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AntennaTutorialsAnalysisofWaveguides(Continued)TMzFields
MathematicalAnalysisofWaveguidesTMModes
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(TEFields)
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DeterminingthefieldsfortheTMz(TransverseMagnetictothezdirection)modesfollowsa
similarproceduretothatfortheTEzcase.Tobegin,we'llstartbydiscussingthemagnetic
vectorpotential,A.Thisisanonphysicalquantitythatisofteninusedantennatheoryto
simplifythemathematicsofMaxwell'sEquations.
Tounderstandthemagneticvectorpotential,notethatsincethemagneticfluxdensityBmust
alwaysbedivergenceless:
Ifavectorquantityisdivergenceless,thenitcanbeexpressedasthecurlofanothervector
quantity.Inmathnotation,thismeansthatBcanbewrittenas:
Inasourcefreeregion,itcanbeshownthatAmustsatisfythewaveequation:
Inaddition,theTMzfieldscanbefoundfromtheAzcomponentofthemagneticvector
potential,viathefollowingrelationships:
TosolveforAz(andhencedeterminetheEandHfields),wefollowthesameprocedureas
fortheTEzcase.Thatis,weuseseparationofvariablesandsolvethewaveequationforthez
componentofA,thenapplyboundaryconditionsthatforcethetangentialcomponentsoftheE
fieldstobezeroonthemetallicsurfaces.Performingthisprocedure,whichwillnotberepeated
here,weobtainthesolutionforAz:
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AntennaTutorialsAnalysisofWaveguides(Continued)TMzFields
[1]
ThecorrespondingTMzfieldsforwavespropagatinginthe+zdirectionare:
Intheabove,kisagainthewavenumber,andBmnisaconstant,whichdeterminesthe
amplitudeofthemnmode(afunctionofhowmuchpowerisappliedtothewaveguideatthat
frequency).
Beforediscussingthemodes,wemustnotethatTM0nandTMm0modescannotexistthatis,
mandnmustbeatleast1.Thereasoncomesfromequation[1]aboveifeithermornarezero,
thenAzisequaltozero,soallthefieldsderivedmustalsobezero.Hence,thelowestorder
modefortheTMcaseistheTM11mode.
ThesameprocedurescanbeappliedfromtheTEcasetodeterminethecutofffrequenciesfor
theTMmnmode:
NotethattheequationforthecutofffrequencyisthesamefortheTEandtheTMcase.Hence,
thisconfirmsthattheTE10modeisthedominantmodeforthiswaveguide.Wewillconclude
thissectionwiththesameXbandRectangularwaveguidetableasbefore,displayingthecutoff
frequenciesforvariousmodes,thistimeincludingTMmodes.
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AntennaTutorialsAnalysisofWaveguides(Continued)TMzFields
TableI.CutoffFrequencyforTEmnModesinanXbandRectangularWaveguide
Mode
TE10
TE20
6.56GHz
13.1GHz
TE01
TE11
14.8GHz
16.2GHz
TM11
TE30
16.2GHz
19.7GHz
TE21
TM21
19.8GHz
19.8GHz
TE02
29.5GHz
That'saboutallyouneedtoknowtoreallyunderstandtheTMmode.AsintheTEcase,ifthe
operatingfrequencyisbelowthecutofffrequency,thenthemodewilldecayexponentially.If
theoperatingfrequencyisabovethecutofffrequency,propagationwilloccurforthatmode.
Notethatthereisno(1/r)typedependencethatis,thefieldsdonotdieoffwithinawaveguide
whentheypropagate.
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