Derived from Sanskrit word Aniketa lit means "having no residence" hence name Aniket means

"homeless, in a sense who is not confined to a physical home, and the one who resides in everything, like
spirit or god"

2.5 TEMPERATURTE ZONE AND RATING

Some refrigerators are now divided into four zones to store different types of food: 18 C (0 F) (freezer) 0 C (32 F) (meats) 5 C (49 F) (refrigerator) 10 C (50 F) (vegetables)The capacity of
a refrigerator is measured in either litres or cubic feet (US).Typically the volume of a combined
fridge-freezer is split to 100 litres (3.53 cubic feet) for the freezer and 140 litres (4.94 cubic feet) for the
refrigerator, although thesevalues are highly variable.Temperature settings for refrigerator and freezer compartments
are often givenarbitrary numbers (for example, 1 through 9, warmest to coldest) by
manufacturers, but generally 2 to 8 C (36 to 46 F) is idle for the refrigerator compartment and -18 C(0 F)
for the freezer. Some refrigerators require a certain external temperature 16 C( 6 0 F ) t o r u n
p r o p e r l y. T h u s c a n b e a n i s s u e w h e n p l a c i n g a r e f r i g e r a t o r i n a n unfinished area such as a
garage.
2.6 REFRIGERANT
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used19

D o m e s t i c R e f r i g e r a t i o n A p p l i a n c e s u s e d f o r k e e p i n g f o o d i n dwelling units.HFC134aCommercialRefrigerationHolding and displaying frozen and freshfood in retail outletsR 404A, R 507,HFC234aFood processing and coldstorageEquipment to preserve, process and storefood from its source to the
wholesaleand coolingR410A,R407C,R 507,HFC-134aI n d u s t r i a l R e f r i g e r a t i o n L a r g e e q u i p m e n t ,
t y p i c a l l y 2 5 k W t o 3 0 MW, used for chemical processing, coldstorage, food processing and
districtheating and coolingHFC-134a, R-404A, R507T r a n s p o r t r e f r i g e r a t i o n E q u i p m e n t t o p r e s e r v e a n d s t o r e g o o d s , primarily
foodstuffs, during transport byroad, rail, air and seaR410A, R407C,HFC-134A
2.7 VAPOUR COMPRESSION CYCLE
2.7.1 Introduction
The vapour compression cycle is the mostly widely used method of refrigeration inthe modern
application. Your household refrigerator, water cooler, deep freezer, air-conditioner etc, all run on
vapour compression cycle. The cycle is called as
vapour c o m p r e s s i o n c y c l e , b e c a u s e t h e v a p o u r s o f r e f r i g e r a n t a r e c o m p r e s s e d
i n t h e compressor of the system to develop the cooling effect.
2.7.2 Working
Here are the various process of vapour compression cycle (refer the figure).20

(1)
Compression
: The vapours of refrigerants enter the compressor and get compressed to high pressure and high
temperature. During this process
thee n t r o p y o f t h e r e f r i g e r a n t i d e a l l y r e m a i n s c o n s t a n t a n d i t l e a v e s i n superheat
ed state.(2)

Condensation
: The superheated refrigerant then enters the condenser where it is cooled either by
a i r o r w a t e r d u e t o w h i c h i t s t e m p e r a t u r e reduces, but pressure remains constant and it gets
converted into liquidstate. (3)
Expansion
: The liquid refrigerant then enters the expansion valve or throttling valve or capillary tube when sudden
expansion of the
refrigeranto c c u r s , d u e t o w h i c h i t s t e m p e r a t u r e a n d p r e s s u r e f a l l s d o w n . T h e refr
igerant leaves expansion valve or capillary tube in partially liquid stateand partially in gaseous state.(4)
Evaporation or cooling
: The partially liquid and partially gaseousrefrigerant at very low temperat
u r e e n t e r s t h e e v a p o r a t o r w h e r e t h e substance to be cooled is kept. It is here where the
refrigeration effect
is p r o d u c e d . T h e r e f r i g e r a n t s a b s o r b s t h e h e a t f r o m t g e s u b s t a n c e t o b e cooled and gets
converted into vapour state.Fig 2.7 : Simple VCR System T-S diagram of VCR System21

Fig 2.8 : P-V diagram of VCR System

2.7.3 Advantages
Capable of large refrigerating loads at lower initial purchase and operating cost. Very efficient Very compact
system for small to very large heat loads. Cycle can be reversed for heat pump operation.
2.7.4 Disadvantages
22