Ch 20 and 21 Study Guide

1. Distinguish between weather and climate.

Term
Description
Weather
Climate
2.
Term
Warm front

Description

How does it affect weather?

Cold front
Highpressure air
masses
Low-pressure
air masses
3. Describe at least five different factors that contribute to global air-circulation patterns.
Factor
Description

4. Describe how ocean currents generally redistribute heat.

5.

Description

upwellin
g
6.
El-Nino
Southern
Oscillation
La Nina

Description

Describe the Greenhouse

Effect

How it is affected by an El NioSouthern

Oscillation

Ch 20 and 21 Study Guide

Greenhouse gases

1.
Layer of the
atmosphere
Troposphere

Significance to the greenhouse effect

Description of structure

Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Ionosphere
Thermosphere

Composition of the
Atmosphere
2. Distinguish between the following sets of terms:
Terms
Description
Primary pollutant
Secondary
pollutant

Stationary
source
Mobile source
Photochemical
smog
Industrial smog
3. List eight major classes of primary outdoor pollutants.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

Ch 20 and 21 Study Guide

h.
4. Describe how smog is formed.

5. What factors influence the formation of photochemical and industrial smog?

6. Describe a thermal inversion and conditions under which it is most likely to occur.

7. Define acid deposition.

8. Identify the risks that acid deposition creates for ecological systems and for human health.

9. List six strategies to prevent acid deposition.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
10. List two strategies to CLEANUP acid deposition

11.
Indoor air pollution
Type

Source

Heath Threat

Ch 20 and 21 Study Guide

12. According to the EPA the 3 Most dangerous indoor air pollutants
Most Dangerous Air
Potential Health Effects
Strategies for Dealing with
Pollutants

13.
Describe Asbestos

Explain the risks associated with exposure

14.
How does Air Pollution Affect Each? (briefly)
Human
Health
Plants
Aquatic Life
Materials
13. What are the deficiencies in the Clean Air Act?
a.
b.
c.
d.
14. Define emissions trading policy.

15. List four prevention strategies to reduce emissions from stationary sources of air pollution.
a.
b.
c.
d.
16. List three cleanup strategies to reduce emissions from stationary sources of air pollution.
a.
b.
c.

Ch 20 and 21 Study Guide

17. Which pollutants are being regulated by these methods?

18. List four prevention strategies to reduce emission from motor vehicles.
a.
b.
c.
d.
19. List three cleanup strategies to reduce emission from motor vehicles
a.
b.
c.
20. List three prevention strategies and six cleanup strategies to reduce indoor air pollution.
Prevention
Cleanup

21. Describe what the Earth would be like without a greenhouse effect.
22. List the two predominant greenhouse gases.
a.
b.

23. List four greenhouse gases that have risen in the last few decades.
a.
b.
c.
d.
24. List three human activities that contribute greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
a.
b.
c.

25. Distinguish between

Greenhouse effect

Global Warming

Ch 20 and 21 Study Guide

26. Describe the general trend of mean global temperature since 1860.
27. List factors other than the greenhouse effect that may have contributed to the general
temperature change.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
28. State the range of temperature change that could cause real damage to ecosystems.
29. Explain why a range so seemingly small can have such major consequences.

30.
Topics
Food production
Water Supplies
Forests
Biodiversity
Sea levels
Weather Extremes
Human Health
Environmental
Refugees

Projected effects of Global Warming

Ch 20 and 21 Study Guide

31. Describe three schools of thought about global warming and how we as a human society should act.
School of thought
Description
How we as a human society should act
about
global warming

32. List six strategies which would slow potential global warming, including both prevention and
cleanup approaches.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
33. Describe the economic impacts of reducing the threat of climate change?

34. What can Market place reductions do?

35. What is Sequestration and how can it help slow global climate change?

36. What is the Kyoto Treaty?

37. How can individuals reduce their carbon footprint?

38. What actions should we be taking to prepare for Global Warming?

39. Describe the origin of stratospheric ozone and the role it plays in protecting life on Earth.
40. What are CFCs and how do they affect ozone? (know the drawing or the equations figure 21-21)

Ch 20 and 21 Study Guide

41. What other chemicals deplete stratospheric ozone?

42. .Explain the potential consequences of ozone depletion to human health and wildlife

43. What is being done to address the issue of ozone depletion?