Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
A.
4
5
6
7
Introduction of Essay
Type A
Type B
Practice 1
Practice 2
Practice 3
Practice 4
8
9
10
11
12
13
4.
Conclusion
Practices 1 to 3
14~15
16~17
5.
Introduction
General statement
Thesis statement
18
19
3.
B.
20, 21
C.
22
D.
23~25
E.
26
26
27
27
28~30
ESSAY WRITING
31, 32
33, 34
1.
2.
3.
4.
ESSAY WRITING
Thesis statement
_______________________________________________________________________________
Body
Topic 1
_______________________________________________________________________________
Supporting/ example
1
2
3
Topic 2
_______________________________________________________________________________
Supporting/ example
1
2
3
Topic 3
_______________________________________________________________________________
Supporting/ example
1
2
3
ESSAY WRITING
2. It has been said: Not everything that is learned is contained in books. Compare and contrast
knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which
source is more important? Why?
Brain storming
Thesis statement
_______________________________________________________________________________
Body
Topic 1
_______________________________________________________________________________
Supporting/ example
1
2
3
Topic 2
_______________________________________________________________________________
Supporting/ example
1
2
3
Topic 3
_______________________________________________________________________________
Supporting/ example
1
2
3
ESSAY WRITING
3. Modern technology such as chemical fertilizers and machinery can provide us with cheap food.
However, it also has some negative effects on peoples health. What is your opinion?
Brain storming
Thesis statement
_______________________________________________________________________________
Body
Topic 1
_______________________________________________________________________________
Supporting/ example
1
2
3
Topic 2
_______________________________________________________________________________
Supporting/ example
1
2
3
Topic 3
_______________________________________________________________________________
Supporting/ example
1
2
3
ESSAY WRITING
4. In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as
completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important for learning and
taking responsibility. What are your opinions?
Brain storming
Thesis statement
_______________________________________________________________________________
Body
Topic 1
_______________________________________________________________________________
Supporting/ example
1
2
3
Topic 2
_______________________________________________________________________________
Supporting/ example
1
2
3
Topic 3
_______________________________________________________________________________
Supporting/ example
1
2
3
ESSAY WRITING
3. Introduction of Essay
-
TYPE A -
Every year, thousands of people are injured or killed in sports such as boxing or
motor-racing.
Because of this, many people are opposed to such sports, and want them to be
stopped or controlled.
This essay will look at some of the arguments for and against banning dangerous
sports.
For the last fifty years, poor countries have been receiving huge sums of money
from rich donor countries.
Some of this money has improved lives, while much of it has disappeared or made
no difference.
In this essay, I will discuss some arguments for and against foreign aid.
ESSAY WRITING
TYPE B
Everyday, we read about new record contracts and salaries earned by sportsmen
and women. Some people do not agree with these huge payments.
Others believe that our sports heroes deserve every penny.
This essay will look at some of the arguments for and against the high salaries of
athletes.
ESSAY WRITING
PRACTICE
1.
Nowadays, young people tend to rush into independence. Many of them leave home to study or
work while still in their teens. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this.
Firstly, it goes without saying that earlier independence helps young people to better understand the
people around them and the world as a whole, and to accumulate more social experiences, which
are invaluable for their future life and career. Moreover, living on their won means, to a large
degree, that young people have to face and overcome difficulties by themselves. Therefore, it may
help to mold in them a sound and unyielding character during the crucial period in which a persons
temperament is largely formed.
However, as there are always two sides to every coin, we cannot turn a blind eye to the unavoidable
disadvantages of early independence. First, people in their teens are generally still immature. If
they are exposed without proper protection to all the temptations and evils of society, they are more
likely to fall into a life of crime than people of the same age who still live with their parents.
Second, they are inclined to allot their time and energy inappropriate, for they may have to spend
the lions share of their time earning their own living.
ESSAY WRITING
10
2
Scientific and technological advances have improved our daily lives. However, in many fields
scientists cannot solve the problems they have created themselves. Do you agree or disagree with
this opinion? Give your reasons.
Firstly, the creation of a new scientific and technological product is a purely academic matter, but
its application may be affected by political and military factors, and the like. For example, the
original purpose of cloning was simply scientific to change undesirable genes at the embryo stage,
and to alleviate pain and illness. However, some people with ulterior motives may take advantage
of this technique to clone human genes. This is sure to cause serious moral uncertainty and chaos
for the human race.
Secondly, sometimes it is impossible for researchers and scientists to foresee the future application
of the product they are working on. Atomic energy is a case in point. Its study and research are
conducted with the aim of saving the worlds limited energy resources and optimizing the use of
current energy sources, such as water. Yet people are saddened by the news that atomic technology
is used to manufacture dangerous weapons for the purpose of threatening or even destroying other
countries and innocent people.
ESSAY WRITING
11
3
Statistics show that cities are becoming bigger and bigger. What do you think are the causes and
possible consequences?
Firstly, the most immediate factor that has given rise to this phenomenon is the extensive use of
farming machinery, such as seeding, harvesting and grain-drying machines, in the process of the
modernization of agricultural production, which has, in turn, freed more farmers from the land to
seek better opportunities in cities. With more immigrant workers swarming into them, many cities
have been forced to expand into the neighboring countryside, so as to accommodate the swelling
population.
Secondly, an equally important factor that deserves our attention is the rapid development of public
facilities, such as shopping centres, parks and highway networks, in the course of urban progress,
which has consequently led to the fast growth of cities. With more skyscrapers rising on the
outskirts and more freeways connecting nearby towns, many cities are experiencing an exceptional
period of expansion, so as to keep pace with the increasing demands of their burgeoning
populations.
In view of the factors I have listed above, I believe that some measures should be taken so as to
rein in the situation. Otherwise, many of todays prosperous cities may fall victim to problems of
severe water shortage, land crisis, energy scarcity, and even worse a more polluted environment.
ESSAY WRITING
12
4
Many people believe that the zoo should be closed because it is cruel to keep animals locked up.
Moreover, the zoo does not have a positive role to play in society. Write an essay expressing your
point of view.
On the one hand, the zoo provides recreation and refreshment for fatigued urban dwellers. People
relax when appreciating an elegant swan or a playful chimpanzee. This kind of relaxation is
something that can not be obtained through modern entertainment means, such as Karaoke or
discos. Its purely natural sensation.
On the other hand, the zoos are important to small children. If the zoos are places of recreation of
adults, then they must be dreamlands for small children. Do you remember the first time you were
taken to a zoo? Im sure it was something youll remember all your life. Small children learn how
to protect animals through observing them and this will also add to their knowledge something they
will never acquire in the classroom.
ESSAY WRITING
13
4. Conclusion
:
Linking words
In conclusion, To summarise, In brief, To sum up
Pattern
[Conclusion linking words, + topic sentences in body paragraph. +
Thus, / Therefore , my opinion]
Example 1.
Vegetarianism is necessary in the world. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some people are consistently in favor of red meat, but other people are interested in becoming a
vegetarian. In fact, vegetarianisms several advantages influence a society to be better. In this
respect, vegetarianism should be widely spread through our society.
To start with, vegetables are good for our health. We can get vitamins and fibre from fruit and
vegetables. In addition, vegetables contain less fat than meat. For instance, in recent US study 40%
less heart disease was shown in vegetarians but the outbreak of heart disease increased by 20% to
60% in a group of people, who is in favor of red meat.
Second of all, becoming a vegetarian is regarded as the good method to protect animals rights. For
instance, in UK more greater than 500 million cows are slaughtered per year. Also, raising them
with artificial food and drugs in dark sunless sheds seriously arrogate their right to live freely.
Finally, it is cheaper to eat vegetables and fruit. In Asia the price of meat is three times higher than
the price of vegetables. It is cheap to raise them compared to raising animals to eat.
In conclusion, it is well known that eating vegetables is helpful for our health. Furthermore,
to protect animals rights becoming vegetarian is essential and vegetable guarantee the price
competitiveness with a variety of nutrients. Thus, I totally believe that people should become
a vegetarian.
ESSAY WRITING
14
Sample 2
Body
First of all, students are likely to miss some chances to learn essential but unattractive knowledge if
they have only home schooling instead of traditional schooling. In other words, schools provide
diverse subjects with properly divided class time for students regardless of students will. However,
students with home schooling can avoid some subject that they dont want to learn although the
subjects are essential and significant in their curriculum. It means that home schooling might cause
partial or learning education but for appropriate control.
In addition, children could have difficulties in their socialization unless they go to school. The main
functions of traditional schooling are not only giving knowledge but also socializing students.
Though some of parents overlook its importance, socialization is one of the most essential parts in
their future social life, where interpersonal relationships can have influence on their business. If
students study at home, they are unlikely to experience and learn socialization.
Conclusion
To sum up, I am opposed to the view that students should study on the Internet at home instead of
going to school. My objection is based on two main reasons. One is a chance of neglecting
important but unattractive knowledge for students future; the other is difficulty in their
socialization.
Read carefully the body paragraphs and rewrite the conclusion paragraph.
ESSAY WRITING
15
PRACTICE
1.
The advantages of using mobile phones outweigh the disadvantages of using it?
Body:
To begin with, using mobile phones can cause some serious interference, which can be a risk for
particular people. For instance, when operating, a mobile phone near medical equipment can cause the
equipment to malfunction, this puts patients at risk. Moreover, the malfunction of aviation system in
airplanes can cause serious disaster.
However, it is tangible that mobile phones help people live better lives. For example, in Korea
mobile phones contain a location trace system. It can help Korean parents find their lost children. In
addition, people dont have to try to find a public telephone booth when they have a medical emergency.
Conclusion:
In conclusion,
2.
A healthy person is often described as someone who has a good diet, gets lots of exercise, and
avoids stress. What do people do to stay healthy in your country?
Body:
In the first place, most Koreans are willing to become vegetarians for their health. In fact, it is easy
for Koreans to become a vegetarian because their typical meal is made of vegetables. Obviously, it is
readily affordable to insist that the Korean typical meal, which consists of a variety of vegetables is a
sort of main cause of keeping Koreans healthy.
Second of all, Koreans consider the advice of doctors as essential. For instance, in a recent survey the
majority of Koreans preferred to consult their health with doctors regularly. Interestingly, more than half
of them tended to think that they can become healthy by following the doctors suggestions.
Last but not least, the governments effort makes citizens healthy in Korea. To illustrate, a regular
complex health examination for citizens has been conducted over the past 7 years to improve peoples
health. The government in particular has invested 20 billion wons worth of budget in building public
health care centres for their people. It results in the significant enhancement of peoples health.
Conclusion:
In conclusion,
ESSAY WRITING
16
3.
People should be encouraged to use public transport due to the serious traffic congestion on our
roads. To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Body:
First of all, its possible to reduce the number of cars on the roads by public transports capacity of
commuters. A recent study, for instance showed that if public transport is used by 60% of commuters,
the unfavorable traffic condition to drivers on the roads will happen less than half as often as now.
In the second place, it is obvious that exclusive roads only for public transportation would reduce
traffic congestion. In fact, nobody wants to be stuck in a car in the middle of road, so there will be no
doubt that people are in favor of using public transport instead of using their own car when public
transport gives them a fast way to commute like running on exclusive roads for public transport.
Conclusion:
In conclusion,
ESSAY WRITING
17
5. Introduction
General Statement
It is
some/many/
most people/experts/
scientists/sceptics/
critics
often
widely
generally
are
claimed/suggested
argued/maintained/felt
/believe/held/alleged
that .
claim/suggest/argue/feel/think/that.
maintain/believe/point out/agree/hold that.
advocate (+ing/noun)/support the view that.
oppose the view that .
in favour of /against
of the opinion that/convinced that
opposed to
ESSAY WRITING
18
Thesis statement
I (dis)agree with the statement (idea) that ~ because A and B.
-in my opinion, / From my point of view, S+V because A and B.
-Nevertheless, I think that ~ since it ~ that ~ .
- I think (prefer, have), however, S+V in that(because, since)~.
I have two ways of ~ ing: A and B because ~.
I prefer to choose two traits: A and B because ~.
Since ~, I would rather~ because A and B.
ESSAY WRITING
19
ESSAY WRITING
20
Do not simply repeat your opening paragraph. This appears mechanical and superficial.
INTRODUCTION
General statement
Thesis statement
BODY PARAGRAPH 1
Topic sentence including connective word
First supporting sentence
Second supporting sentence
Third supporting sentence
BODY PARAGRAPH 2
BODY PARAGRAPH 3
CONCLUSION
Final assessment with concluding connective
3.
ESSAY WRITING
21
3) Does each body paragraph start with a topic sentence? Please underline them.
5) Are there enough examples/supporting points to support the topic sentence? Please number them.
6) Does each sentence in the body paragraph relate to the topic sentence? If not, please remove
them.
7) Does the essay use a variety of transitional expressions within paragraphs? Please underline
them.
8) Does the essay use a variety of transitional expressions between paragraphs? Please underline
them.
10) Does the conclusion paragraph restate the thesis statement and/or the main points of the essay?
Please underline it.
12) Did the essay make sense? Was it easy to follow? Or was it confusing?
ESSAY WRITING
22
To list advantages
Linking word
To list disadvantages
One disadvantage of / Another disadvantage of / One other disadvantage of / A further
disadvantage of / The main disadvantage of / The greatest disadvantage of / The first
Linking word
disadvantage of traveling to work by bicycle is that you have no protection from the
wind or rain.
To express effect
Linking word
To express reality
Linking word
It is a fact that / In effect, / In fact, / As a matter of fact, / The fact of the matter is (that) /
Actually, / In practice, / Indeed, / To tell you the truth, a crash helmet would be quite
useless in the event of a serious motorcycle accident.
ESSAY WRITING
23
Linking word
To prove
Linking word
Because, / for, / since, / for the same reason, / obviously, / evidently, / furthermore,
moreover, beside, / indeed, / in fact, / in addition, / in any case, / that is
To show exception
Linking word
Yet, / still, / however, / nevertheless, / in spite of, / despite, / of course, / once in a while,
/ sometimes
To show time
Linking word
To repeat
Linking word
Immediately, / thereafter, soon, / after a few hours, / finally, / then, / later, / previously, /
formerly, / next, / and then
To emphasize
Linking word
To give an example
Linking word
For example, / for instance, / in this case, / in another case, / on this occasion, / in this
situation, / the case of, / to demonstrate, / to illustrate, / as an illustration, / to illustrate
To summarize or conclude
In brief, / on the whole, summing up, / to conclude, / in conclusion, / as I have shown, /
Linking word
as I have hence, / therefore, / accordingly, / thus, / as a result, / consequently, / on the
whole
Linking word
ESSAY WRITING
24
V. Essay Practices
AGREE / DISAGREE
It is important for children to learn what is right and what is wrong at an early age. Punishment is
necessary to help them learn the distinction.
To what extent do you agree, and what sort of punishment should be given?
PROS:
CONS:
SOLUTIONS:
ESSAY WRITING
25
DISADVANTAGES:
STATEMENT:
Support:
ESSAY WRITING
26
Answer
AGREE / DISAGREE
Child education in modern society is attracting much public attention, as parents and society as a whole both
believe that children should learn what is right and what is wrong at an early age. Some people insist that
certain kinds of punishments be adopted to achieve this end. As for me, I think that it is indeed necessary for
parents to resort to certain moderate punishments when a child misbehaves.
Firstly, parents should make their children learn the distinction between right and wrong by slapping their
hands, for instance, when they have touched something they have been told not to touch. Some parents
believe that other forms of physical punishment are also necessary when a child intentionally seems to
behave badly.
Secondly, parents should reinforce the childs concept of right and wrong by leaving him or her alone for a
while to reflect and eventually realize the necessity of apologizing. It is true that many parents in Western
culture communicate with their children on equal terms. But they still leave their children alone in a confined
space so as to reflect on their poor behavior.
Thirdly, kindergarten teachers should discipline children who fail to obey them by temporarily depriving
them of toys or isolating them from their friends. For some, this kind of punishment may seem cruel, but
many teachers find that it works well with most children.
In conclusion, there is no denial that parents should love their children and teachers should love their pupils.
However, it is also necessary for both parents and teachers to discipline children from an early age with
justifiable punishments.
ESSAY WRITING
27
ESSAY WRITING
28
Appendix.
Candidate Name:
Candidate Number:
Centre Name:
Date:
Module:
Tick as appropriate
ACADEMIC
GENERAL TRAINING
Version:
TASK1
ESSAY WRITING
30
TASK2
ESSAY WRITING
31
ESSAY WRITING
32