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To reuse high-TDS produced water effectively in crosslinked gel-based hydraulicfracturing fluids, the water must first
be treated. The treatment need not generate potable or fresh water, as some oil
and gas industry water treatments do.
The goal of the treatment is to remove
only minerals that hinder the development of the crosslinked fluid or that
cause scale buildup in the well. One effec-
Copyright 2014, Society of Petroleum Engineers. Reprinted from the Journal of Petroleum Technology with permission.
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Viscosity
Temperature
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Temperature, F
Viscosity, cp at 40 sec1
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
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Scaling Tendencies
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Field Trial
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