Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
WEEK 5 & 6
Chapter 7: Greenberg & Baron (2000);
Chapter 9: Robbins & Judge (2007)
Defining groups
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Defining groups
Focuses on the nature of groups:
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Defining groups
Key characteristics:
u Social interaction
Stability
Possess a stable structure that will keep members
functioning as a unit. Individuals that constantly
changes is not considered a group. E.g. student
organizations
Defining groups
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Recognition as a group
Types of Groups
GROUPS
FORMAL
Command
INFORMAL
Task
Interest
Friendship
Types of Groups
Formal
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Types of Groups
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Continued..
Types of Groups
Informal
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Two Types:
Continued..
Types of Groups
Informal
2. Friendship groups are groups that are brought
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Second Phase
u Drop
work
Continued..
Group Properties
Composed of:
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Roles
Norms
Status
Size
Cohesiveness
Group Norms
Performance norms
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Continued..
Group Norms
Appearance norms
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Continued..
Group Norms
Social arrangement norms
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Group Norms
Resource allocation norms
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Continued..
Group Norms
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Continued..
Norms
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Norms
How norms develop
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Status
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Cohesiveness
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Asabiyah
Cohesiveness
Highly cohesive groups are:
1.
2.
3.
Continued..
Cohesiveness
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Individuals in Groups
Individual performance in groups:
Social Facilitation
Social Loafing
Social Facilitation
Social facilitation
Tendency for the presence of others to
enhance an individuals performance at
times and to impair it at others
Results from the heightened emotional arousal
(e.g. tension and excitement) of being in front
of others
Social Facilitation
The Drive Theory of Social Facilitation
The presence of others increases arousal,
I f
Social Facilitation
Well
Learned,
Correct
Presence of
others
Arousal
Improved
Performance
Enhanced tendency
to perform
dominant response
Not well
Learned,
Incorrect
Impaired
Performance
Social Facilitation
Evaluation Apprehension
The fear of being judged or evaluated by
another person.
For example, lower level employees may suffer
evaluation apprehension when they worry what
their supervisor will think about their work
Social Loafing
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Social Loafing
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Social Loafing
To reduce social loafing:
1.
2.
3.
4.
More
complete
informaIon
Increased
diversity
of
views
Higher
quality
of
decisions
(more
accuracy)
Increased
acceptance
of
soluIons
Weaknesses
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u
u
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Continued..
Group DM Techniques
Types:
u InteracIng
groups
u Nominal
group
technique
(NGT)
u Brainstorming
u Electronic
meeIng
u Other
techniques:
Delphi,
devils
advocate,
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