1

Residential Water System

CHAPTERI
INTRODUCTION

Waterisavitalkeyforhumansurvival.Waterconsumptionshould,then,begiventime
topondersincehumanactivitiesdeterioratesthepurityofnaturalwatersource.Insomerural
areas, there still exist sources of potable water, however, most of the urban places and
surroundingrurallocalitiescannotbeabsolutelycertainthatwatersourcesintheirvicinityare
safeforhumanconsumption.

Withurbanizationandindustrialization,waterconsumptionisboundtoincrease.Given

the fact that water is important, engineers have been responsible in providing a system that
wouldcaterpublicdemandsandothernecessitiesthatthegovernmenthasbeengivenpriority,
asImaysay.

Asfaraswaterprovisionisconcerned,andaspartoftherequirementsinME165,the

purposeofthisdesignistomakeananalysisandtoprovideawatersystemtoatypicalresidential
apartmentthatcanbesituatedinanyurbanorruralzones.Since,itisassumedthatthenatural
watersourceinanurbanoreveninruralareasarenotabsolutelysafefordrinking,anadequate
andsufficientwatersystemshouldbeprovidedtoprovidetheconsumersimmediateneeds.

Theapartmenttobedesignedwiththeresidentialwatersystemconsistsoftwostoreys

with three rooms each,thus, having six rooms in total. The water tank is to be placed at the
rooftoptoutilizegravitationalforce.

Residential Water System

CHAPTER2
CALCULATIONOFWATERDEMAND

2.1SITEOVERVIEW

Thewatersystemisdesignedfortheresidentialapartmentconsistingoftwostoreyswith

atotalofsixrooms,approximatedlotareaistobe170sq.metersandeachroom,consideredas
ahousehold,areais56.67sq.meterseach.

Fig.2.1
2.2TYPICALHOUSEHOLDSIZE
Referring to Figure 2.2, General Santos City has the household population of 528,011, and
number of households of 111,927. Dividing the first by the latter we will get the average
householdsizeof4.72.Forthe10barangays,theaveragehouseholdsizeisproximateto5.

Residential Water System

Source:NationalStatisticsOffice,2007CensusofPopulation
Figure2.2

Therefore,atthepresentitwillbesensibletoprojectahouseholdsizeofaboutfive(5)persons.

2.3EFFECTIVEPOPULATION

Thus,theeffectivenumberofconsumerscanbeestimatedtobe,

EffectivePopulation=6roomsX5

EffectivePopulation=30residents

2.4WATERDEMANDPERPERSON
AccordingtoGeneralSantosCityWaterDistrict,20cubicmeterperhouseholdpermonth
is the average water consumption of a fivemember family. This corresponds to about 35.22
gallonsperdayperperson.Nonetheless,thePumpHandbooksection9.1(WaterSupply)said
thattheconsumptionfordomesticpurposesisgenerallyintherangeof50to60gallonsperday
perperson.Ontheotherhand,WaterSupplybyA.TwortChapter1suggestsabout39.6to50.6
gallonsperdayperperson.
Consequently,itisreasonabletochoose40gallonsperdayperperson.

Residential Water System

2.5AVERAGEDAILYWATERCONSUMPTION

Fortheaveragedailywaterconsumptionoftheconsumers,QA
QA=AverageDailyWaterUseperPersonXEffectivePopulation

QA=40

QA=1,200

X30residents

2.6POPULATIONGROWTHFACTOR

Fromthepublication,WaterfortheWorld,thedesignofwatersupplysystemsshould

considerthelikelypopulationincreaseforcertainyearstoprovidesufficientwaterrequirement
ofthefutureconsumers.
The National Statistical Coordination Board figures General Santos City to have an
Average Annual Population Growth Rate of 2.38% in 2007. Moreover, the water system is
intended to serve the community for about 25 years, so a population growth factor is
interpolatedfromTable3ofthesamesourcetohaveavalueof1.58.Thus,theaveragedaily
householdwaterconsumptionshouldconformtothis,
QB=QAX1.58
QB=1,200

X1.58

QB=1,896

2.7PEAKING/LOADINGFACTOR
Toprovideforunusualwaterdemands,manydesignengineersapplya200to250percent
load factor to the average hourly consumption that is determined from the average annual
consumption. This factor covers variations in water demand, uncertainties as to actual water

Residential Water System

requirements,andforunusualpeakdemandswhosemagnitudecannotbeaccuratelyestimated
inadvance.
Therefore,theaveragedailyhouseholdwaterconsumptionisfurtheradjusted,
QC=QBX2
QC=1,896

X2

QC=3,792

Alternatively,wecandesignatethisasthetotalwaterflowinhouseholdsfortheentire
apartment,sayQHOUSEHOLD,TOTAL,
QHOUSEHOLD,TOTAL=3,792gal/day

=2.633gal/min

=0.005887ft3/sec

2.8MAXIMUMDAILYDEMANDPERHOUSEHOLD,MDDHOUSEHOLD
,

MDDHOUSEHOLD=

MDDHOUSEHOLD=

MDDHOUSEHOLD=632

Residential Water System

2.9CALCULATIONFORLEAKAGES
According to American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AAWARF),
ResidentialWaterUseSummaryPublication(www.aquacraft.com),studyshowsthatamajority
ofhousesareresponsibleforleakagesatanaverageof21.9gallonsperhouseholdperday.So
thatfor6housingunitsexpected,wecansaythatanAverageDailyLeakageADDLEAKAGEwillbe,
ADDLEAKAGE=6householdsX21.9
ADDLEAKAGE=131.4

WewilldesignatethisasQLEAK,
QLEAK=131.4

=0.09125gal

=0.000204

2.11TOTALMAXIMUMDAILYDEMAND,QMDD,TOTAL
Thetotalmaximumdailydemandoftheentirecommunityisthencalculatedtobe,
QMDD,TOTAL

=QHOUSEHOLD,TOTAL+QLEAK
=3,792

+131.4

QMDD,TOTAL

=3,923.4

=2.725

=0.006085

Residential Water System

CHAPTER3
DESIGNOFWATERTANK

Beforewaterreachestheconsumer(afterbeingdistributedfromthetreatmentplant),it
mustbeadequatelyandsafelystored.Thewaterdistributionsystemshouldhavestoragesothat
it is capable for basic domestic purposes and to accommodate the flows necessary for
emergenciessuchasfirefighting.Storageshouldmeetpeakflowrequirements,equalizesystem
pressures,andprovideemergencywatersupply.Thewatersupplysystemmustprovideflowsof
watersufficientinquantitytomeetallpointsofdemandinthedistributionsystem.

3.1WATERTANKTYPE
Anelevatedstoragetankwillbeprovidedwithinthesystemtosupplypeakdemandrates
andequalizesystempressures.Ingeneral,elevatedstorageismoreeffectiveandeconomical
thangroundstoragebecauseofthereducedpumpingrequirements,andthestoragecanalso
serve as a source of emergency supply since system pressure requirements can still be met
temporarilywhenpumpsareoutofservice.
Elevatedstoragecanmaintainadequatesystempressuresandflowsduringperiodsof
peakwaterdemand.

3.2WATERTANKPROFILE
Water tanks can be made of concrete or steel and can take various forms. The most
suitableformforconcretetanksisacylinderwithaflatbottom.Weldedsteeltanksmayhavea
hemisphericalordomeshapedbottom.Theshapeplannedisofcylindricalbody,aconicaltop
coveringwithasmallopeningactingasanairventandahemisphericalbottomwhichistoreduce
deadstoragewateramount.Thematerialtobeusedforthetankismildsteel.

Residential Water System

3.3WATERTANKCAPACITY
Themethodofsizingthestoragetankispresentedasfollows,asacquiredfromtheU.S.
AirForceTechnicalManual5,Volume4,WaterSupply,WaterStorage,AppendixB.
25PercentofTotalDailyDomesticStorageRequirements
QA=QMDD,TOTALX0.25
QA=3,923.4
QA=980.85
QA=131.4339

X1dayX0.25

3.4MINIMUMTANKDIMENSIONS
Thetankthatwillbeinstalledwillhaveacylindricalbodywithaflattopandrounded
bottom.Fromatanksupplierproductcatalogue,rangeofavailabletankheightsisaround8ft.to
80ft.Amidrangeheightof10ft.isassumed.Sothatthevolumeofthecylindricalbodycanbe
expressedas,
.

Andthevolumeofthehemisphericalbottomwouldofcoursebe,

Thewaterlevelinthetankwhenfullisatthepointwherethecylindricalbodyandthe

conicalcoveringmeet,therefore,thevolumeoftheconicalpartisnotincludedinthecalculation.

Hence,thetotaltankcapacityisexpressedas,

Residential Water System

1.5

131.4339

12

1.5

SolvingforthediameterD,

D=4.3261ft

D=1.436m

D=1,436mm

SurfaceAreaCalculations(ForBillingofMaterials):

4.3261 6
81.5451

4.3261
2
43.3411

4.3261
2

10

Residential Water System

4.3261

29.40

3.5 WATERTANKSTRESSANALYSIS

Asoneofthemostusedmaterialforawatertank,andalsosuggestedbywikipedia.org,

mildsteelwillbeused.It(mildsteel)haslessthan0.15%carboncontentandisavailableinthe
market.

Material

MildSteel

UnitWeight

0.282

YieldStress

27,000psi

,usualfactorofsafetyis4

27,000

6,750

The designers chose the cylindrical body to be

establishedbythehydrostaticforceisradial.

. thick, for the fact that the stress

11

Residential Water System

where

=themaximumpressureinsidethetank,psi

=tankdiameter,ft

=cylindricalbodythickness,ft

62.34 6

144
2.5975

2
2.5975 4.71

0.5
2
12
146.8107

Thedimensionsandmaterialofthetankarepropersincethemaximumallowablestress
isgreaterthantheactualmaximumstress.Hence,thereservoirissafefromburstingpressure.
Since,thepressureorstressatthebottomofthetankispredictabletobelargerthanthat
onthecylindricalbody,itisreasonabletomakethesemisphericalbottomthickerthanthebody.
Accordingly,a

.metalsheetistobeused.

12

Residential Water System

CHAPTER4
DESIGNOFDISTRIBUTIONMAINS
TheU.S.AirForceTechnicalManual5,Volume5,suggeststhatmainsshouldbelocated
alongstreetsinordertoprovideshorthydrantbranchesandserviceconnections.Mainsshould
notbelocatedunderpavedorheavilytravelledareasandshouldbeseparatedfromotherutilities
to ensure the safety of potable water supplies, and that maintenanceof a utilitywill cause a
minimumofinterferencewithotherutilities.

4.1DISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMOUTLINE
Theconfigurationofthedistributionsystemisdeterminedprimarilybysizeandlocation
of water demand, street patterns, storage facility and topography. A gridiron pattern looped
feedersystemispreferredthatithasthehydraulicadvantageofdeliveringwatertoanylocation
inmorethanonedirection,insteadofthebranchingsystemtoavoidorminimizedeadends
sincedeadendsinthedistributionsystemareundesirableandshouldbeavoidedtotheextent
possible.Theloopedsystemshouldbeusedforwaterdistributionsystemswheneverpracticable.
Thewaterdistributionsystemdefinedheretowillbecomposedbasicallyof2loopfeedersand
themainpipeline.

4.2LOOPS
Thewatersystemwillbedesignedconsistingof2feederpipelineloops.Eachloopwill
supply water to 3 (three) households and should also assure water flows on the hydrant
installations.The2loopsconfiguredaredetailedasfollows:
Loop1:Thiscircuitwillsupplywatertohousingunitsinthefirststoreywithhouseholds
1,2and3.

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Residential Water System

Loop 2: This circuit will supply water to housing units in the second storey with
households4,5and6.

4.3REQUIREDWATERFLOWPERLOOPOFTHEDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEM
Water demand will then be determined based on the Maximum Daily Demand per
householdcalculatedpreviouslyas,MDDHOUSEHOLD=632

LOOP1
Numberofhousingunits:

3units

ForLoop1,requiredflowQLOOP1willbe,
QLOOP1=(MDDHOUSEHOLD+ADDLEAKAGE)X3households

QLOOP1=(632

+21.9

QLOOP1=1,961.7
QLOOP1=1.363
QLOOP1=0.00304

)X3households

LOOP2
Numberofhousingunits:

3units

ForLoop2,requiredflowQLOOP2willbe,
QLOOP2=(MDDHOUSEHOLD+ADDLEAKAGE)X3households

14

Residential Water System

QLOOP2=(632

+21.9

QLOOP2=1,961.7
QLOOP2=1.363

)X3households

QLOOP2=0.00304

4.4REQUIREDWATERFLOWONTHEMAINFEEDERPIPELINE

Soduringdaysofnormalusagewhichimpliesdaysofaveragewateruseondomestic

purposesexclusiveofemergencyandfiredemandsthetotalflowiscalculatedontheeleven
loopsplusthedailydemandonthechurch,sayingittheotherwayastheflowrequiredonthe
mainpipelines,QMAINPIPELINEwouldbe,
QMAINPIPELINE=QLOOP1+QLOOP2
QMAINPIPELINE=1.363+1.363
QMAINPIPELINE=2.726

4.5DISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMPIPELINESUMMARYANDPIPESIZING
As determined previously, we will assume flows QMAIN PIPELINE, QLOOP and QLOOP 2 to be
uniformonthemainpipelines,loops1and2respectively.
4.6PIPELINEMATERIAL

Commercially available galvanized iron (GI) pipes will be used in the system. The

propertiesofgalvanizedironfavouringitsusearelightweight,highstrength,andabilitytoyield
ordeflectunderloads,andthecapabilityofbendingwithoutbreaking.

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Residential Water System

4.7PIPEDIAMETERS
FromtheHandbookofMechanicalEngineeringCalculations,Section14.12,Watersupply
andStormwaterSystemDesign,mentionsthatatypicalallowablefrictionheadlossforwater
supplysystemsis10ftofwaterper1000ft(3.0mper304.8m).Sowefirstassumethatafriction
headlossof10ftofwaterper1000ftofpipeissuitableforthissystem.
Consequently, we then assume that the pipe is sized by using the HazenWilliams
equationwiththecoefficientC=100.Mostwatersupplysystemsaredesignedwiththisequation
andthisvalueofC.
From the same text, Fig. 10 shows a nomogram for solution of the HazenWilliams
equation for pipes flowing full. With the assumed frictionhead loss of 10 ft /1000 ft (3.0
m/304.8m)ofpipeontherighthandscale,thenprojectingthroughtheassumedHazenWilliams
coefficientC=100,andextendingthisstraightlineuntilitintersectsthepivotaxis.Thenonthe
lefthandscale,theknownflowratesofthemainpipelinesandthethreeloopsareprojectedto
thepreviouslyfoundintersectiononthepivotaxis.Notably,whentherequiredpipesizefalls
betweentwoplottedsizes,thenextlargersizeisused.
Therefore,thesuggestedinsidediameterforthemainfeederlineis5inches,and1inch
forthedistributionlines.However,fromthepublicationRuralWaterSupply,Volume1,Design
Manual,theavailableinsidediameterforGIpipesinthelocaleisupto75mm(2.95in)only.
Therefore,themainfeederlinewillusethegreatestdiameterofGIpipesavailablethatis75mm.
Forthedistributionlines,25mm(0.98in)willbeused.

PIPELINE

FLOWRATE
Q

SUGGESTEDPIPESIZE
(InsideDiameter)

MAINFEEDERLINE

2.726

75mm(2.95in)

LOOP1

1.363

25mm(0.98in)

LOOP2

1.363

25mm(0.98in)

16

Residential Water System

4.8MAINFEEDERPIPELINESUMMARY
Thelinesbasicallystartfromtheelevatedstoragetanklocationuntileachdistribution
pipelineloop.PipesthroughsegmentsASRCBAaresetwithequalpipesizes.FromRuralWater
Supply,Volume1,DesignManual,thelargestnominaldiameterforGIpipeswhichis75mmwill
beused.Coefficientoffriction,ksvaluesforvalvesandfittingsarefromTwortsWaterSupply,
Table12.2.
Therefore,themainpipelineistobeconstructedwithalengthof10ft.or3.1m.
VALVESANDFITTINGSONMAINFEEDERLINE:

Valve/FittingType

Coefficientof
Friction,
ks

No.ofoccurrence/s

75mm90Elbow
75mmTee

1.5
0.4

2
4

4.9DISTRIBUTIONPIPELINESUMMARY

FromRuralWaterSupply,Volume1,DesignManual,thelargestnominaldiameterforGI

pipeswhichis25mmwillbeused.

LOOP1PIPELINESUMMARY
Loop1willbecomposedofpipesegmentAB.
STRAIGHTPIPESONLOOP1:
GalvanizedIronPipes
25mm(0.98in.)InsideDiameter
PipeSegment

PipeLength

AB

13.8m(45ft)

TOTALLENGTH

13.8m(45ft)

17

Residential Water System

VALVESANDFITTINGSONLOOP1:

Valve/FittingType

Coefficientof
Friction,
ks

No.ofoccurrence/s

25mmGateValve

0.25

LOOP2PIPELINESUMMARY
Loop2willbecomposedofpipesegmentCD.
STRAIGHTPIPESONLOOP2:
GalvanizedIronPipes
25mm(0.98in.)InsideDiameter
PipeSegment

PipeLength

CD

13.8m(45ft)

TOTALLENGTH

13.8m(45ft)

VALVESANDFITTINGSONLOOP2:

Valve/FittingType

Coefficientof
Friction,
ks

No.ofoccurrence/s

25mmGateValve

0.25

18

Residential Water System

CHAPTER5
CALCULATIONOFLINEFRICTIONHEADLOSSES
5.1FRICTIONHEADLOSSES

Forthecalculationoftheelevationofthetank,theprimeheadlossinthepipelineiswell
thoughtouttoensurethatallelementswillbeprovidedappropriately.

FromTwortsTable12.2,thevaluesofaconstantksinsolvingtheheadlossinfittingsand

valvescanbeused.Theformulafortheheadlossinthevalvesandfittingsis,

Fortheheadlossinthepipes,HazenWilliamsequationwillbeused.
.

Incalculatingheadlosses,thefarthestpointfromthetankwillbeconsideredsinceithas

thegreatestheadloss,whichispointD.Nonetheless,thereisonlyonepathtothatpoint,the
pathAB,thus,theheadlosswillbedirectlycalculatedforthispath.

5.2FRICTIONHEADLOSSCALCULATIONFORPATHCD
In calculating head losses for valves and fittings along the path, water velocity is first
calculated.Thecontinuityequationisused,andQisfromChapter4(QMAINPIPELINE),whichis2.726
or0.00609

.Thediameterofthepipeis75mm(2.95in.).

19

Residential Water System

0.00609

4
0.00609
2.95
4
.

12

ThiswatervelocityisacceptablesinceaccordingtoUSTechnicalManual,water
velocityVinthecircuitneednotgobeyond10fps.
Since,Visalreadycalculated,thecoefficientoffrictionvalues(ks)willbetabulated
belowandsummed.

Valve/FittingType

Coefficientof
Friction,
ks

No.ofoccurrence/s

Total

75mm90Elbow
75mmTee
TOTAL

1.5
0.4

2
4

3
1.6
4.6

Now,forfrictionheadlossesforvalvesandfittingsalongpathASR,

4.6 0.1283

2 32.17
.

IncalculationofheadlossesforpipesalongpathCD,itstotallengthwillbe45ftor
13.8m.

20

Residential Water System

Now,forthefrictionheadlossesforpipes,
.

0.42262
0.42262 45

0.1283
100

Thus,thetotalfrictionheadlossforpathCDis,

0.00117
.

0.000923

2.95
12

21

Residential Water System

CHAPTER6
CALCULATIONOFWATERTANKELEVATION
ThetankelevationcanbecalculatedusingtheBernoullistheorem.

where

=pressureonthewaterlevelinthetank,0psig

=watervelocityinthetank,0fpsforlargetanks

=tankelevation,feet

=desiredexitpressureofwaterinfaucets,etc,25psig

=desiredexitvelocityofwaterinfaucets,etc,7fps

=totalheadlossinthecircuit,0.00294ft

0
2

25 144
62.34
.

7
2 32.17

0.00294

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Residential Water System

CHAPTER7
SELECTIONOFPUMP

In this chapter the selection of pump is discussed. The type of pump selected is a

submersibletypesincethepumpingwaterleveliscloseto20m(65.62ft)(RuralWaterSupply,
Volume1,DesignManual).
7.1SUBMERSIBLEPUMP
Thesubmersiblepumpisapumpwhichhasahermeticallysealedmotorclosecoupledto
thepumpbody.Thewholeassemblyissubmergedinthefluidtobepumped.Theadvantageof
thistypeofpumpisthatitcanprovideasignificantliftingforceasitdoesnotrelyonexternalair
pressure to lift the fluid. The pump is installed just above the motor, and both of these
componentsaresuspendedinwater.Submersiblepumpsuseenclosedimpellersandareeasyto
installandmaintain.Thesepumpsrunonlyonelectricpowerandcanbeusedforpumpingwater
from very deep and crooked wells. Moreover, they are unlikely to be struck by lightning and
requireconstantflowofwateracrossthemotor(RuralWaterSupply,Volume1,DesignManual).
Submersiblepumpsshouldstrictlybetermedsubmersiblemotorpumpsorsubmersible
pumpsets. The pump, driven by a submersible motor, is very similar to a pump driven by a
vertical spindle dry motor, although some differences are given below. Submersible pumps
gained in popularity because they usually result in a cheaper installation than one using dry
motors.Thedisadvantagesofhavingasubmergedmotor(outofthesightandhearingofany
attendantandlessreliablethanadrymotorwhenthesubmersiblemachinewasfirstintroduced)
havebeenlargelyovercomebyimprovementsinthemotordesign,particularlyintheinsulation
andintheinstrumentationusedformonitoringpumpperformance.Properlychosensubmersible
pumpshaveprovedreliableinserviceovermanyyears;submersibledesignsarenowavailable
fromspecialistmanufacturersforaverywiderangeofduties(TwortsWaterSupply).

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Residential Water System

7.2CALCULATIONOFTOTALDYNAMICHEAD

In selectingpumps, total dynamic head must be calculated first as it determineswhat

pumpisneededinthesystem.

Insolvingforthetotaldynamichead,thetotalstaticheadmustfirstbeconsidered.The

formulafortotalstaticheadis

where

=totalstatichead,feet

=totalsuctionlift,feet

=watertankelevationrelativetothedesigncircuit,58.51ft.
=headoftheweightofthewater(tankheight),6feet

Atotalsuctionpipelengthof200ft.willbeused,

200

Therefore,

200

58.51
.

Incalculatingtotaldynamichead,thevelocityofwaterflowmustbesolved.Thediameter

ofpipesusedforsuctionanddischargeare50mm(1.969in.)GIpipes.

Thetotalmaximumdaydemandis0.00209

0.00609
1.969
4 12

,thus,thewatervelocitywillbe,

24

Residential Water System

Incalculatingthetotaldynamichead,theheadlossofthepipecircuitfromthepumpto
thewaterstoragetankmustbemeasured.Thetotallengthofthepipestobeusedis265ft.The
valvesandfittingstabulatedbelowisbasedonRuralWaterSupply,Volume1,DesignManual,
Table11.3.

Equivalent

Valve/FittingType

Lengthper

No.ofoccurrence/s

Total

Valve/Fitting
(m)
50mmStrainer

6.10

6.10

50mm90Elbow

1.62

4.86

50mmCheckValve

4.27

4.27

50mmGlobeValve

16.76

33.52

50mmFootValve

2.74

2.74

TOTAL

51.49

Sincethevalvesandfittingshaveequivalentlengths,thiswillbeaddedtothetotallength
ofpipes,thus,
265

51.49

316.49ft
Therefore,thetotalfrictionheadlossalongpipesandvalvesinthecircuitisgivenby,

0.42262
.

316.49

0.1283
100

1.969
12

25

Residential Water System

Therefore,thetotaldynamichead,

is,

264.51

0.0129

FromthebookPumpsandBlowersbyChurch,theformulaforthefluidhorsepoweris,

where

=fluidhorsepower,hp

=deliveredweight,

=totaldynamicheadordischargehead,feet

0.326

62.34

20.33 264.523

550
.

62.34

26

Residential Water System

FromthebookPumpsandBlowersbyChurch,theformulaforthebrakehorsepoweris

where

=brakehorsepower,hp

=fluidhorsepower,hp

=overallpumpefficiency

Thetypicaloverallpumpefficiencyrangesfrom60%to80%.Accordingly,inthisdesign
70%willbeused.Thatis,
9.78

0.70
.

ThediagramshownaboveisfromtheSubmersiblePumpsBrochureofGrundfosA/S.With
thecalculatedtotaldynamichead264.523ft.(80.63m)andthetotalpumpvolumedischarge
capacity1,173.36

(33.23

regionofSP30pump.

),theintersectionliesinsidethegraph.Thatpointiswithinthe

27

Residential Water System

CHAPTER8
MISCELLANEOUSACCESSORIES

Inthewatersystemdesign,therearevariousequipmentusedthatareessentialtothe

safety of the main equipment such as the pump and other piping. In this chapter, these
accessoriesareenumeratedandgivenbriefdescription.

8.1

CU3

TheCU3controlunitelectronicmotorstarterformonitoringandprotectinginstallations

withratedvoltagesof200575V,5060Hz,andamaximumpowerconsumptionof400A.
TheCU3monitorsthefollowing;

Systeminsulationresistancetoearthbeforestart

MotorTemperature

Motorcurrentconsumptionandcurrentunbalance

VoltageSupply

Phasesequence

TechnicalData
EnclosureClass:IP20
AmbientTemp.:20 to+60
RelativeHumidity:99%
VoltageVariation:25/+25%ofnominalvoltage
Frequency:45to65Hz

Residential Water System

MaximumbackupFuse:10A
RelayOutput:Max.415V,3A,AC1
Approvals:theCU3complieswith:VDE,DEMKO,EN,ULandCSA.
Marking:CE

8.2

R100REMOTECONTROL
WirelessinfraredremotecontrolbymeansoftheR100.Thisfunctionenablestheuser

tochangefactorysettingsandtomonitortheinstallationbycallingupactualoperatingdata,e.g.
currentconsumption,supplyvoltageandoperatinghours.

8.3

EXTERNALSENSORSSM100
Reception Of data from External sensors by means of an SM100 sensor module and

controlaccordingtodatareceived,e.g.flowrate,pressure,waterlevelandconductivity.

8.4

MTP75MOTORPROTECTION
TheMTP75protectsagainsttoohighmotortemperature.Thisisthecheapestwayof

ensuringlongmotorlife.Thecostumeriscertainthatoperatingconditionsareobservedandis
givenindicationofthetimewhenaservicecheckistobemade.
TechnicalData
SupplyVoltage:2variants:

1x200400V10%,50/60Hz

3x380415V10%,50/60Hz

28

Residential Water System

Atransformerisrequiredforvoltagesover415volts

ControlVoltage:contactload:

Maximum415V/3A

Minimum12V/20mA

Enclosure:IP20
OperatingConditions:

MinimumTemperature20degreeCelsius
Maximumtemperature+60degreeCelsius
RelativeHumidity:99%
Storage:

MinimumTemperature20degreeCelsius

Maximumtemperature+60degreeCelsius

8.5 WATERTREATMENT

Mostcommontypeofwaterqualityproblemsofgroundwatersourcesistheexcessive

amountofironandmanganeseofrawwater.AccordingtoTable10.1TreatmentOptionsorRWS
DesignManual,AerationMethodissuitedtogroundwatercontaminatedofIron,manganese
andHydrogensulfide.Thediffusersortheuseandemployingbafflesinthetanktolengthenthe
travelofwater.Thiswouldmakethewaterbemoreexposedtoair,andbyreactionremoving
ironfromit.

Also,strainerisinstalledinpumpingwaterlevelthuspreventingwatercontamination.

29

30

Residential Water System

8.6 CONTROLS

Thisinvolvesvalves/fittingsforcontroloftransmissionanddistributionmains.
Valves/Fittings

Uses

Type

IsolationValve

Canbemanuallyclosedto
blocktheflowofwater;
primarypurposeofthese
valvesistoprovidemeansof
turningoffaportionofthe
systemandemployed
throughoutthenetwork

GateValves

DirectionalValve

Usedtoensurethatwater
canflowonlyinthedirection
throughapipeline;installed
inthepipelinethroughthe
tank

CheckValve

Tocorrectthesametypeand
sizeofpipe

Union;Couplings

(CheckValve)

Fittings

Reducers
Caps,plugs,andblind
flanges

Toconnecttwopipesof
differentsize
Tostoptheflow

TeeReducers

31

Residential Water System

Chapter 9
BILLINGOFMATERIALS

Inthischapter,thematerialsandequipmentusedaretabulated,withtheirunitprices

andrespectivequantities.

Description

Unit Price (Php)

Quantity

Total

10 75mm GI pipe

1,250

1,250

45 25mm GI pipe

3,375

6,750

75mm GI Tee

500

500

75mm x 25mm GI
Tee (reducer)

400

400

75mm 90 Elbow

300

300

25mm Gate Valve

400

2,400

Grundfos SP 30
Pump

200,000

200,000

Miscellaneous
Accessories

25,000

TOTAL

236,600

32

Residential Water System

Chapter 10
FIGURES

SelectedApartmentforDesigningWaterSystem

TheApartmentInstalledwithWaterSystem

33

Residential Water System

Left:ThetankwithaD=4.326ft.andH=10ft
Right:WaterReceiverforOverflowPipe(Red)andMaintenancePipe(Green)

Blue:DischargePipe(ToConsumers);Yellow:SuctionPipe(FromWaterSource)

34

Residential Water System

PipelinestoEachApartmentRoom

TheWaterPump:SP30Pump

35

Residential Water System

References

PublishedMaterials:

PumpHandbook,ThirdEditionbyIgorKarassik

Mark'sStandardHandbookForMechanicalEngineersbyAvalloneandBaumeister

WaterfortheWorldPublication

HandbookofMechanicalEngineeringCalculations
o WaterSupplyandStormwaterSystemDesign
o Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations: Plumbing and Drainage for
BuildingsandOtherStructures

ThePracticalPumpingHandbookbyBrianNesbitt

InternetPublications:

Article 302 Submersible Pump Sizing Large Wells by California Groundwater

Association(www.groundh2o.org)

Tech Brief: Reservoirs, Towers, and Tanks Drinking Water Storage Facilities by Vipin
Bhardwaj(www.ndwc.wvu.edu)

Goulds Pumps Product Catalog Submersible Turbine Pumps by Goulds Pumps

Corporation(www.goulds.com)

SubmersibleWellPumpsforDrinkingWaterWells(www.inspectny.com/water)

FloridaAdministrativeCode:FinishedDrinkingWaterStorageCapacity

ProjectWaterSupply:WaterDemandsAppendixA(www.maderacounty.com)

ArmyEngineeringPublications:TechnicalManuals(www.usace.army.mil)
o WaterSupplySourcesAndGeneralConsiderations
o WaterSupply,WaterDistribution
o WaterSupply,WaterStorage
o WaterSupplyPumpingStations

Residential Water System

Residential Water Use Summary by AWWARF Residential End Uses of Water Study
(www.aquacraft.com)

NationalStatisticalCoordinationBoard(http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru12)

DesignGuidelinesforFirstNationsWaterWorks(http://www.aincinac.gc.ca/H2O)

DomesticWaterHeatingandWaterHeaterEnergyConsumptioninCanadabyC.Aguilar,
D.J.White,andDavidL.Ryan(www.ualberta.ca)

Approving the Common Definition of Terms Relative to Water Supply, Sewerage and
SanitationbytheNationalEconomicDevelopmentAgencyBoard

http://www.epcor.ca

www.koronadal.gov.ph

36