PE 3413: SP 2012

Exam 2

Name:_____________________________

March 29, 2012

(6 8 pm: A235)

Section No. _____________

ID#:______________________________

INSTRUCTIONS:
THERE ARE10 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS, EACH WORTH 2 POINTS. THE TOTAL WORTH OF MULTIPLE
CHOICE QUESTIONS IS 20 POINTS.
THERE ARE 2 SHORT ANSWER QUESTION WITH TOTAL WORTH OF 15 POINTS.
THERE ARE 2SET OF COMPUTATION QUESTIONS WITH SEVERAL PARTS TO THEM WITH TOTAL
COMPUTATIONS WORTH 65 POINTS.
THERE IS 1 BONUS QUESTION WORTH EXTRA 8 POINTS.
FOR ANY QUESTION THAT REQUIRES A CALCULATION, WRITE OUT THE CALCULATION ON THE EXAM IN
THE SPACE PROVIDED. IF YOU REQUIRE MORE SPACE, USE THE BACK OF THE SHEET THAT HAS THE
QUESTION, AND NOTE BELOW THE QUESTION WHERE YOUR WORK CONTINUES.

When you have finished your exam, read and sign the statement below, then turn in
the examination booklet.
I pledge that I have neither given nor received aid in completing this exam. I have
followed the strictures of the University of Oklahoma Code of Honor during today's
test period.

Date:__________Signature:___________________________________

PE3413: SP2012

EXAM 2

Name: ----------------------------

Multiple Choice (2 points each Total of 20 points)

1. Which of the following will increase productivity index of a reservoir:
a. Decreasing tubing diameter
b. Reducing bottom-hole flowing pressure
c. Decreasing the surface pressure
d. None of the above
2. Which of the following parameters has the largest impact on pressure drop inside a tubing
for a high producing gas reservoir:
a. Flow rate
b. Depth of formation
c. Temperature
d. All of the above have similar impacts
3. In analyzing performance of a production system to determine if the resistance to flow is
in the wellbore or reservoir, the node used for the pressure balance is:
a. Surface tubing flowing pressure
b. Bottomhole flowing pressure
c. Reservoir pressure
d. None of the above
4. A horizontal oil reservoir is producing with little gas production. As the reservoir
pressure declines, more gas is flowing freely along with the oil. Which of the following
flow patterns whould you expect to see starting from high reservoir pressure to low
reservoir pressure:
a. Annular, Slug, Bubble
b. Slug, Wavy, Stratified
c. Stratified, Bubble, Dispersed
d. Stratified, Wavy, Annular
5. Pump lift works mainly through:
a. Lowering bottom-hole pressure
b. Increasing bottom-hole pressure
c. Lowering surface pressure
d. Increasing surface pressure
6. Which artificial lift system would you normally consider first for a 15,000 feet vertical
well deviated 25 degrees that produces light oil at 10,000 bpd total liquid with GLR of
1200 SCF/STB:
a. Sucker rod pump
b. Gas lift
c. Electric submersible pump (ESP)
d. Progressing cavity pump

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PE3413: SP2012

EXAM 2

Name: ----------------------------

7. What happens to optimum GLR as liquid production rate increases:

a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Stays the same
d. It depends on the fluid properties
800 bbl/d

1000 bbl/d

Pwf (psia)

1250 psia
950 psia

650 psia

q (bbl/d)
8. Based on above diagram, if the well is 5,000 ft and the fluid is being produced at a rate of
1000 bbl/d with the aid of an ESP pump placed at the depth of 5,000 ft, what is the
pressure gradient in the wellbore if the surface flowing pressure is 250 psia:
a. 0.10 psi/ft
b. 0.15 psi/ft
c. 0.20 psi/ft
d. 0.30 psi/ft
9. Which of the following scales is more likely to form due to high formation damage skin
near the wellbore:
a. Paraffins/wax
b. CaCO3
c. Gas hydrate
d. BaSO4
10. What is most likely to be formed in the surface facility at the early life of a reservoir:
a. Paraffins/wax
b. Gas hydrate
c. Asphaltene
d. BaSO4
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PE3413: SP2012

EXAM 2

Name: ----------------------------

Short Answer (Total of 15 points)

11. Sketch well deliverability plots for (one separate plot for each part):
a. a two-phase reservoir flow and two-phase tubing flow well in which the
production is limited primarily by the tubing flow (3 points).
b. a gas reservoir flow and gas tubing flow well in which the production is limited
primarily bythe reservoir inflow (3 points).
c. a two-phase reservoir flow and two-phase tubing flow well at two different times
with time 2 (t2) being one year later than time 1 (t1) for a pseudo-steady state flow
(3 points).

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PE3413: SP2012

EXAM 2

Name: ----------------------------

12. List three different changes that can cause flow assurance issues. For each change, list an
example of the possible scale and the most probable location of it (6 points).

Computation (Total of 65 points)

13. An oil reservoir at a depth of 4500 ft with drainage radius of 1490 ft, both vertical and
horizontal permeability of 80 md, thickness of 100 ft, temperature of 200 oF, and constant
reservoir pressure of 3800 psi is producing an oil with average viscosity of 1.6 cp,
average density of 56 lb/ft3, formation volume factor of 1.1, bubble point pressure of 600
psi, and natural GLR of 5 SCF/STB. The relative permeability of oil is 0.65 with the
associated gas relative permeability of 0.10, and water relative permeability of 0.05. The
reservoir was damaged during drilling and completion, resulting in formation damage
skin of 5 with damage extending 10 inches into the formation from the wellbore wall and
permeability in the damage zone being 18% of reservoir permeability.
The fluid is being producing through a perforated zone with perforation skin of 2 and
perforation length of 6 inches. While the wellbore radius is 0.42 ft, the fluid is being
produced through a tubing with diameter of 4.5 inches and 0.0006 relative roughness.
The wellbore and tubing are both completely vertical. The surface temperature is 80 oF
with oil viscosity, oil density, and oil formation volume factor being the same as the
reservoir values. The well is producing 1200 STB/d without any artificial lift system.
a. Determine the surface tubing flowing pressure (ptf) for this well (15 points).
b. If the producer would like to produce 2000 bbl/d with surface tubing flowing
pressure of 100 psi through use of gas lift, determine the gas injection rate if the
gas injection occurs at the reservoir depth of 4500 ft. The pressure gradient curves
for this system at the same surface tubing pressure of 100 psi is shown in Figure 1
below (8 points).
c. If the producer would like to produce 2000 bbl/d of oil with surface tubing
flowing pressure of 100 psi through gas lift, however the surface gas injection
pressure is limited to maximum value of 500 psi with pressure drop across the
valve of 45 psi, determine the gas injection rate to produce the oil at a rate of 2000
bbl/d. The gas lift gradient curves for this system at the same surface tubing
pressure of 100 psi is shown in Figure 1 below (12 points).
d. If the producer decides to produce at 2000 bbl/d with the surface tubing flowing
pressure of 100 psi using an ESP pump, determine the required horsepower (hp) if
the pump is installed at the depth of 2500 ft (you can use Figure 1 is needed) (8
points).
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PE3413: SP2012

EXAM 2

Name: ----------------------------

If you use the graph below, make sure you show your markings on it.

Figure 1: Pressure gradient curves for Question 13

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PE3413: SP2012

EXAM 2

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PE3413: SP2012

EXAM 2

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PE3413: SP2012

EXAM 2

Name: ----------------------------

14. A gas reservoir located a t a depth of 6000 ft has a drainage radius of 740 ft, horizontal
permeability of 20 md and vertical permeability of 2 md with relative gas permeability of
1.0 , thickness of 50 ft, temperature of 280 oF, and average reservoir pressure of 4250 psi.
The gas being produced has a viscosity of 0.025 cp, compressibility factor of 0.95, and
specific gravity of 0.65 at average reservoir condition. The well is vertical and completed
open hole with wellbore radius of 0.328 ft. There is no formation damage with no
completion skin. The gas is being produced through a tubing of 2.25 inches diameter with
constant fanning friction factor (ff) of 0.0175. It can be assumed that there is no
turbulance and darcy flow applies. The surface temperature and pressure is 150 oF and
300 psi. Gas properties at average flowing temperature and pressure can be assumed to
be 0.018 cp, compressibility factor of 0.92, and specific gravity of 0.65.
a. Determine the production rate of this well (14 points).
b. If water starts to be produced into the wellbore such that there is slip velocity of
60 ft/min with water holdup of 0.65, determine the flow regime at the surface
facility under standard condition of temperature and pressure assuming the
production of gas is (1/1000) of the value obtained in part (a) (8 points).

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PE3413: SP2012

EXAM 2

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Name: ----------------------------

PE3413: SP2012

EXAM 2

Name: ----------------------------

Bonus (Total of 8 points)

A vertical well in a reservoir with properties shown below is naturally producing 1000 STB/d of
oil with a bottomhole flowing pressure of 4000 psia and a flowing tubing pressure of 100 psia.
The drainage radius is 749 ft. and the well can be assumed to be operating at steady-state with
the pressure at the drainage boundary equal to the initial pressure of 5500 psia. The depth to the
productive zone is 8000 ft. For gas lift design, the operating valve is assumed to be at the total
depth of 8000 ft. (i.e., H = Hinj = 8000 ft.). An analysis of the two-phase flow conditions in the
tubing for this well has shown that the average pressure gradient in the tubing is decreased by
0.05 psi/ft. for every 100 scf/bbl of gas that is added to the natural flow, up to a total GLR of
1000 scf/bbl. For gas lift operation, the flowing tubing pressure is to be maintained at 100 psia.
The injection gas has a gravity of 0.7, the average compressibility factor for the gas in the
annulus is 0.9, and the average temperature is 140 F. What is the gas injection rate needed to
double production?
rw = 0.328 ft
kH = 82 md
B = 1.2

GLR = 150 SCF/STB

kV = 9 md
= 1.5 cp

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pb = 1500 psi
h = 50 ft