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KSA
PME Reference
Article I Preliminary
1)
Definitions
Transporter means an entity engaged in the offsite transportation of waste by air, rail, highway or
water and is anyone who transports the trackable
waste from its place of production or storage to
another location.
Citation
a) This document may be cited as the National
Best Practicable Environmental Option for Waste
Disposal Guidance Note for KSA. This standard
revises the current General Standards for the
Environment (specifically document number 140901) issued by the Presidency of Meteorology and
Environment (PME).
3)
.
4)
is
Purpose
a) This Guidance note has been developed to
provide PME with a range of options for waste
disposal, comparing the advantages and
disadvantages, to develop options that best
addresses
KSAs
objectives
for
waste
management.
b) The BPEO is the waste management system
which achieves effective and affordable waste
management with minimum cost and maximum
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Exemptions
a) Specific exemptions may be specified within this
standard at any point where relevant to the Article
that they are common to; however as this is a
guidance standard these may not be enforceable.
7)
Scope
a) For each waste stream, as classified in the
Waste Classification Standard, there are a variety
of alternative approaches available to ascertain the
BPEO for waste disposal.
6)
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Periodic review
a) As a minimum, the Competent Agency shall
undertake a periodic review of this standard every
5 years.
b) Where new information suggests that
adjustments are required to this standard, all
changes will be subject to the appropriate
consultation and will be notified to facilities by the
Competent Agency.
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ii)
iii)
v)
i)
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1)
i)
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ii)
ii)
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5)
4)
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6)
8)
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1)
Environment
A)
Air
i)
ii)
iii)
ii)
iii)
and its
i)
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B)
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ii)
iii)
i)
ii)
iii)
v)
v)
vi) Will
landfill
gas
recovery
and
combustion convert methane to less
potent carbon dioxide and reduce
greenhouse gas emissions?
C)
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waste
Local Amenity
iii)
iv) methane
emissions
decomposition;
v)
from
carbon
dioxide
emissions
composting operations;
i)
ii)
iii)
waste
from
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v)
E)
Natural Heritage
b) Questions to ask when appraising the effects of
waste management options on cultural heritage
include:
ii)
iii)
v)
i)
ii)
iii)
F)
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G)
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i)
ii)
ii)
iii)
iii)
v)
H)
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Risk of Accidents
a) A safe and healthy environment for employees
and the public in the waste management industry is
desirable. However, some risk may be associated
with certain tasks, for example, for workers
using/operating heavy and mechanical plant,
handling of hazardous wastes and waste
transportation.
2)
Economy
A)
Cost
a) Waste management options will include a
combination of measures, including avoidance,
minimisation, reuse, recycling, recovery and
disposal. Developing the best package of measures
to reduce waste going for final disposal will depend
on both technical and economic factors.
b) From an economic perspective, the objective is
to satisfy waste management objectives at the least
overall cost to society. Least economic cost does
not mean least short-term financial cost as some
actions, such as recycling, might appear more
expensive but might yield big savings in raw
materials or even the future cost of landfill
provision.
c) Management system options can therefore be
compared using a number of different measures of
cost such as:
i)
capital costs
equipment;
of
infrastructure
and
ii)
iii)
decommissioning costs;
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Financeability/Affordability
a) In order for a waste management system option
to be implemented successfully it is essential that
there is sufficient funding available to put the
system in place, and that once in place the costs
entailed in operating and maintaining the system
are affordable to all involved. In looking at funding,
issues about the potential for private sector
involvement are relevant.
C)
ii)
iii)
ii)
iii)
might
the
project
v)
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Social
A)
Employment
a) Waste management systems have the potential
to impact positively or negatively on employment in
terms of the number of jobs, their quality and
distribution. Employment enables people to meet
their needs and improve their living standards and
is the single most effective and sustainable way of
tackling poverty and social exclusion for those who
can work.
b) Development of new waste management
facilities will create temporary construction
employment which may be available to local people
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Will
opportunities
for
temporary
construction employment be created by
development of new facilities?
ii)
iii)
the
will
waste
these
i)
ii)
iii)
v)
C)
B)
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Public Acceptability
a) For a waste management system option that
requires the public to do things differently (for
example, involving increased participation on their
part) it is important that the public find this
acceptable and are prepared to play the role
required of them in order for the system to work.
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i)
ii)
iii)
4)
Practicability
A)
Flexibility
a) In order to meet variation in the demands on
waste management arrangements in the future or
to accommodate newer and more effective
techniques or respond to changes in regulation, it is
important that the waste management system
option should be able to incorporate or allow for
response to future changes.
Social Implications
a) The waste management methods used for each
management system option may have the potential
to impact positively or negatively on society at a
local and national level.
ii)
iii)
v)
i)
ii)
iii)
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i)
ii)
iii)
ii)
iii)
i)
ii)
iii)
D)
i)
Practical Deliverability
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Technical Feasibility
i)
waste minimisation;
ii)
iii)
reuse;
iv) recycling;
v)
composting;
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- by road
- by rail
- by sea/canal
Provision of
intermediate
treatment at
storage facility:
- compaction
- baling
- pulverisation
- materials
reclamation
Separate collection
of mixed dry
recyclables
Method
Variable charging
by volume of waste
collected
Things to Consider
Needs bagged or standard sized
bin collection.
Incentive Schemes
2)
Method
Conventional
waste collection
with direct delivery
to final destination
Conventional
waste collection
with intermediate
transfer and bulk
haulage
Separate collection
of green waste
Things to Consider
Continuing use of existing vehicle
fleet and collection regime.
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Reclamation by
private collection or
return systems
for commercial
wastes
3)
Dirty MRF
Things to Consider
Furniture, clothes, books, etc.
Generally low impact and small
scale but income generation for
charities and local economy.
Refurbishment
centres for white
goods and furniture
5)
4)
Method
Clean MRF
(Materials
Reclamation
Facility)
Things to Consider
Mixed or part sorted dry
recyclables are sorted for onward
transport to reprocessing facilities.
Consider location of reprocessing
and consequent transport
requirements. Choice of
technology and size of MRF will be
very dependent upon the
collection and segregation
systems employed for the waste
management option. Technology
choice will vary according to
numbers of material types being
handled and levels of prior sorting
and separation.
Plant can vary in size and
technical sophistication from hand
sorting to full mechanical
separation. Examples include the
use of several small facilities
handling only a few materials to
large plants where over 30
materials may be accepted and
sorted.
High levels of separation can be
achieved using latest
plant/technologies.
Method
Unwanted goods
sent to charity and
second hand
shops and sales
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Method
Simple open
windrow
composting
Things to Consider
Can be open or under simple roof.
Consider scale and number of
facilities, availability of suitable
sites not constrained by
neighbours and markets for
relatively low quality product.
Often used as pre-treatment prior
to landfill or as landfill cover.
Open cell
composting
In-vessel aerobic
composting
In-vessel anaerobic
composting
Worms
Home composting
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Community
composting
Consider scale.
6)
Method
Mass burn
incineration with
energy recovery
Things to Consider
Options include:
Batch incineration
with
energy recovery
Need to consider
recovery/recycling at front end;
pre-treatment and capital costs.
Gasification
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Method
Landfill
Things to Consider
Need to consider scale, type,
location and operator. Also
requirements for adoption of good
landfill practices - leachate
recovery, gas collection.
Landfill
engineering, cover
or restoration
Export
- fluidised bed;
- moving grate;
- cement kiln;
- co-combustion at coal fired
power station;
- co-combustion with sewage
sludge or other organic wastes;
- electricity only or combined heat
and power (CHP).
7)
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PME Reference
Appendix A
Ten Step BPEO Process
STEP 1 Define the objectives of the Waste Management Plan that influence
the selection of the preferred integrated waste management option.
STEP 2 Compile a list of all the relevant criteria against which the
performance of alternative waste management options should be assessed.
STEP 7 Combine the option performance with the relative significance of the
decision criteria to identify which option(s) perform best across the relevant
factors.
STEP 8 Examine how sensitive are the option scores to changes in the
assumptions made during each previous stage.
STEP 9 Select the option(s) which are most preferred on balance and refine
by mitigation of their poor points and further improvement where they do
well. Repeat the process from step 4.
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