Assignment NO: - 1

DATE:-

AIM: - Design of Linear power supply

OBJECTIVE: - To design

: 1. Single Polarity
2. Dual Polarity

Linear Power Supply

REQUIREMENTS: -

Sr.
No.
1.

Description

Specification

Computer(Multisim
Software)

P-V

Quantity
01

THEORY:-

AC Power:
Typical line voltages in the US are between 110 V to 120 V with a frequency of 60 Hz.
However, digital devices require DC power and thus the power supplies can be created.
From Physics 260, the ratio of the input voltage on a transformer to its output voltage
follows the relation of
Voutput N s

Vinput
Np
Equation 1
where Np is the number of turns on the coil on the primary side (input) and Ns is the
number of turns on the secondary (output) side of the transformer.
In Multisim, under the Basic family, a virtual transform
can be found. Among its properties is the primary to
secondary turns ratio. Examining Equation 1 closely, a
primary to secondary turns ratio of 100, will actually
reduce the input voltage by a factor of 100. This is called a
step down transformer. If the primary to secondary ratio
is less than 1 (but greater than zero), then the transformer is
a step up transformer.
Activity 1:
1. Place connect a 60 Hz 120 V AC source on the
Multisim screen. Connect this component to the
virtual transformer described above (shown to the
right). The AC source can be connected either to the two wires on the left of the
transformer. The transformer will then follow the relationships described above.
2. Connect the multimeter between the topmost and bottom most wires on the right
side of the transformer. Connect a ground to the - of the multimeter. Set the
multimeter for AC voltage measurement. Simulate the circuit.
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Diodes:
Diodes effectively conduct current in one direction. In the early days of electronics,
diodes were tubes with two elements: a heating element and a cathode. The heater
was called the anode and when current ran through the heating element, it would
emit electrons. These electrons were attracted to the cathode (the + side) and thus
current would flow. Reversing the current would be impossible because the cathode
was made of a different material.
Today semiconductor materials are used to construct these devices. Some materials
can be doped or lightly contaminated with other elements. When this occurs, an
electron can be easily removed from the doped materials. These are called n-type
materials. P-type materials have been doped with elements in which there are
holes (absence of electrons). The n-type material is combined with the p-type
material. Imagine that you have two types of chocolate bars and you smash then ends
together to form a long chocolate bar. One end, for instance, may be a Milky WayTM
bar and other a HeathTM. How the bar tastes, then, depends on which side of the bar
you eat.
It is a similar in a p-n junction. If you attach a battery with the + to the n-type side
and the - to the p-type side, no current flows. Why? The nearly free electron in the
n-type material immediately flows there and the electrons from the - battery flow
into the holes. There is no current flow across the junction.
However, if the + side is connected to the p-type side and the - side is connected to
the n-type side, current will flow across the diode.
We will use a Wheatstone bridge arrangement of diodes to change or rectify the
voltages from the transformer.

Circuit 1Half wave rectifier

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Fig. Components of Linear power Supply

Circuit 1full wave rectifier

Fig. Single Polarity Linear Power Supply

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Fig.Output Simmulation

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Fig.Dual Polarity Linear Power Supply

Fig. Output Of Dual Linear Power Supply

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Fig. Single Polarity Variable Power Supply

Fig.O/p Potentiometer Increment 25%,50% and & 75% respectively

Signature of Staff

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