Acknowledgement

Cagayan State University
College of Engineering
CARIG CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY, CAGAYAN
(078) 3049432
ASSESSMENT OF THE
AGANI SMALL WATER IMPOUNDING
PROJECT (SWIP)
AGANI, ALCALA, CAGAYAN
PROVINCE OF CAGAYAN
ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP
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PROPONENTS:
ABALOS, DIANA R.
ANTOLIN, DAVE MICHAEL C.
BINOYA, JENERWIN C.
ESTILLER, RALPH ANGELO B.
GALAPON, MARK ALVIN BON C.
GALLARDO, RENATO JR. T.
PADUA, GERMA N.
PEDRO, KEVIN B.
PONCE, GRETCHELLE Y.
TALOSIG, JOWELL JOHN B.
TAMARAY, RYAN J.
TATTO, JAY-AR B.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
DEDICATION
DEFINITION OF TERMS
INTRODUCTION
10
METHODOLOGY
11
PROJECT OVERVIEW
12
DISCUSSION
17
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT
20
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
21
CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
22
DOCUMENTATION
23
APPENDIX A
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APPENDIX B
FOREWORD
This study focuses on the Economic, Social, and Technical assessment of the existing Small
Water Impounding Project (SWIP) located at Agani, Alcala Cagayan.
Identified beneficiaries as well as other non-beneficiaries of the project from the adjacent
communities were interviewed in order to identify the problems and other issues encountered
after the construction of the said project as well as its economic and social impacts on the
community.
The team also consulted several resource persons from the Department of Agriculture
(Engineering office) as well as on the Municipals Engineers Office of Alcala in order to
gather necessary technical data.
The method of research used in evaluation was simple approach which comprised of in-depth
interviews, document analysis; focus group discussions, and sampling. After conducting the
evaluation and analysis, the researchers found out that the said project was socially,
environmentally, and economically acceptable.
At the end of the study, the researchers concluded that the SWIP was acceptable & feasible
when it comes to the different design aspects asserted only that the said project was not given
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due importance by the beneficiaries. Thus, the following suggestions were highly noted: it
needs an enabling environment in terms of a unified water-related regulations; coordination
and cooperation among the farmers and the Local Government Units (LGU) to preserve the
watershed area; a proper public orientation on the importance of the project must be
conducted; and allocation of additional funds for the continuation of construction of canals to
support all the divisions.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincere appreciation to those people who help us in the
completion of this research.
To Engr. Puliente T. Antolin, the municipal engineer of the municipality of Alcala, who help
us in the procurement of different information and other relevant documents.
To Sonny A. Pavo, the barangay captain of Agani Alcala, together with the very hospitable
councillors of the barangay for their patience and active participation during the research &
data gathering.
To the Irrigation Chairman together with the Division Box Leaders of the Agani farmers
association, for their support during the data gathering and site visit.
To our family and friends, thank you so much for your unending support and trust.
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DEDICATION
To our family and friends, professors in the College of Engineering, and to the residents of
Agani, Alcala Cagayan, this research output is dedicated.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS:
ABUTMENT - that part of the valley side against which the dam is constructed. The wall
between a spillway or gate structure and the embankment can also be referred to as an
abutment.
AUXILIARY SPILLWAY (EMERGENCY SPILLWAY) - Is an open channel that is
constructed over or around a dam embankment for the purpose of conveying safely past the
dam, the flows that are greater than the primary spillway design discharge and detention
storage.
AXIS OF DAM - The imaginary line down the center of the dam from end to end.
BOULDER - is a rock with grain size of usually no less than 30 centimetres (1 ft) diameter
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BREACH - An opening or a breakthrough of a dam sometimes caused by rapid erosion of a

section of earth embankment by water. Dams can also be breached intentionally to make
them incapable of holding water.
CREST LENGTH - The measured length of the top of the dam from abutment to abutment.
CREST OF DAM - see Top of Dam
CONDUIT - A closed channel or pipe to convey the discharge of water through, around or
under a dam.
CORE (IMPERVIOUS CORE/IMPERVIOUS ZONE) - A zone of material of low
permeability inan embankment dam.
CUTOFF TRENCH An excavation under a dam to be later filled with impervious material
to prevent or reduce seepage of water from passing through the foundation of a dam.
CHUTE - also known as a race, flume, cat, or river canyon, is a steep-sided passage through
which water flows rapidly.
CROPPING- cultivated plants or agricultural produce, such as grain, vegetables, or fruit,
considered as a group
DRAINAGE AREA - The area that drains naturally to a particular point on a river or stream.
DREDGING - is the removal of sediments and debris from the bottom of lakes, rivers,
harbours, and other water bodies. It is a routine necessity in waterways around the world
because sedimentationthe natural process of sand and silt washing downstreamgradually
fills channels and harbours.
EARTHEN DAM - a dam built of soil materials (sand, loam, clay, and so on), with a
trapezoidal or nearly trapezoidal cross-section.
EMBANKMENT - a bank, mound, dike, or the like, raised to hold back water, carry a
roadway, etc.
EMBANKMENT DAM (EARTH DAM / EARTHFILL DAM) - Any dam constructed of
excavated natural materials and which has sloping sides.
ENERGY DISSIPATOR - Any device constructed in a waterway to reduce or dissipate the
energy of fast-flowing water.
FOUNDATION OF DAM - The material on which the dam structure is placed.
FREEBOARD - The vertical distance between the maximum water surface elevation during
the design storm and the top of a dam.
GATE VALVE - also known as a sluice valve, is a valve that opens by lifting a round or
rectangular gate/wedge out of the path of the fluid.
HEIGHT OF DAM - The height of a dam or barrier that extends across the natural bed of a
stream or water course shall be the vertical distance measured from the bed of the stream or
water course at the downstream toe of the dam or barrier to the lowest elevation on the top of
the dam or barrier, excluding any open channel spillway and any anomalous low points.
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(b) The height of a dam or barrier that does not extend across the natural bed of a stream or
water course shall be the vertical distance measured from the lowest elevation of the outside
limit of the dam or barrier to the lowest elevation on the top of the dam or barrier, excluding
any open channel spillway and any anomalous low points.
(c) When determining the height of a proposed dam, the height shall be measured from the
lowest elevation on the downstream toe of the dam to the planned top of the dam excluding
any allowance for settlement.
INTAKE - Any structure in a dam through which water can be drawn into the primary or
auxiliary spillway.
OUTLET - An opening in which water can be freely discharged for a particular purpose
from a reservoir.
PIPING - The action of water passing through or under an embankment dam and carrying
with it to the surface at the downstream face some of the finer material. The progressive
removal of soil particles from a mass by percolating water leads to the development of
channels.
PRIMARY SPILLWAY - The outlet device through a dam that provides the initial outlet for
storm flows, usually consisting of either: (1) a riser structure in combination with an outlet
conduit, or (2) a canopy or hooded inlet structures in combination with an outlet conduit.
REFORESTATION - the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands
that have been depleted, usually through deforestation
SEEPAGE - The movement of water that may take place through the dam, its foundations, or
its abutments.
SLIDE - The movement of a mass of earth fill down a slope. In embankments and abutments,
this involves the separation of a portion of the slope from the surrounding material.
SPILLWAY - A structure which flows are discharged over, through or around the dam. If the
flow is controlled by gates, it is considered a controlled spillway; if the elevation of the
spillway crest is the only control, it is considered an uncontrolled spillway.
SERVICE SPILLWAY - An open channel spillway constructed over or around a dam
embankment to convey past the dam all flows entering the reservoir which cannot be stored
in a reservoir behind a dam that does not have a primary spillway. A service spillway is
generally designed to serve the functions of both a primary and auxiliary spillway.
STORAGE - The retention of water or delay in runoff by storage in a reservoir, or by
temporarily filling the overflow areas, as in the progression of a flood crest through a natural
stream channel.
TAILWATER LEVEL - The level of water in the discharge channel immediately
downstream of the dam.
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TOE OF DAM - The point of intersection between the bottom of a slope or the upstream or
downstream face of a dam and the natural ground.
TOP OF DAM - The elevation of the uppermost surface of a dam, excluding parapet wall,
railings, etc.
TRASH RACK - a protective device installed on a primary spillway inlet to prevent trash
and other debris from obstructing the primary spillway but not obstructing the flow of water.
VALVE - A device used to control the flow in a conduit, pipe or tunnel that permanently
obstructs a portion of the waterway. As distinguished from gates, valves are constructed so
that the closing member remains in the water passageway for all operating positions.
ABBREVIATIONS:
SWIP Small Water Impounding Project
MWS Maximum Water Surface
ISF Irrigation Service Fee
LGU Local Government Unit
ADB Asian Development Bank
DA Department of Agriculture
DAR Department of Agrarian Reform
NWRB National Water Regulatory Board
DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways
AFMA Agriculture and Fishery Modernization Act
BSWM Bureau of Soils and Water Management
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INTRODUCTION
Water is one of the most vital natural resources for all life on Earth. The availability and
quality of water have always played an important role in the preservation of a unique
ecosystem. Even though there always has been plenty of water on Earth, water has not always
been available when and where it is needed, nor is it always of suitable quality for all uses.
Water can be considered as a finite resource that has limits and boundaries to its availability
and suitability for use.
In agriculture, water is an essential factor in attaining productivity and quality outputs. It is
also essential to bring forth the potential of the land and to enable improved varieties of both
plants and animals to make full use of other yield-enhancing production factors. By raising
productivity, sustainable water management (especially when combined with adequate soil
husbandry) helps to ensure better production both for direct consumption and for commercial
disposal, so enhancing the generation of necessary economic surpluses for uplifting rural
economies.
In connection to that, the construction of Small Water Impounding Project (SWIP) is one of
the most feasible options in order to ensure water availability in rural areas where scarcity of
supply is evident. SWIP is a structure constructed across a narrow depression or valley to
hold back water and develop a reservoir that will store rainfall and run-off during the rainy
season for immediate or future use.
Thus, this study focuses on the evaluation of the existing SWIP located at Agani Alcala,
Cagayan with a catchment area of 100 hectares, catering seventy-three (73) hectares of
agricultural field which is further divided into seven (7) division boxes. It aims to meet the
following objectives:
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1. To evaluate the current status of the Agani Small Water Impounding Project (SWIP).
2. To determine the impact of the Agani SWIP at the community in terms of Social,
Environmental, Socio-economical, and Economic aspects.
3. Comparison between the situation before and after the SWIP was implemented.
METHODOLOGY
This study adopts a simple method of research, wherein it made use of the three basic
components of research methods; in-depth key informant interviews, review of public
documents and focus group discussions.
RESEARCH METHODS
In-depth Interviews
- The group conducted series of interviews with the farmer-beneficiaries from
different rural areas in the province. The in-depth key informant interviews were
used because this method is very appropriate in obtaining primary information
from a limited set of samples (I.G. Lopez, 2013, p.9).
Document Analysis
- Printed public documents related to water impounding and flood control systems
were used in order to obtain advanced information to verify/ corroborate data from
the interviews and vice versa.
Focus Group Discussions

- After tabulating the data gathered on the long-run interviews, series of group
discussions are then conducted by the group wherein every datum is carefully
weighed and examined in order to come up with concepts and verify the findings
and conclusions.
SAMPLING
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In terms of selecting research participants, a set of respondents were then identified,

the researcher/s provided room for flexibility to include new respondents and take
advantage of new needs, information and opportunities as the data collection
progresses.
PROJECT OVERVIEW
Small Water Impounding Project (SWIP)
Is a structure constructed across a narrow depression or valley to hold back water and
develop a reservoir that will store rainfall and run-off during the rainy season for immediate
or future use. The Small Water Impounding Management Committee (SWIM) once headed
by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) classified small water
impounding projects as earthen dams with structural heights of not more than 30 meters and a
volume storage not exceeding 50 million cubic meters. In line with the provision of the
Agriculture and Fishery Modernization Act of 1997 (AFMA), the Bureau of Soils and Water
Management (BSWM) shall be responsible for the delivery of technical assistance in relation
to dams 15 meters or lower. (DA-BSWM, SWIP pp.2)
PURPOSE OF SWIP
SWIP is more than providing irrigation to marginal upland areas. The Project facilitates
multiple uses of stored water in terms of the following benefits:
Provides water for supplemental irrigation, domestic purposes and livestock production in
critical, less accessible upland areas and isolated, vulnerable resource-poor communities;
Enhances upland productivity with strong sense of responsibility among farmers while
ensuring environmental sustainability;
Facilitates inland fish production through the culture of freshwater fish, shrimps, eels and
other native freshwater species;
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Contributes in combating local malnutrition problems and helps in alleviating poverty in the
uplands;
Serves as strategic small-scale upland structure of flood prevention and control in high
rainfall areas to ensure whole-year round agricultural production, and for soil and water
conservation in areas with distinct wet and dry seasons to increase cropping intensity and
enhance crop diversification;
Enhances and facilitates recharging of groundwater and spring sources for domestic and
other uses;
Provides other environmental impacts such as maintaining important habitat for wildlife and
biodiversity, thus, augmenting government efforts in protecting our environment; and
Provides recreational facilities as swimming and picnic grounds for local rural communities.
THE AGANI SWIP

A. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
The Agani SWIP is a project funded by the Asian Development Bank (through ADB Loan)
and was implemented by the Department of Agrarian Reform and the Local Government
Unit of Alcala Cagayan. The Total cost of the project is 9,921,407.82 Php. The project
construction started on December 21, 2001 and was completed on May 30, 2002.
The project is a Small Water Impounding Project consisting of two major components to
complete an irrigation system namely the dam and canal. It is noteworthy to mention that
this project is the 5th SWIP project of the municipality. The dam is constructed principally of
homogenous materials that are just within the vicinity of the construction site, cutting such
considerable cost as compared to a concrete dam. The watershed area is about 100 hectares
and the Agani creek which is the main water source has never dried up ever since.
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The storage capacity of the reservoir is about 800,000 m3. The spillway width is 10 m. and
is being considered as the safety valve of the dam. The outlet structure is equipped with
0.30 m. diameter B.I. pipe, a trash rack on the intake to screen of debris and a gate valve
installed at the outlet to regulate water flow.
The canal system has several structures. Division boxes are provided at strategic locations
to distribute irrigation water to laterals. Siphon which was originally planned for creek
crossing was change to a concrete partial flume. Actual condition reveals that sediment
formation will not be avoided on siphon. A stretch of about 1.55 km. Irrigation canals have
been completed catering the 73 hectares serviceable area of the project.
LOCATION MAP
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B. DESIGN
The Engineering Design Studies was conducted by the LGU with the help of Department of
Agriculture Regional Field Office 02, Tuguegarao City.
Points considered in the design:
1. AGRO- HYDRAULIC STUDIES
1.1 Development of Flood Hydrograph
1.2 Project Data
a. Drainage Area
b. Mainstream length from outlet to highest ridge
c. Mainstream length from outlet to point nearest basin centroid
d. Total fall( elevation difference) from highest ridge to outlet
e. Watershed gradient
f. Soil type of water shed
1.1.2. Computation of basin lag time
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1.1.3. Determining of precipitation depth for a return of 25 years using the rainfall intensity
duration frequency curve.
1.1.4. Hydraulic abstraction and unit hydrograph
1.2. Field Water Balance Computation
1.3. Estimation of reservoir Inflow
2 Technical Design Studies
2.1.1
Determined on the basis of the following vertical requirement in the reservoir

a. Dead storage space
b. Active storage space
c. Free board
d. Settlement
2.1.2 Dam crest computed on the basis of:
a. Minimum width- 4m
b. W= H (5/3) = 5 m
2.1.3 Embankment Slopes
Upstream = 2.75:1
Downstream = 2.5 :1
2.2 Spillway
Generally by using the Mannings Formula on Hydraulics, all the features of the spillway were
completed.
2.3 Outlet Works
In the selection, we must choose a discharge head combination. The most critical combination
would be a large discharge under low head. This combination was obtained from the results of
reservoir operation studies. The discharge Q= 0.137cms.was used for sizing the discharge pipe.
2.4 Irrigation works

a. Side slope 1.2:1 for earth canal
b. Permissible velocity of canal is 0.3 m/s
c. Sizing of irrigation canal was determined by using Mannings Formula.
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DISCUSSION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study intends to find out the current status of the existing SWIP located at Agani Alcala,
Cagayan in Economic, Social, Environmental, and Technical aspects through assessment.
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Thus, the study attempts to answer the following questions:

1. Is the existing SWIP economically acceptable from the time it was constructed up to the
present?
2. Is the existing SWIP socially acceptable to the affected citizens within the area of
serviceability?
3. Is the existing SWIP complying with the standards of Environmental Assessments?
RESULTS OF SWIP IMPLEMENTATION
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
1. Before, there was no irrigation fee among farmers. After the construction of the SWIP,
irrigation fee was introduced to the consumers. They are paying now 230 kilograms of fresh
harvested rice grains or approximately equal to 3,000 pesos.
2. Before, the only source of income was agricultural farming but after the construction of the
project, aquatic farming was one of the sources of income of the farmers in the area.
3. Additional job opportunity is also an effect of the project. Because, after the construction of
the project, there exist the Agani Farmers Cooperative.
ENVIRONMENTAL
1. Flood management was one of the best effects of the SWIP. According to the peoples on the
area, before, if there is a heavy rain, direct run-off is experienced by houses on low lying
areas. And now that the project is completed, flood was reduced and it follows that damage
cost was reduced also.
2. Tree planting was promoted after the implementation of the project.
3. After the implementation of the project, habitat for animals was increased.
4. Ground water recharge was exercised. Before the main source of the water for farming are
deep wells. Due to the presence of the project, installation of pumped wells was limited.
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SOCIAL
1. The formation of Farmers Cooperative promotes cooperation and coordination among
farmers.
2. Additional knowledge for the consumers. The cooperative was conducting seminars
regarding modern farming and practices.
3. Farmers are oriented on the importance of water preservation.
4. Additional livelihood to the citizens of Agani due to free allocation of tilapia fingerlings
from different government agencies and private agencies.
5. Promotes social equality among the citizens of the area.
ECONOMICAL
1. Profit was increased due to the presence of the Agani SWIP. The usual one cropping per year
was changed to two cropping even three cropping per year.
2. Promotes monetary savings for the families with in the area due to the free harvest of tilapia
and clams.
TECHNICAL ASPECTS
CHANGES OF THE PROJECT AFTER 15 YEARS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The volume that the dam can accumulate decreased due to increase of sediments.
Earth canals are being filled with earth materials due to the erosion of the soil.
Some of the canals were destroyed due to bad practice of some of the farmers.
Some parts of the spillway were destroyed
Due to excessive use of pesticides, the quality of the soil surrounding the project becomes
porous which leads to soil erosion causing sedimentation in SWIP.

6. The design slope on the embankment changes due to soil erosion and because of animals that
was sheltering there.
7. Growth of grasses along the embankment of the project.
8. Some parts of the valve box were destroyed and are not functioning well anymore.
9. Due to exposure to water, steel structures such as gate valves, measuring device and pipes
have rusted.
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1. PROBLEMS OBSERVED
2. Devastation of planted rice plants on areas near the spillways disposal area.
3. Disputes on water distribution management system.
4. Undisciplined behaviour of some farmers from damaging the earth canal structures just to
convey water to their farm.
5. Lack of funds for the completion of the project, which further resulted to water supply
shortfall on division 7.
6. Disobedience of some in the community particularly those who shepherds their carabaos in
the bank storage, which is actually against the policies and rules governing the project.
7. Scouring on the spillway, at the part with the lowest elevation, and damage on the spillway
itself.
8. Sedimentation on the storage.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT
Basing on the results of our survey conducted within the area of concern, there is a positive social
response with respect to the provision of the Agani SWIP. There is an evident boost on rice
production and a significant development in Agricultural Industry of the community as a whole.
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The farmer association formed prior to the formal opening of the completed project was been
able to create their own cooperative, the Agani Farmers Cooperative, where-in all beneficiaries
are required to be a member.
The Agani Farmers Cooperative collects the fees and other dues from the farmer-beneficiaries
and is responsible for the maintenance of the project. The cooperative has been able to offer its
members the privilege to enjoy loans such as emergency & character loan and provide assistance
for its members during planting seasons.
The Department of Agriculture, through the cooperative, donates thousands of fingerlings which
is then released and cultured at the main reservoir for human consumption.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
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After the conduct of the actual site visit, it has been observed that the project as expected was
considered as a potential venue for environmental sustainability. The proponents believe that the
project does not pose a danger to the environment but rather helps in the preservation of the area. In
fact, the officials are encouraging the residents to plant fruit bearing trees on the watershed to prevent
soil erosion and preserve the area. Local Government Unit of the Municipality of Alcala shows its
support to the preservation of the site by means of drafting rules and ordinances pursuant to the
principles of environmental sustainability. Environmental Compliance Certificate from the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources has been secured before the implementation of
the project.
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The study discussed the evaluation of the SWIP from the time of completion up to the current
operation. In connection to this, the project assessment is successful only that the said project was
not given due importance.
Water management should be examined in the general framework of sustainable development goal
that address environmental challenges (e.g. land degradation, bio-diversity decline), attainment of
economic targets, and provision of social needs.
Nevertheless, the project had some gaps with regards to the distribution. The following are the
recommendations to be considered.
1. It needs an enabling environment in terms of a unified water-related policies, institutional

arrangements, and financing mechanisms to address the threat of the present and future water
insecurity.
2. Coordination
and cooperation among the farmers and the Local Government Units to
preserve the watershed area.
3. Proper orientation and dissemination of the importance of the project must be conducted.
4. Allocation of additional funds for the continuation of the construction of canals to support all
the divisions.
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DOCUMENTATION
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AGANI SWIP
FISH CAGES
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SITUATION OF RICE FIELDS DURING DRY SEASON IN DIVISION-7.
DRILLING ACTIVITIES IN DIVISION-7 (ARTESIAN WELL)
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ONE OF THE SWIP OUTLETS.
DISSIPATOR OF THE SWIP GOING TO THE DIFFERENT DIVISIONS.
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DAMAGED SPILLWAY.
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INTERVIEW WITH A MEMBER OF THE COOPERATIVE WITHIN THE AREA-7 WHERE

WATER DISTRIBUTION IS INADEQUATE.
INTERVIEW WITH ENGR. PULIENTE T. ANTOLIN, THE MUNICIPAL ENGINEER OF

ALCALA CAGAYAN
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INTERVIEW WITH THE DIVISION 1 BOX LEADER, MR. ERNESTO MEDRANO
THE RESEARCHERS
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REFERENCES
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/17.9254762,121.6829869/%60/@17.9167784,121.6659774,6420
m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!4m1!3e0
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/17.9254762,121.6829869/17.9071618,121.6705115/@17.9189947
,121.6786999,3722m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!4m1!3e0
Water Resource Engineering by S.K. Duggal
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APPENDIX A:
ENGINEERING DESIGN STUDY
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APPENDIX B:
PLANS
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Cagayan State University

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

Cagayan State University

Cagayan State University

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

BREACH - An opening or a breakthrough of a dam sometimes caused by rapid erosion of a

Cagayan State University

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

Cagayan State University

Focus Group Discussions

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

In terms of selecting research participants, a set of respondents were then identified,

Cagayan State University

THE AGANI SWIP

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

Determined on the basis of the following vertical requirement in the reservoir

2.4 Irrigation works

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

Thus, the study attempts to answer the following questions:

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

porous which leads to soil erosion causing sedimentation in SWIP.

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. It needs an enabling environment in terms of a unified water-related policies, institutional

preserve the watershed area.

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGANI SWIP

Cagayan State University

SITUATION OF RICE FIELDS DURING DRY SEASON IN DIVISION-7.

DRILLING ACTIVITIES IN DIVISION-7 (ARTESIAN WELL)