Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Datuk Peter Mojuntin

CHEMISTRY FOLIO

AMMONIA

Name : Marie Tam

Class : 4 A
Year : 2013

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Contents
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Acknowledgement
Objectives
Introduction

Uses of Ammonia, NH3

Manufacture of Ammonia, NH3
Environmental problems caused by Ammonia, NH3
Summary
Conclusion
Sources
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I would like to thank my chemistry teacher Mr. Yeo Peck Cheng who has g
uide me throughout the process of finishing my chemistry folio.
Next, I would also like to say my gratitude to my family for giving me the suppo
rt I need during the time I was going on the process of finishing my chemistry f
olio.
Lastly, I would like to thank Nellasia Duin and Elsy Julian; my classmates whom
both has helped me a lot in the making of this folio

OBJECTIVES
To know the uses of ammonia
To know the properties of ammonia.
To understand the industrial process involved in the manufacture of ammonia.

INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES OF AMMONIA, NH3
It is gaseous in room temperature.
Colourless
Has a pungent smell
The density is lower than air.
Very soluble in water
Has low melting and boiling point.
Dissolve in water to form a weak alkali.
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
Turns red litmus paper blue.
Reacts with acid to form only salt and water in neutralization reaction
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4
Reacts with solution of metallic cations to produce precipitates
Fe2 + 2OH Fe (OH)2

USES OF AMMONIA, NH3

To make fertilisers
provide plants the nitrogen they need to grow
these fertilisers are ammonium salts obtained from the neutralization of ammonia
with different acids. Examples:
Ammonium phosphate
- reaction of ammonia with phosphoric acid produces ammonium phosphates
NH3(aq) + H3PO(aq) NH4H2PO4(aq)
2 NH3(aq) + H3PO(aq) (NH4)2HPO4(aq)
- good fertilisers because they provide two important nutrients,phosphorus and
nitrogen.
Ammonium nitrate
- ammonia is neutralised by nitric acid,ammonium nitrate is formed
NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq) NH4NO3(aq)
Ammonium sulphate
- ammonia is neutralised by sulphuric acid
2NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) (NH4)2SO4(aq)
Urea
- At a temperature of 200C and a high pressure of 200 atm, ammonia reacts with ca
rbon dioxide to produce urea.
2NH3(g) + CO2(g) CO(NH2)2(s) + H2O(l)
used as a raw material for the manufacture of nitric acid in the Ostwad process.
Liquid ammonia used as cooling agent
used as an alkali to prevent the coagulation of latex
Ammonia salts is used as smelling salts to revive people who have fainted

MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA

The ratio of one volume of nitrogen gas, N2 to three volumes of hydrogen gas, H2
is pass through the reactor.

The mixture is compressed to a high pressure of 200 atmosphere at a temperature

of 450c.
The mixture is then passed through layers of iron catalyst to speed up the rate
of reaction
Ammonia, NH3 formed is then liquefied and separated to get a better yield.
The production of ammonia, NH3 gives out heat.
N2 (g) + 3H2(g) ? 2NH3(g)

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS CAUSED BY AMMONIA, NH3

PROBLEM :
The main local problem of ammonia released into air is the unpleasant odour, whi
ch is detectable even at low concentrations. At particularly high concentrations
it can also harm vegetation.
EFFECT :
When ingaseousform, ammonia has a short atmospheric lifetime of about 24 hours and
usually deposits near its source (the majority of gaseous ammonia is depositied
within 700 -1000 m of feedlot parimeters. Inparticulate form ammonia can travel
much further impacting a larger area. Both gaseous and particulate ammonia contr
ibute to eutrophicationof surface waters,soil acidification,fertilization of vegeta
tion,changes in ecosystems,andsmog and decreased visibilityin cities and pristine ar
eas.
SOLUTION :
Lower the usage of ammonia in fertilisers.

SUMMARY
Ammonia, NH3 is a very important raw material with many industrial usages. It is
a colourless gas at room temperature with a pungent smell.
Ammonia is used in several ways in industries. These include their usage in prod
uction of fertilisers such as ammonium salts and urea, production of nitric acid
and electrolytes in dry cells
The process of ammonia in the industries is called the Haber process. The raw ma
terials for the Haber process are hydrogen and nitrogen gas which combine to for
m ammonia.

CONCLUSION
Ammonia is a chemical compound that consists of onenitrogenatom and threehydrogen a
toms tightly bonded, which gives it the chemical symbol NH3. It can take the for
m of a strong-smelling liquid or gas. Many consumer and commercial products cont
ain this alkaline substance, including many products that are used to clean grim
e or fertilize crops. This chemical is hazardous, and even in low concentrations
, inhaling it or getting the solution on the skin can cause burning, fainting or
possible death. Caution should always be used when one is handling this chemica
l.

SOURCES
Low Swee Neo, Lim Yean Ching,Eng Nguan Hong,Lim Eng Wah, Umi Kalthom bintiAhmad, 2
005, Chemistry Form 4 Textbook, Abadi Ilmu Sdn. Bhd.
Wikipedia Http://www.wikipedia.com
Eng Nguan Hong, Lim Eng Wah, Lim Yean Ching, 2013, Focus 4U Chemistry SPM, Pener
bit Pelangi Sdn. Bhd