innovation,
Extremely low cost,
Open standards enable markets,
Easy to deploy,
Excellent performance in environments
with low SNR,
Appropriate range of operation (30 100
m),
Appropriate & Reliable data transfer,
bit-rate: 250 kbps (at 2.4 GHz),
Very low power consumption,
Secure Data Transfer,
ZigBee protocol needs less than 64 kb of
ROM and 2 32 kb of RAM,
ZigBee can be implemented with any
type of microcontroller.
ZigBee Network reference model
Network devices, whether wired or wireless, are
commonly described by the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) reference model. The
generic seven-layer model is applied to all
network and media types. The adaptation ISOOSI network reference model for ZigBee
purposes is illustrated in the figure. ZigBee
network model does not use presentation,
session or transport layer and user application is
directly tied into Application layer (APL). APL
consists of Application sub layer (APS), ZigBee
device object (ZDO) & Application framework.
The ZigBee IEEE802.15.4 standard defines
three frequency bands to employ a standard all
over the world. Out of these thee frequencies
The 2.45 GHz platform is used commonly at
250KBPS data transfer rate. Secure data transfer
is possible with the help of secure service
provider (SSP).The common medium access
control (MAC) Layer provides a variety of
functions of wireless LANs. The MAC Layer
Figure 3:
Smoke Sensor
Separate smoke sensors are available in market with
number of features. One can directly use this smoke
sensor to identify the smoke or fire. One can
implement a smoke sensor with the help of opto
coupler sensor. An opto-coupler is a device that uses
a short optical transmission path to transfer an
electronic signal between elements of a circuit,
typically a transmitter and a receiver, while keeping
them electrically isolatedsince the electrical signal
is converted to a light beam, transferred, then
converted back to an electrical signal, there is no
need for electrical connection between the source
and destination circuits. The opto-isolator is simply a
package that contains both an infrared light-emitting
diode (LED) and a photo detector such as a
photosensitive silicon diode, transistor Darlington
pair, or silicon controlled rectifier (SCR). The wavelength responses of the two devices are tailored to be
as identical as possible to permit the highest measure
of coupling possible. If the smoke or fire is sensed by
this configuration one can turn on the alarm and
water sprinkler system.
Conclusion
ZigBee Based Home Automation Wireless
Sensor Network is useful project for adults and
physically handicapped persons who are not able
References:
[1] ZigBee Alliance Official Site, [online].
Available: www.zigbee.org
[2] IEEE: IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003, [online].
Available: http://standards.ieee.org
[3] ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Specification,
Available: www.zigbee.org
[4] Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica No. 4,
2007Available:http://www.aei.tuke.sk/pdf/2
007-04/11_Varchola.pdf
[5] PIC 18F452 data sheet Available:
http://www.datasheetsite.com/datasheet/PI
C18F452
[6] LM 35 data sheet Available:
http://www.national.com/ds/LM/LM35.pdf