Aspects of Connected Speech

Aspects of Connected
Speech
Rhythm
Stressed-timed rhythm

Explanation

Stressed syllables will tend to

Example

Russian, English, Arabic

occur at quite regular interval

regardless of whether they are
separated by unstressed syllable
Syllable-timed rhythm

or not.
Stressed and unstressed

Assimilation

syllable
A phoneme is changed as a

French,Telugu,Yoruba

result of being near to some

other phoneme belonging to
Regressive Assimilation

another word next to it.

Final consonant,Cf changes to
become like initial consonant,Ci
(Anticipatory Assimilation)
Place of Articulation

/n/ assimilates to //

/s/ assimilates to //

This shiny - / ani/

/z/ assimilates to //

Cheese shop - / ti p/

/t/ assimilates to /k/ or //

That case - / k kes/

/d/ assimilates to //

Good girl - / l/

Been going- /bi /

Manner of Articulation

/t/ plosive assimilates

to /s/ fricative
/d/ plosive assimilates

That side - / s sad/

Good night - / n nat/

to /n/ nasal
Progressive Assimilation

Manner of Articulation

/n/ , /t/ and /d/ become

identical to final

In the - /n n/
Get them - / et

consonant with dental

place of articulation

tm/
Read these - / rid
diz/

Elision

Disappearance of a sound

Loss of weak vowel after

p,t,k
In the first

Potato - / ptet/
Canary - / kneri/
Today - / tde/

Looked back - /lkt

syllable,the vowel
may
disappear,the
initial plosive
consonant is

aspirated
Complex consonant

bk/ can be

clusters are simplified

simplified to / lk

Weak vowel / / + n,r,l

becomes syllabic
consonant

Linking/Liaison

/v/ can disappear in

bk/
Tonight - / tnat/
Police - / plis/
Correct - / krekt/

Waste of time - /
west tam/

of,before consonant
Common feature of continuity
and natural flow of speech. To
link the words means to join
them together and it often
entails different types of fusing
sounds at word boundaries.
Linking and Intrusion /r/

dmn/
/r/ is not

Linking /r/
When, there is a
written r at the
end of a word
and it occurs
between two
vowel
sounds,speakers
with non-rhotic

Her German - / h

pronounced
Her English - / hr
l/
/r/ is
pronounced

accents often use

the phoneme /r/
to link the
proceeding vowel

to a following one
Intrusive /r/
When two vowel

/ midr eksplo

sounds meet and

there is no written

tenn /
Media are - / mid

r/
Saw it - / s rt/

I agree - / aj ri/

Go on - / wn/
Who is? - / hu wz/

letter r, speakers
with non-rhotic

Media exploitation -

accents will still

often introduce
the /r/ phoneme
in order to ease
the transition
This happens
when the first
word ends in
//, // or //
Linking /j/
When a word
ends in /i;/ , or a
diphthong which
ends with / /
,speaker often
introduce /j/ to
ease the
transition to a
following vowel
sound
Linking /w/
When a word
ends in /u:/,or a
diphthong which
ends with
//,speakers
often introduce

a /w/ to ease the

transition to the
following vowel
Juncture

sound.
The difference in the

pronunciation (of the underlined

skrim/
Ice cream - / as

word) despite the phonemes

being the same are differences
in juncture

I scream - / a

krim/
My train - / ma tren/
Might rain - / mat
ren/

Contraction

Simplify and speed up

communication. It is a process
when a weak form occurs with
or next to another word and
they together go through
another reduction. Then, the
two words are pronounced as
one; marked by apostrophe
Personal Pronoun + Auxiliary
Verb

Verb + not

I am Im
He is Hes
They are theyre
I have Ive
He will Hell
Was not Wasnt
Priya Darshini Murugan