Geographical Marginality As A Global Issue-2010-Contents

INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL UNION
UNION GEOGRAPHIQUE INTERNATIONALE
Commission on Marginalization, Globalization

and Regional and Local Response C08.27
Geographical Marginality as a Global Issue

Papers presented during the Meetings of the Commission on
Marginalization, Globalization and Local and Regional Response,
2004 - 2007
in Five Volumes
Edited by
Walter Leimgruber, Etienne Nel, Yasutaka Matsuo, Tony Binns, Raghubir Chand,
Bradley Cullen, Don Lynch, Pushkar K. Pradhan


Geographical Marginality as a Global Issue

Marginalization, Globalization and Local and Regional Response,
2004 - 2007
in Five Volumes
Edited by
2010
Department of Geography
University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Published by:
The International Geographical Unions
Produced by:
University of Otago, Dunedin,
New Zealand
2010
ISBN 978-0-473-17042-4
Preface
A first CD-Rom, published in 2007, contained 74 papers delivered during the meetings of our
Commission from 2001-2004. This present CD-Rom is destined to reproduce the papers of the
two meetings in 2006 (Dunedin, New Zealand) and 2007 (Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan). In
addition, it contains a number of texts from previous meetings, papers that had not been
published on the first CD-Rom. To do justice to the authors, they are now included here. Being
a few years old, they may not reflect present-day reality, but they are still valuable contributions
to our cause.
Limited to the papers presented during two meetings, plus a few older contributions, this
collection is nevertheless as voluminous as the first, but contrary to its predecessor it has been
organized into five distinct volumes to make quotation easier. All papers have undergone a
review process by one or two external persons, and the authors have made corrections and
amendments as required. We want to thank those involved in this process for having offered
their time and energy. It has been a complex task and required quite some time to assemble all
the texts and edit them in a consistent way.
June 2010
Walter Leimgruber, Etienne Nel, Tony Binns, Raghubir Chand, Bradley Cullen, Yasutaka
Matsuo, Don Lynch, Pushkar K. Pradhan
i.
CONTENTS OF THE BOOKLET

Obituary: Larry Sommers
pg. 1
The Focus of the Commissions Research Activities
pg. 2
The Commissions Major Research Objectives
pg. 2
Volume 1 General, theoretical and methodological aspects
pg. 3
Volume 2 Development and environment
pg. 5
Volume 3 Societal issues
pg. 7
Volume 4 The rural world
pg. 9
Volume 5 Towns and cities, tourism and recreation
pg. 11
Details of the contents of each volume on the CD follow on subsequent pages.
ii.
Obituary: Larry Sommers

Our former member of the steering committee and long-time
participant in our meetings, Lawrence M. Sommers, died on
August 3, 2007 at the age of 88 years. Larry, as our
members knew him, was a pillar of our group and a driving
force in the theoretical and methodical debate on marginality
and marginal regions. Together with his colleagues Assefah
Mehretu and Bruce Pigozzi at Michigan State University,
East Lansing, he formed an excellent team that significantly
contributed to advances in our discussions.
Larry was one of the founders of our predecessor
organization, the Subcommission on Highlands and High
Latitude Regions. I knew him from 1983 onwards and was
always impressed by his gentle manner and competent
presentations. He took an active part in transforming the
Subcommission into first a Study Group (Washington IGC, 1992), and four years later (The
Hague IGC, 1996) into a Commission. He was an advocate of the wider thematic field in which
we are engaged. I remember his vital contributions toward various commission renewals
afterwards.
Even before his PhD degree (obtained from Northwestern University in 1950), he was
appointed first as an instructor at Michigan State University, in 1949. Afterwards he moved
through the ranks to Full Professor by 1955, becoming the first Chair of the new MSU
Department of Geography along the way. After 25 years as Chair he spent several years in the
Provosts office, worked on countless University committees, and accepted Emeritus status in
1989 after 40 years.
Larrys research evolved from the Norwegian fishing industry and related policies along an
exciting and meandering path to innovative explorations of human social and economic
marginality, at local through global scales, in his last decade. In this latter field, he produced
essential work on the theory of marginality and marginal regions, supported by his two
colleagues Assefah Mehretu and Bruce Pigozzi. We remember him as a gentle and very sociable
person with a good sense of humour.
Walter Leimgruber, Bruce Wm. Pigozzi
Photo of Lawrence (Larry) and Marjorie Summers courtesy Laurie Summers
1.
The Focus of the Commissions Research Activities

Marginality is a phenomenon not bound to any particular region or society of the world
nor to any specific scale. The Commission pursues the following research objectives:
1. To further the understanding of marginality and the processes of marginalization within the context of globalization, through the study and analysis of
factors that contribute to the dynamics and structures of spatial marginality at
various scales. Issues of technology, gender, social structure and the
environment need, increasingly to be utilised as lenses through which to
understand and analyse these concepts.
2. To analyse marginality as the result of human decisions, leading to the understanding of the role of various agents in those processes, and how they
respond to prevailing conditions,
3. To develop comparative approaches in order to identify various types of marginality and local and regional responses, to put them into perspective and to
assess their role in an increasingly globalized world. Emphasis in particular
needs to be placed on the experience of the South.
4. To study policy/institutional/community responses to economic and societal
problems in marginal regions in relation to local, regional and societal
development, and to study human responses to global change, including their
implications for marginalization.
The Commissions Major Research Objectives:

Marginality is a phenomenon not bound to any particular region or society of the world
nor to any specific scale. The Commssion will continue to pursue the following research
objectives:
1. To further the understanding of marginality and the processes of marginalization within the context of globalization, through the study and analysis of
factors that contribute to the dynamics and structures of spatial marginality at
various scales and differing spatial environments. Issues of technology,
gender, social structure and the environment need, increasingly to be utilised
as lenses through which to understand and analyse these concepts.
2. To analyse marginality as the result of human decisions, leading to the understanding of the role of various agents in those processes, and how they
respond to prevailing conditions.
3. To develop comparative approaches in order to identify various types of
marginality and local and regional responses to put them into perspective and
to assess their role in an increasingly globalized world. Emphasis in particular
needs to be placed on the experience of the South.
4. To study policy/institutional/community responses to economic and societal
problems in marginal regions in relation to local, regional and societal development, and to study human responses to global change, including their implications for marginalization.
2.

Geographical Marginality as a global issue

Marginalization, Globalization And Local And Regional Response,
2004 - 2007
Volume 1 General, theoretical and methodological aspects
Edited by
2010
Published by:
The International Geographical Unions Commission on Marginalization, Globalization and
Regional and Local Response C08.27
Produced by:
2010
ISBN 978-0-473-17042-4
3.
Contents
Preface
Obituary: Larry Summers
Walter Leimgruber, Towards a better world? Joining forces to overcome deadlocks
Steve Dry, Studying marginality through a multiscalar grid: a case study from
protected areas in Vietnam
17
Samuele Patelli, Perceptions of marginality in Ticino (CH): the predominant role of

historical, cultural, and psychological factors
27
Donald F. Lynch, The North or Polar Regions: factors of changing marginality
35
Durgendra Man Kayastha, National Geographic Information Infrastructure in

Nepal: An Initiative of Survey Department
44
Stanko Pelc, Environmental marginality: reality or myth?
49
Junya Fukumoto, An investigation on the roles of regional policy proposal systems
58
Hayeong Jeong, Tsuyoshi Hatori and Kiyoshi Kobayadhi, A protocol analysis of

public debate using facet theory
Stanko Pelc, Peripherality and marginality of Slovenian border areas along the Italian
border.
76
96
4.


2004 - 2007
Volume 2 Development and environment
Edited by
2010
Published by:
Produced by:
2010
ISBN 978-0-473-17042-4
5.
Contents
Alan B. Dixon, Afework Hailu, Legesse Taffa and Tilahun Semu, Local responses to
marginalisation: Human wildlife conflict in Ethiopias wetlands
Yasutaka Matsuo, Making Commons Work: A review of issues and practices for
sustainable development
15
Tony Binns, Making Development Work: Perspectives on community-based

development in Africa
28
Andrea Buch and Alan Dixon, South Africas Working for Water Programme: Searching
for win-win outcomes for people and the environment
41
Donald F. Lynch, Environmentalism and sustainability in Alaska: the Arctic National

Wildlife Refuge and the Tongass National Forest
53
Takeko Iinuma, A global paradigm of participatory development and local interactions:

cases of development assistance in Laos
61
Carmen Delgado Vias, Regional convergence in Spain: a still distant goal
72
Donald F. Lynch, A tunnel, oil and gas in the Arctic: Gigantomania again?
80
Ralf Blumenthal and Walter Leimgruber, Microfinance and the fight against poverty
85
6.


2004 - 2007
Volume 3 Societal issues
Edited by
2010
Published by:
Produced by:
2010
ISBN 978-0-473-17042-4
7.
Contents
Luca Gonzlez-Rodrguez, Local and regional policies for the integration of
foreign immigrants in Catalonia
Norberto Pinto Santos, The consumer society in the communities of a semiperipheral country: Portugal
13
Anna-Maria Lind, Building womens cooperatives a way to challenge gender

structures and expanding social capital
22
Raghubir Chand, The Khengpas of eastern Bhutan: linkages and the population
mobility behavior of a marginal community
35
Lars Westin, Media, place, and social capital
53
Martin Paju, Cooperation strategies between municipalities a question about trust

and socal capital?
62
Tom Havlek, Differentiatoin of human and social capital in rural areas of

Czechia
78
Jrgen Amdam, The emerging Norwegian municipal structure: Alternative options

and their consequences for the political and organisational reform of the local
and regional levels
84
8.


2004 - 2007
Volume 4 The rural world
Edited by
2010
Published by:
Produced by:
2010
ISBN 978-0-473-17042-4
9.
Contents
Gemma Mollevi, The grapevine: a multifaceted, Mediterranean crop for the
marginal areas of Catalonia
Woo-Kung Huh, Can information technology revive rural areas? The cases of evillages in Japan and Korea
11
Yuichiro Fujioka, Changes in Local Livestock Farming Related to the Expansion of

the National Meat Industry and Globalization in Namibia
25
Masura Fujii, Hironobu Hasegawa, Mikiharu Arimura and Tohru Tamura, A

Consideration of Creating Entrepreneurial Rural Communities by Social Networks
in Japan
37
Vt Jank and Pavel Chrom, The significance of human resources in the

changing agricultural geography of Czechia (the Czech Republic) since 1990
47
Yasutaka Matsuo, Ways out of the difficulties facing agriculture in Japan
57
Kiyoshi Kobayashi and Hayeong Jeong, The economic sustainability of family

farming in a depopulating area a case study in the Tottori region
73
Risa Kawashima, Hironubu Hasegawa, Mikiharu Arimura and Tohru Tamura,

Building an artificial society model for interactions between networks and norm
86
Walter Zsilincsar, The role and perspective of Communal Cooperation Policy in

Austria
100
10.


2004 - 2007
Volume 5 Towns and cities, tourism and recreation
Edited by
2010
Published by:
Produced by:
2010
ISBN 978-0-473-17042-4
11.
Contents
Donald F. Lynch, Development and change in Fairbanks, Alaska, under the impact
of globalization, 1976 2006
Bradley T. Cullen, An analysis of business startups: an Albuquerque, New Mexico

case study
12
Pushkar K. Pradhan, Rural Market Towns and Urban-Rural Linkage Development

in Nepal
21
Brody Lee, Tony Binns and Alan B Dixon, The Dynamics of urban agriculture in
Hanoi, Vietnam
42
Etienne Nel and Tony Binns, Evaluating local economic development initiatives in
South Africa: evidence from the cities
53
Steven R. Kale, Local and regional responses to globalization and marginalization:

A case study from Oregon USA
72
Tsuyoshi Hatori, Nozomi Kaminaga, and Kiyoshi Kobayashi, The Roles of Social
Leisure for Vitalizing Depopulated Communities
81
Padma C. Poudel, Trekking Tourism in Trans-Himalayan Valley of Mustang,

Nepal and the Response of the Marginal Community
89
Christian M. Rogerson, Backpacker tourism as a vehicle for local economic

development in South Africa
104
Christian Myles Rogerson, Marginal entrepreneurs in South Africas growing

tourism economy
118
12.
Published by:
The International Geographical Unions
Produced by:
University of Otago, Dunedin,
New Zealand
2010
ISBN 978-0-473-17042-4

Geographical Marginality As A Global Issue-2010-Contents

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UNION GEOGRAPHIQUE INTERNATIONALE

Commission on Marginalization, Globalization