Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Unmatched Quality
Superior Reliability
baldor.com
479-646-4711
input #1 at www.csemag.com/information
DIESEL
The financial world never stops, so having a dependable power source for our data center is critical. Our system was built to
be redundant so we can perform maintenance without interrupting power. Effective and efficient, our Cat C32 diesel generator
sets give us 2 MW of power that seamlessly step in. Weve had outages that didnt slow us down for a second and went largely
unnoticed. Backed by Cat power, weve designed and built one of the most efficient data centers in North America.
input #2 at www.csemag.com/information
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MARCH 2015
COVER STORY
26 | Integration: BIM design
Building information modeling (BIM) is used frequently
when working across multiple disciplines, including
mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and fire protection engineering, and also with other stakeholders such as architects and contractors.
ED PAUL
FEATURES
32 | Energy performance in
mission critical facilities
ON THE COVER: This overall view of a building shows a single
mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and fire protection (MEP/
FP) design model representing accurate location and overall
dimensions of equipment and systems. This image is rendered
from a single Revit model containing all MEP/FP disciplines.
Courtesy: Arup
DEPARTMENTS
07 | Viewpoint
Work smarter, not harder
09 | Research
25 | Digital Edition
Exclusives
11 | Career Smart
Is an international
assigment right for you?
12 | MEP Roundtable
Learning objective:
Designing K-12 schools
building design
LCCA for HVAC systems
47 | Advertiser Index
48 | Future of
Engineering
Key political trends in green
building
ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES
Use the icons to identify topics of interest.
AUTOMATION & CONTROLS
HVAC
COMMUNICATIONS
LIGHTING
ELECTRICAL
PLUMBING
CONSULTING-SPECIFYING ENGINEER (ISSN 0892-5046, Vol. 52, No. 2, GST #123397457) is published 11x per year, monthly except in February, by CFE Media, LLC, 1111 W. 22nd Street, Suite
#250, Oak Brook, IL 60523. Jim Langhenry, Group Publisher /Co-Founder; Steve Rourke CEO/COO/Co-Founder. CONSULTING-SPECIFYING ENGINEER copyright 2015 by CFE Media, LLC. All rights reserved. CONSULTINGSPECIFYING ENGINEER is a registered trademark of CFE Media, LLC used under license. Periodicals postage paid at Oak Brook, IL 60523 and additional mailing offices. Circulation records are maintained at CFE Media, LLC, 1111
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14%
19%
17%
10%
Fire and
life safety
HVAC
20%
12%
4%
Energy efficiency,
sustainability
*Lighting and
lighting controls
Web exclusives
37%
17%
8%
17%
17%
2014
2015
Read the Q&A about K-12 schools on page 12. To view more poll results, visit www.csemag.com/poll/cse.
*New information gathered in 2015.
2015
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8%
Is your firm an
MEP Giant?
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James Puritch
Headquartered in Victoria, British Columbia, in a modern and environmentally constructed LEED Platinum-Certified
facility, we design and develop internet-connected building controls for a wide range of green buildings, including
schools, hospitals, universities, recreational and commercial facilities. To learn more about our solutions for
sustainability, and opportunities in the green buildings industry, please visit our website or sign-up for a facility tour at:
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input #4 at www.csemag.com/information
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research
58%
Inadequate
Project
Energy
budget delivery speed efficiency
>85%
9 out of 10
50%
or more engineers
frequently use prescriptive or open
(proprietary) fire and life safety
specifications issued by their firm.
Source: Consulting-Specifying Engineer 2015 Fire and Life Safety Study
More research
Quarterly, Consulting-Specifying
Engineer surveys its audience on
four topics: fire and life safety, electrical and power, lighting and lighting controls, and HVAC and building
automation systems. All of the
reports are available online at
www.csemag.com/research.
$2,031,383
2013
$2,163,750
$1,902,625
2014
2015
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www.csemag.com/2014HVACBAS
cse201509_research_HVAC_Hlf.indd 1
1/9/2015 3:52:30 PM
Career Smart
BY JANE SIDEBOTTOM
AMK LLC, Louisville, Ky.
Is an international assignment
right for you?
Consider these 5 questions if youd like to work abroad.
11
MEP Roundtable
PARTICIPANTS
David Ellis,
PE, CEM, LEED AP
Senior Vice President
of Engineering
Allen & Shariff Engineering LLC
Columbia, Md.
Nestor Ortiz
Senior Construction
Engineer,
Project Officer
Parsons Brinckerhoff
Long Island City, N.Y.
John C. Palasz,
PE, HFDP
Mechanical Engineer
Primera Engineers Ltd.
Chicago
12
Learning objective:
Designing K-12 schools
In K-12 schools, technological advancements, code requirements,
and other demands placed on engineers are consistently increasing,
while limitations like budget restraints remain a challenge.
CSE: Please describe a recent K-12
school project youve worked on.
David Ellis: I was involved with the design
of a complete renovation of a 330,000-sq-ft
high school located in Washington, D.C. This
project included a natatorium, performance
auditorium, arts center, gymnasium, two
kitchens, and academic classrooms, including
labs. The high-performance conditioning and
ventilation system for this school involved the
matching of a hydronic variable refrigerant
flow (VRF) system, using a ground coupled
approach along with a dedicated outdoor air
system (DOAS). Design was performed using
a design assist contract, which included a great
deal of cost control input from the contractor,
as this allowed for an accelerated construction
schedule while containing costs. As this was a
renovation, BIM software proved valuable for
coordination.
Nestor Ortiz: I am the lead project officer
for the school construction authority (SCA)
construction management for an expansion/
renovation of a public school in Queens, N.Y.
We are adding 43,000 sq ft to an existing
school. The new building will have four floors
and a mechanical equipment room located on
the roof. This expansion will be connected to
the existing school at all three floor and cellar levels. The school will become Americans
With Disabilities Act (ADA) compliant as
well as provide two elevators, a gymatorium,
a new kitchen/cafeteria, eight new classrooms,
a music room, a library, a science resource
room, and an art room. In case of emergency,
www.csemag.com
Figure 1: Primera Engineers was engaged to renovate the boiler at Chicagos Carl
Schurz High School, a historic landmark. The team replaced steam boilers with 500hp, low-pressure steam boilers, added steam-to-water heat exchangers, two 365-ton
centrifugal chillers, cooling towers, and other components. The project also included
a new building automation system. Courtesy: Primera Engineers Ltd.
13
input #6 at www.csemag.com/information
MEP Roundtable
there is uncertainty in locating or identifying these existing constraints, and that
leads to risk in containing construction
costs. As such, renovation projects benefit from having a contractor involved
early, providing demolition to reduce the
uncertainty during design.
Palasz: Some of the general differences between retrofitting an existing school
and working on a brand-new structure are
that retrofit projects often require more
site survey work prior to construction and
are likely occupied during construction.
This introduces logistical challenges and
requires additional design considerations.
New structures allow for increased design
flexibility in building shape and system
type. That flexibility leads to an increased
potential for energy savings from a tighter
and more insulated envelope and/or a
spacious mechanical room that allows for
accessible, sustainable, and maintainable
equipment that may be integrated directly
TripleSwitch
Make
input #7 at www.csemag.com/information
Wat
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SWITCH
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17
www.csemag.com/webcast
Suction piping
NFPA 20
addresses the
arrangement
of the suction
pipe and
associated
devices.
19
www.csemag.com
A fire pump should operate only during fire conditions or when it is being
tested. A fire pump should not be used
to maintain system pressures under nonfire conditions. The activation of a fire
pump provides an alarm signal as it indicates the operation of the fire protection
system, and such fire pump activation
under nonfire conditions would serve
as a false alarm. Pressure maintenance
pumps, also referred to as jockey
pumps, are used to maintain pressures
within the fire protection system under
nonfire conditions.
Many water-filled fire protection systems are designed so that they are pressurized upon their installation. A system
check valve serves to maintain system
pressures. During a fire event, the activation of a sprinkler or the opening of
a standpipe valve will cause a drop in
system pressure, which will be sensed
by the pressure switch in a fire pump
controller. In turn, this will initiate activation of the fire pump.
Minor pressure losses can also occur
downstream of the fire pump check valve
under nonfire conditions. Pressure losses
can occur due to water seepage across
check valves or leaky fittings, or changes in system temperature. With regard
to temperature, air pockets are usually
trapped in the system piping. Ambient
temperature changes in proximity of the
fire protection system piping will cause
the air pockets to fluctuate in size, thus
varying the relative pressure in the system piping. A large decrease in ambient
temperature in the warehouse, such as
might occur in an unconditioned space
over a 24-hour period, can cause a notable pressure drop, which could be sensed
by the fire pump pressure switch.
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21
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input #9 at www.csemag.com/information
2/13/15 8:59 AM
Digital Edition
Exclusive Content
Visit www.csemag.com/digitaledition for exclusive content
and for technical features from past issues.
DE-1
DE-5
Go to www.csemag.com/digitaledition today
www.csemag.com
25
Learning
objectives
Understand the key aspects
of integrated project delivery
(IPD) as it relates to building
construction.
Learn how incorporating
Lean can eliminate waste in
the engineering process.
Know how to combine
IPD and Lean processes to
streamline building engineering.
DE-1
Often, we use the concepts of integrated project delivery (IPD) and Lean
interchangeably. While they are concepts that partner well together, they
are not the same. IPD is a contracting
method. This sets the rules for a project.
Lean, on the other hand, is a mind-set.
Its the mind-set you adopt on a project
or in your daily work that focuses on the
elimination of waste.
IPD is a building trend in design and
construction communities. Many owners
have heard about IPD and are requiring
it for their projects. The American Institute of Architects (AIA) has developed
a multi-party agreement that can be
used to contractually join together several entities, rather than the traditional
owner-architect agreement. The AIA has
also published a guide on IPD that can
be referenced for additional information.
Lean practices can be used on a project and are even valuable as a way to
better manage your personal workload.
The Lean Construction Institute (LCI)
has formed Communities of Practice
around the country that bring together
Lean practitioners to develop skills and
share knowledge within their business
community.
www.csemag.com
Getting started
Example:
The electrical engineer has laid out
the electrical rooms to show all of the
equipment and to verify the size of the
room for the architect during its initial
floor plan layout. During a meeting
with the owners team, the electrical
team finds that the adjacent room needs
to grow larger, but the engineer is concerned about giving up space. The contractor suggests the use of an integrated
switchgear system that could consolidate the equipment into a smaller footprint. Still, the engineer is concerned
about designing for this without input
from a manufacturer.
In a traditional process, identifying a
single manufacturer (sole sourcing) is
a practice that is discouraged. There is
a fear of losing a competitive pricing
opportunity with only a single manufacturer. In an IPD environment, the pricing is open to the entire team. Involving suppliers in the process allows for
a design to be developed around the
dimensions of that specific product.
Suppliers are also a good resource in
assisting to manage the budget amount
and can help the team better under-
DE-2
If you really want to push the boundaries of the traditional process, have the
team think about co-locating for the duration of the project. Sometimes the best
way to share information is in a casual
conversation between team players.
Sharing ideas can be reinforced when
the work is produced in this environment.
Setting up a big room (see Figure 1)
is a great strategy for encouraging deep
collaboration. Here you have the key
stakeholders present during document
production and providing constant feedback to the development of the design.
We all know how hard it is to truly
coordinate information even among the
design team members, but in a big room
setting, the focus remains on the development of the project and all key stakeholders monitor the development based
on their expertise.
Example:
The architect has shown an electrical room adjacent to a stairwell and a
mechanical shaft in the initial layout of
the floor plan. During a work session, the
DE-3
Example:
The owner has asked that its building be a U.S. Green Building Council
LEED Silver project. The mechanical
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delivers a wide
array of strategies
and solutions to
help control system designers create a
more efficient process.
Visit www.controleng.com
delivers plant-floor
knowledge and
expertise to help
manufacturers operate smarter, safer
and more efficiently.
Visit www.plantengineering.com
LCCA for
HVAC systems
Lifecycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a tool used to determine the most
cost-effective option among HVAC system alternatives.
BY DAVID J. MACKAY, BEMP, CPMP, LEED AP, Kohler Ronan, New York City
Learning
objectives
DE-5
Most individuals intuitively recognize that a dollar today does not have
the same value as a dollar in the distant
future. This concept, referred to as the
time value of money, results from two
considerations: 1) general inflation,
which is the erosion of future purchasing power; and 2) opportunity cost,
which for existing capital is the cost of
www.csemag.com
Figure 1: Each year the National Institute of Standards and Technology publishes
Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost AnalysisThe Annual
Supplement to NIST Handbook 135. The price indices shown here have been reproduced from the U.S. Energy Information Association Table Ca-5 Projected fuel price
indices (excluding general inflation) by end-use sector and fuel type-United States
Average.
Figure 2: The discount rate (d) is a special type of interest rate that makes an investor indifferent between cash amounts received at different points in time. An investor
with a 3% discount rate would be willing to invest up to $424 dollars today in order to
save $1,000 in year 30; an investor with a 7% discount rate would only be willing to
invest up to $141 for the same return.
DE-6
DE-7
Making decisions
using LCCA
220,000
70 F 2.5 F
75 F 2.5 F
$380,000
$190,000
Condensing boilers
$175,000
$30,000
$775,000
Plant performance
Heating efficiency
3.2
92%
19 W/gpm
Lifecycle costing
Base year
Service year
2017
costs through the DES would likely total $8.6 million in net
Study length
30 years
present value
Although installation of an on-site central plant would
increase initial investment and future capital costs by approximately $1 million, compared to the DES alternative the central
plant option would save the client approximately $2.4 million
in energy expenditures over 30 years
2017
Discount rate
3%
Discounting convention
Year-end
Real
Constant dollar
$775,000
Maintenance cost
$232,500
Replacement cost
($396,540)
$1,150,960
$540,000
$39,543
Energy cost
$312,633
Maintenance cost
$7,750
Capital replacements
$13,651
Residual value
($8,337)
$365,242
$1,421,861
Savings-to-investment ratio
Adjusted internal rate of return
Figure 3: The design team agreed that the investment decision of whether to build an on-site plant
or use the local energy options should be determined using LCCA.
www.csemag.com
2.62
6.36%
Table 1: The LCCA is calculated for both building a new central plant
and for using the district energy system option. The central plant
option turned out to be the most economically viable alternative.
DE-8
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Cover story
Integration:
BIM design
Learning
objectives
Understand the requirements for a BIM model.
Learn the key components
of a BIM execution plan.
Understand the nuances of
smart data, content, and other
details within a model.
26
tectural models are detailed and dimensioned to a high level of accuracy, and it is
expected that MEP/FP models will match
that accuracy, an attitude also shared by
the client/owner. This sets the precedence
in architectural and structural models,
which are required to provide dimensional
control for the contractor as an element
of design. MEP/FP design work rarely, if
ever, has the same level of detailing. However, as MEP modeling software became
mature enough to be used on major projects, expectations were already set for
similarly detailed MEP/FP models.
Contractors have also become accustomed to using architectural/structural
models directly to create their 3-D
coordination models; increasingly, they
expect the MEP/FP models to have the
same detail and accuracy. For example,
a general contractor was completely surprised by my negative response when
he asked about modeling all the conduit
runs in the electrical model. MEP/FP
design models are created primarily to
show design intent. While support modeling and constructability are secondary
drivers, they are still important, as the
subcontractors make a substantial investment in the trade coordination exercises
www.csemag.com
Figure 1: An overall view of a building shows a single mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and fire protection (MEP/FP) design model representing accurate location and
overall dimensions of equipment and systems. This image is rendered from a single
Revit model containing MEP/FP disciplines along with IT and audio-visual (AV) disciplines representing accurate location and overall dimensions of equipment and systems. All graphics courtesy: Arup
27
28
More and more manufacturers are providing Revit families along with AutoCAD blocks. While this is very useful,
care should be taken before using manufacturer content. These objects are very
detailed to support the manufacturers
large private university in Southern California recently completed a technologically complex retrofit
of an existing 1950s building for its mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and fire protection (MEP/
FP) system design. This owner is quite sophisticated in rolling over engineering design data generated
by BIM Autodesk Revit models to be used for facility management purposes with minimal modifications
at project closeout.
Given the large effort to compile data after the fact, this owner requires the design team to set up
families to accommodate the collection of design and construction data during the process within the
BIM model. To facilitate this effort, the owner hosted BIM collaboration meetings to share goals and
requested the design teams to create a plan and process to capture the necessary data as part of the
design process. The design team worked together with the client and the contractor to develop a joint BIM
execution plan (JBEP) that will deliver on the clients request. The JBEP includes such items as explicitly
defined families with prescribed sets of university-required parameters, coordination review processes
by owner-contracted third-party BIM reviewers, and file exchange workflows.
Because the design team in collaboration with the construction team reached an early agreement on
the JBEP, the MEP engineers were able to start creating Revit families that met the necessary criteria
and were able to avoid rework. A predetermined scheduled was added to JBEP for model exchange
and additional workshops for model coordination with the contractor. Data from models was exported
at milestones and verified against facility management checklists to ensure that model objects carried
all pertinent engineering data that a facility engineer can use as needed in the future. Proper and early
planning can address the issues and challenges that MEP/FP engineers face when asked to integrate
BIM into design and use model-generated data for facility management.
29
Figure 4: Modeling matrix lists objects using the Construction Specifications Institute
UniFormat code and requires the project team to fill in the appropriate level of development values based on project phase.
and/or DWG format for all sheets to document design progress. Certain owners are
also asking for Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format models to allow exchange
of model objects between BIM software
by different vendors, along with models
from the authoring software.
- 2 sizes
available
Features include:
No-moving-parts design, ultrasonic flow sensor
with excellent accuracy and turndown
Precision matched platinum RTDs for accurate
temperature measurement
Native BACnet MS/TP
EN1434 compliant
input #13 at www.csemag.com/information
Energy performance
in mission critical facilities
Mission critical facilities, such as data centers, are judged carefully on
their energy use. Engineers should focus on the codes and standards
that dictate energy performance and how building energy performance
can be enhanced.
BY BILL KOSIK, PE, CEM, BEMP, LEED AP BD+C, HP Data Center Facilities Consulting, Chicago
Learning
objectives
Understand the various
ways to measure energy use
in mission critical facilities.
Learn about the codes and
standards that dictate energy
performance.
Learn about the codes,
standards, and organizations
that govern energy performance.
32
Figure 1: Using IT equipment that can run in an environment with 26 C supply air (top) enables the use of different cooling technology than IT equipment that runs with 20 C supply air. This allows for a 15% reduction in HVAC system energy use. All graphics
courtesy: HP Data Center Facilities Consulting
33
Energy performance
requirements to make things more efficient. The exclusions dealt primarily with
humidification and how to define baseline HVAC systems used in comparing
energy use to the proposed design. At
that time, the generally held beliefs were
the computer systems were very susceptible to failure if exposed to improper
environmental conditions and therefore
should not have to meet certain parts of
the standard that could result in a deleterious situation.
Knowing this, data center industry
groups were already developing energy
efficiency and environmental operating
guidelines. And as the use of computers
continued to increase and centralized data
centers were beginning to show up in
increasing numbers of building designs, it
was necessary that ASHRAE play a more
important role in this process
New language for data centers
With the release of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007, based on input from the
the data center community, including
ASHRAEs TC9.9 for Mission Critical
Facilities, data centers could no longer
be treated as an exception in the energy
standard. There were several proposed
amendments to Standard 90.1-2007
that included specific language, but it
wouldnt be until the release of Standard
90.1-2010 where data center-specific language was used in the standard. The sections in the standard relating to data centers took another big leap forward with
the release of the 2013 edition, which
contains specific energy performance
requirements for data centers, including
the ability to use power usage effectiveness (PUE) as a measure of conformity
with the standard.
Standard 90.1 certainly has come a
long way, but, as expected in the technology realm, computers continue to evolve
and change the way they impact on the
built environment. This includes many
aspects of a building design, including overall facility size, construction
type, and electrical distribution system
and cooling techniques. This places an
unprecedented demand on developing
www.csemag.com
In the past decade, many of the manufacturers of power and cooling equipment
have created product lines designed specifically for use in data centers. Some of
this equipment has evolved from existing
lines, and some has been developed from
the ground up. Either way, the major manufacturers understand that the characteristics of a data center require specialized
equipment and product solutions. Within
this niche there are a number of novel
approaches that show potential based on
actual installed performance and market
acceptance. The thermal requirements of
the computers have really been the catalyst for developing many of these novel
approaches; state-of-the-art data centers
have IT equipment (mainly servers) with
inlet temperature requirements of 75 to
80 F and higher. (The ASHRAE Thermal
Guideline classes of inlet temperatures
go as high as 113 F.) This has enabled
designs for compressorless cooling, relying solely on cooling from outside air- or
water-cooled systems using heat rejection devices (cooling towers, dry coolers, close-circuit coolers, etc.). Even in
climates with temperature extremes that
go beyond the temperature requirements,
owners are taking a calculated risk and
not installing compressorized cooling
equipment based on the large first-cost
reduction (see Figure 2).
How are these high inlet temperatures being used to reduce overall
energy use and improve operations? A
small sampling:
Depending on the type of computing
equipment, during stretches of abovenormal temperatures, the computer processor can be slowed down intentionally,
www.csemag.com
political, and security stresses. From 1973 to 1974, residential fuel oil rose
from $0.75/million Btu to $1.82/million Btu, a 143% increase. Electricity
costs also spiked: from $5.86/million Btu in 1973 to $7.42/million Btu in
1974. This was a 27% increase in electricity cost in just 1 year.
The 1973 oil crisis is not the only tumultuous event that has threatened
energy supplies in the U.S., but this particular event sparked the greatest
debate on energy efficiency in the built environment in the U.S. to date.
Also, during this time the unsafe levels of water- and air-borne pollution
attributed to the extraction and production of energy were making headlines,
putting pressure on private industry and government to develop laws that
would protect the welfare of U.S. citizens, and guarantee a cost-effective
and secure source of energy. These programs became part of a greater
effort, which included the industrial sector, appliances, electronics, and
electricity generation.
35
Energy performance
PUE =
IT
Figure 4: Power usage effectiveness (PUE) is the industry standard for benchmarking
data center energy use, according to data from The Green Grid.
36
The redundant systems, regardless of the type of mission critical facility, will cause energy use inefficiencies to some degree. Using multiple
paths of power, cooling, and ventilation distribution will likely result in
less efficient operation of fans, pumps, chillers, transformers, and more.
This is not always true, but it certainly poses challenges to determining
the most effective way to run redundant systems especially when
each distribution path will likely contain multiple sensors, actuators, and
other safety devices.
Many codes acknowledge that systems that support life safety and
guard against hazards will be exempt from requirements that apply to
noncritical power and cooling systems. However, sometimes it is not
apparent where the boundary lies between mission critical and nonmission critical.
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Figure 6: As server power management has become more sophisticated, the ratio of
power at idle (no workload) compared to full power has decreased by more than 50%
since 2007. This will result in a more optimized data center energy use strategy.
37
Energy performance
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Learning
objectives
Understand the two primary types of fire pumps:
electric and diesel.
Learn about the codes and
standards and define specification of these systems.
Determine how to select
the best pump to meet the
intended usage.
40
which includes frequent run tests. Sometimes it is just too difficult to locate a diesel-driven pump inside a building due to
these considerations, especially when the
design requires pumps be installed within
a tower due to pressure zone requirements.
Diesel-driven pumps are a good choice
when the pump is located at the base of
the building near the exterior wall or in a
separate pump house to accommodate the
refueling operations and the ventilation of
combustion exhaust. When installed inside
a building or midway up a high-rise tower,
they are difficult to design and install.
An electric-driven pump does not
require a combustion-driven engine to start
to operate the pump. As long as power is
available to the pump, when the pressure
drops in the system, the electric-driven
pump will start. The key is to provide
a reliable source of power to the pump,
under both normal and emergency conditions. For an electric-driven pump, power
is the key to the reliability of the pump
and therefore the fire protection system.
Electric power is easier to run through the
building, especially within high-rise towers where multiple pressure zone pumps
are located. Getting the power there is
easier than getting diesel fuel.
Codes and standards
Figure 1: This represents a simple one-line medium-voltage configuration that complies with the intent of the code. All graphics
courtesy: JBA Consulting Engineers
Power requirements
One of the things that often gets overlooked when dealing with emergency
power to fire pumps is the power requirements for the controller and pump from
the backup source. The backup source is
typically an on-site generator. NFPA 20
requires the pump to run at up to a locked
rotor current, which can be up to six times
the full load current. If the generator is
sized to handle only the full load, there
is not sufficient power available to drive
the pump to meet NFPA 20 requirements.
Because most pumps are of a significant
size (150 to 250 hp), this oversight can be
drastic in the overall performance of the
system. The generator needs to be sized
to handle the required start-up load, not
just the running load.
Most electric-driven pumps that require
backup power will have transfer switches
specified that are integral with the controller itself. The transfer switch is a component of the controller, and the two act in
unison to operate the pump under both nor-
41
Figure 2: This shows one possible method of providing power for both pumps.
42
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of NFPA 70. One of the key considerations in protecting the reliability of the
fire pump installation is protecting the
feeder circuits to the fire pumps. NFPA
70 requires electrical services for fire
pumps to be routed outside of the building, or if routed inside the building to
be installed under not less than 2 in. of
concrete beneath a building or encased
within concrete or brick not less than 2
in. thick. This is to provide a means to
protect the service feeding the pump from
damage by fire or other physical injury.
The requirements for supplying power
to fire pumps are very stringent. This is
due to the fact that the code recognizes
that a fire pump is an essential element
of the fire suppression system. The installation, including the power supplies, has
to be very reliable for it to operate under
adverse conditions. Often these stringent
requirements, coupled with the power
demands on both the utility and emergency power sources, make the use of
electric-driven fire pumps cost prohibitive, driving the design solution to dieseldriven or other types of fire pumps. But
as mentioned, there are times when you
simply cannot use a diesel-driven pump,
and the best choice is electric.
So how does a designer or installer
apply these code requirements to the
buildings that dont specifically lend
themselves to providing electric power
to fire pumps, especially multiple fire
pumps distributed throughout the com-
plex? How does the size and configuration of the building impact the ability to
apply the code requirements of NFPA 20
and NFPA 70? In some instances, some
consideration can be given to alternative
methods that are allowed by code; other
Figure 3: In this case, multiple fire pumps connected to three parallel generators/switchgear in a large complex facility are shown.
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43
Figure 4: A vertical fire pump and its associated controllers serve a high-rise complex.
44
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Figure 5: Vertical and horizontal fire pumps are shown with their associated piping in a high-rise complex.
45
crane control system solutions that meet customer needs & fulfill project
requirements. Provide technical expertise to project engineering teams &
customers. Communicate with customers to define the electrical, control
& automation requirements for assigned projects. Develop specifications
for motor, drive, transformer, switchgear, sensor & automation equipment
suppliers to ensure high quality designs & on-time delivery within budget.
Provide, or make available, technical guidance to the project engineering
team as required to ensure total project requirements are met. Prepare
functional specifications for engineering team & suppliers as required.
Analyze crane duty cycles to confirm drives & motors meet specifications.
Conduct power system studies for crane projects to ensure power systems
are sufficient to support new crane equipment. Provide technical consultation to assist customers in specifying solutions to technology challenges
that result in projects for company. Prepare technical proposals & costing as
assigned using customer specifications & knowledge of company solutions.
Provide timely technical support to company field sales & field engineering
personnel. Identify new products & applications to increase sales growth.
Prepare & lead presentations at customer meetings, seminars & conferences
at customer sites or other locations as necessary. Cooperate & collaborate
with peers & interact cross-organizationally. Ensure effective utilization of
business processes. Requirements: Bachelors in Electrical Engineering or a
related field. 3 years experience sizing & applying TMdrive family of drives in
coordinated control systems. 3 years experience sizing motors, transformers
& switchgears for control systems for cranes &/or related complex industries.
1 year experience performing power system studies, harmonic filter design
& protective device coordination for control systems for cranes &/or related
complex industries. Able to climb & work on cranes at heights of up to 175
feet. Able to travel in U.S. & abroad up to 15% with limited notice.
46
For Roanoke, VA and midwestern U.S. employment with TMEIC International Corporation. Develop & implement account plans & strategies for current & potential
clients in the oil & gas & power generation industries in the assigned region on
a rolling 12 month cycle to deliver the orders budget. Identify, establish contact
& develop relationships with a network of purchase influencers within current &
potential targeted client organizations to position the company to bid for their
new opportunities. Develop & implement sales & business plans & strategies at key
accounts, as requested. Lead the tactical plan for pursuing projects at approved
accounts. Identify & solicit leads & referrals from current & potential client needs
to maintain an active opportunity pipeline. Build industry & client awareness of
company products & services via technical presentations at conferences, trade
shows & at client meetings. Provide pre-sales technical & systems engineering
assistance to clients & channel partners, such as reviewing written proposals &
engineering specifications, & conduct product & service presentations. Proactively
communicate, cooperate & provide commercial & technical engineering support
to sales channel partners on all sales activities in the region. Collaborate with sales
& service partners, end user & company personnel to develop & enhance productive relationships. Identify, resolve & communicate resolution on customer issues,
escalating unresolved issues to appropriate internal contact. Produce & maintain
accurate records of opportunities, proposals, contracts & business activities per
corporate guidelines. Provide timely updates on sales activity, performance, integration of corporate business project processes, market trends, project status &
customer relationship issues to business unit & company management. Identify
& recommend new &/or enhanced products or service feature needs, particularly
value-added, engineered solutions, by soliciting feedback from clients, monitoring industry trends & tracking the competitive environment to drive business
growth. Track competitors' technical offerings, assess client situations & propose
competitive options applicable to the customer's individual needs. Formulate recommendations for improvements within scope of assigned work proactively. Travel
to customer locations, both locally & regionally, in support of sales opportunities.
Cooperate & collaborate with peers & interact cross-organizationally. Ensure the
effective utilization of business processes. Requirements: Bachelors in Electrical or
Mechanical Engineering. 3 years experience in a technical sales position applying
TMdrive family of drives. 2 years experience providing packaged electrical & power
electronics solutions utilizing specialized vendors for e-houses, transformers &
switchgear. Demonstrated application engineering experience integrating large
industrial drives, motors & control systems, including Dura-Bilt DB5i & TMdrive
XL series. Demonstrated customer facing experience providing technical support
in a commercial environment for large industrial drives & motors for the oil & gas
processing &/or power generation industries. Able to travel domestically 40%
& internationally, occasionally, with limited notice. Must live in or be willing to
relocate to the U.S. midwest region comprised of IN, MI, WI, IL, MN, IA, MO & KS.
Must work from home.
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47
Future of Engineering
BY JERRY YUDELSON, PE
Green Building Initiative, Portland, Ore.
48
EXPECT LESS
LESS HARMONICS
LESS ENERGY DEMAND
LESS FOOTPRINT
The Worlds First Commercially-Acceptable HVAC Matrix Drive.
Yaskawa introduces the Z1000U HVAC Matrix Drive - an integrated,
low harmonic, regenerative drive designed to greatly enhance your
power quality and system efficiency.
YA S K A W A A M E R I C A , I N C .
DRIVES & MOTION DIVISION
1 - 8 0 0 - YA S K A W A | YA S K A W A . C O M
input #15 at www.csemag.com/information
THATS THE
CRITICAL DIFFERENCE.
Evaporative
Outside Air
Chilled Water
Emerson. Consider it Solved., Emerson Network Power and the Emerson Network Power logo are trademarks and service marks of Emerson Electric Co. 2015 Emerson Electric Co. All rights reserved.