Chapter 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This part presents the methodologies employed in this research study. It
also includes the sample size and instruments to be used by the researcher to
gather data. The development of research instrument was discuss in detailed to
come up with valid questionnaire. The statistical tools to be used to analyze the
results are also discussed at the later part of this chapter.
Research Design
The study utilized both quantitative and qualitative method of research to
determine and describe the health status, lifestyle and job performance of the
respondents to come up with the best program for physical fitness. The
quantitative method used statistical treatment to interpret numerically the findings
and describe the given results through qualitative method. This research design
is otherwise known as Triangulation or Mixed Method of research.
The

objective

employ mathematical

of

quantitative

research

is

to

develop

models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining

and
to

phenomena. The process of measurement is central to quantitative research

because it provides the fundamental connection between empirical observation
and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships. Quantitative is any
data that is in numerical form such as statistics, percentages, etc. The researcher
asks a specific, narrow question and collects a sample of numerical data from the

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respondents to answer the questions. The researcher analyzes the data with the
help of statistics as employed in this research.

Respondents
To determine the sample size, the researcher considered the Slovin
Formula in computing the sample as shown below:
N
n= ______________________
1 + Ne2
where:

1,277
n = _____________________
1 + 1,277 (0.1)2
=

99.92 or 100

n = size of the sample

N = size of the population
e = margin on error
Out of 1,277 general population of Police Security and Protection Unit,
only 100 personnel were selected based from the above formula of computing
the sample. In the total population of the PSPG, 1 is added resulting to 1,278.The
margin of error 0.1 is selected because the value of one sample size is differ
from another besides the availability of on-duty personnel is limited. It was
squared and resulted to 0.05 multiplied to 1,278 resulted to 12.78. The general
population of 1,277 was divided to the product 12.78 and come up to the quotient
99.92 and rounded to 100 as the sample size.

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The 100 samples from the population of Police Security and Protection
Group were selected using Convenient Sampling Technique, where only the
available and on-duty personnel on the day of administration of questionnaire
were selected.
Research Instrument
The research instrument was developed by the researcher. It is not a
standardized test but can measure the health status and lifestyle of the
respondents through survey and descriptive questionnaire. The first part of the
questionnaire is the assessment of physical health, psycho-social health and
lifestyle of the respondents using descriptive questionnaire and be measured
using the likert scale as appropriately indicated in the survey document.
The 5-point Dedekind likert scale used is interpreted below:
SCALE

RANGE

DESCRIPTIVE
INTERPRETATION

FITNESS STATUS

JOB
PERFORMANCE

5
4
3
2
1

4.51-5.00
3.51-4.50
2.51-3.50
1.51-2.50
1.00-1.50

Always
Often
Sometimes
Seldom
Never

Excellent Health
Better than Average Health
Average Health
Below Average Health
Poor Health

Outstanding
Very Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Fair
Poor

The second part assessed the Physical and Psycho-social Conditions.

Subsequently, the third part is the measure of job performance where the same
instrument is utilized by the PSPG unit in determining their job performance.
The research instrument was checked by the adviser and some revisions
were made to fit with the quality standards of the research instrument.

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Data Gathering Procedure

The informed consent were secured prior to the administration of the
research questionnaire. After an approval of the request letter, the researcher
approached every member of the group who are selected as respondents based
from the sample selection. The administered questionnaire were retrieved and
submit to the statistician to analyze the data.

Statistical Treatment
The statistical treatment used in this study is weighted mean. Since the
focal point of this research is to describe the phenomena, the appropriate method
is to determine the central tendency to analyze the given results.
According to Tan (2006), weighted mean is the overall average responses
of the respondents. It is the sum of its product of the frequency of responses and
the Likert five-point scale based on the Dedekind Cut. The Dedekind Cut is the
numerical analyst who determined the internal scale from the whole numbers.
The formula of weighted mean is shown below:

(5 f 1+4 f 2+3 f 3+2 f 4 +1 f 5)

WM = _______________________________________
N= (f1 + f2 + f3 +f4 + f5)

Where:

f1 to f5

= summation
= frequency of responses per unit weight

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= total number of respondents

Furthermore, the pearson-r was also utilized to determine the relationship

between the health and fitness status and the job performance of the
respondents. This found out how the health and fitness status including physical,
pycho-social health, lifestyle, spiritual health, physical problems and psychosocial conditions affect the job performance of the respondents.
The interpretation of r-value is as follows:
0.81-1.00
0.61-0.80
0.41-0.60
0.21-0.40
0.00-0.20

Very High Correlation

High Correlation
Moderate Correlation
Low Correlation
Very Low Correlation

Very low correlation means that the two variables are not related with each
other which caused acceptance of the null hypothesis. Meanwhile, Low
Correlation also shows no relationship between the two variables. On the other
hand, r-value resulting to moderate correlation means that the relationship is
existing and may affect with each other. High correlation also signifies that the
relationship highly influence the variables causing rejection of null hypothesis.
Very high correlation means that there is an utmost significance or relationship
between the compared variables.
This computation was applied to determine the relationship of Health and
Fitness Status to Job Performance of the respondents.

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NOTES
Aliaga and Gunderson. (2000 Edition) Research Methods and
Application. Lippincott CA, Designing an Educational Research pages 86-87
Ernesto H. Calderon. Methods of Educational Research Revised Edition
2009 C.E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City, Philippines
Luke R. Sunder Applied Statistics 5th Edition 2012 Clement and James
Publishing South Dakota, USA.
Cristeta B. Tan A Research Guide in Nursing Education Third Edition
2006 by Visual Print Enterprises, Makati City

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