Paper Code.

:
ETCS 404
Software Testing
UNIT I
Introduction: What is software testing and why it is so hard?, Error, Fault, Failure, Incident, Test Cases,
Testing Process, Limitations of Testing, No absolute proof of correctness, Overview of Graph Theory.
UNIT II
Functional Testing: Boundary Value Analysis, Equivalence Class Testing, Decision Table Based Testing,
Cause Effect Graphing Technique.
Structural Testing: Path testing, DD-Paths, Cyclomatic Complexity, Graph Metrics, Data Flow Testing,
Mutation testing.
UNIT III
Reducing the number of test cases: Prioritization guidelines, Priority category, Scheme, Risk Analysis,
Regression Testing, Slice based testing
Testing Activities: Unit Testing, Levels of Testing, Integration Testing, System Testing, Debugging, Domain
Testing.
UNIT IV
Object Oriented Testing: Issues in Object Oriented Testing, Class Testing, GUI Testing, Object Oriented
Integration and System Testing.
Testing Tools: Static Testing Tools, Dynamic Testing Tools, Characteristics of Modern Tools.
TEXT BOOKS
[T1]
William Perry, Effective Methods for Software Testing, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995.
[T2]
Cem Kaner, Jack Falk, Nguyen Quoc, Testing Computer Software, Second Edition, Van Nostrand
Reinhold, New York, 1993.
[T3]
Boris Beizer, Software Testing Techniques, Second Volume, Second Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold,
New York, 1990.
[T4]
Louise Tamres, Software Testing, Pearson Education Asia, 2002
REFERENCE BOOKS
[R1]
Roger S. Pressman, Software Engineering A Practitioners Approach, Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill
International Edition, New Delhi, 2001.
[R2]
Boris Beizer, Black-Box Testing Techniques for Functional Testing of Software and Systems, John
Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1995.
[R3]
K.K. Aggarwal & Yogesh Singh, Software Engineering, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi,
2003.
[R4]
Marc Roper, Software Testing, McGraw-Hill Book Co., London, 1994.
[R5]
Gordon Schulmeyer, Zero Defect Software, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1990.
[R6]
Watts Humphrey, Managing the Software Process, Addison Wesley Pub. Co. Inc., Massachusetts,
1989.
[R7]
Boris Beizer, Software System Testing and Quality Assurance, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York,
1984.
[R8]
Glenford Myers, The Art of Software Testing, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1979.

SOFTWARE TESTING
FIRST TERM
1. What is software testing and why it is so hard?
2. Error, Fault, Failure, Incident, Test Cases
3. Testing Process
4. Limitations of Testing, No absolute proof of correctness
5. Overview of Graph Theory
6. Static Testing Tools, Dynamic Testing Tools
7. Functional Testing: Boundary Value Analysis, Equivalence Class Testing
8. Decision Table Based Testing, Cause Effect Graphing Technique
9. Structural Testing: Path testing
10. DD-Paths

SECOND TERM
11. Cyclomatic Complexity, Graph Metrics
12. Data Flow Testing, Mutation testing
13. Reducing the number of test cases: Prioritization guidelines, Priority category
14. Scheme, Risk Analysis
15. Regression Testing, Slice based testing
16. Testing Activities: Unit Testing, Levels of Testing
17. Integration Testing
18. System Testing
19. Debugging
20. Domain Testing

THIRD TERM
21. Object Oriented Testing: Issues in Object Oriented Testing
22. Class Testing, GUI Testing
23. Object Oriented Integration and System Testing
24. Characteristics of Modern Tools

SOFTWARE TESTING LAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

LAB CODE: ETCS 454

1. WAP to add two integers and test for its correctness (Ad-hoc testing).
2. WAP to perform Boundary Value Analysis and Robust Testing.
3. WAP to perform Worst Case and Robust Worst Case Testing.
4. WAP to perform Equivalence Class Testing.
5. WAP to perform Decision Table Based Testing.
6. WAP to design Cause Effect Graphing Technique for testing.
7. WAP to find Cyclomatic Complexity using Program Graph.
8. WAP to perform data flow testing.
9. WAP to perform Slice Based testing.
10.WAP to perform mutation testing.

Paper Code.:
ETIT 408
Embedded System
UNIT I
Introduction to an embedded systems design & RTOS: Introduction to Embedded system,
Processor in the System, Microcontroller, Memory Devices, Embedded System Project Management,
ESD and Co-design issues in System development Process, Design cycle in the development phase for
an embedded system, Use of target system or its emulator and In-circuit emulator, Use of software
tools for development of an ES.
Inter-process Communication and Synchronization of Processes, Tasks and Threads, Problem of
Sharing Data by Multiple Tasks, Real Time Operating Systems: OS Services, I/O Subsystems,
Interrupt Routines in RTOS Environment, RTOS Task Scheduling model, Interrupt Latency and
Response times of the tasks.
UNIT - II
Overview of Microcontroller: Microcontroller and Embedded Processors, Overview of 8051
Microcontroller family: Architecture, basic assembly language programming concepts, The program
Counter and ROM Spaces in the 8051, Data types, 8051 Flag Bits ad PSW Register, 8051 Register
Banks and Stack Instruction set, Loop and Jump Instructions, Call Instructions, Time delay generations
and calculations, I/O port programming Addressing Modes, accessing memory using various
addressing modes, Arithmetic instructions and programs, Logical instructions, BCD and ASCII
application programs, Single-bit instruction programming, Reading input pins vs. port Latch,
Programming of 8051 Timers, Counter Programming
UNIT- III
Communication with 8051: Basics of Communication, Overview of RS-232, I2C Bus, UART, USB,
8051 connections to RS-232, 8051 serial communication programming, 8051 interrupts, Programming
of timer interrupts, Programming of External hardware interrupts, Programming of the serial
communication interrupts, Interrupt priority in the 8051
UNIT - IV
Interfacing with 8051: Interfacing an LCD to the 8051, 8051 interfacing to ADC, Sensors, Interfacing
a Stepper Motor, 8051 interfacing to the keyboard, Interfacing a DAC to the 8051, 8255 Interfacing
with 8031/51, 8051/31 interfacing to external memory
TEXT BOOKS
[T1]
Raj Kamal, Embedded Systems, TMH, 2004.
[T2]
M.A. Mazidi and J. G. Mazidi, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, PHI, 2004.
REFERENCE BOOKS
[R1]
David E. Simon, An Embedded Software Primer, Pearson Education, 1999.
[R2]
K.J. Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller, Penram International, 1991.
[R3]
Dr. Rajiv Kapadia, 8051 Microcontroller & Embedded Systems, Jaico Press
[R4]
Dr. Prasad, Embedded Real Time System, Wiley Dreamtech, 2004.

EMBEDDED SYSTEM
FIRST TERM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Introduction to Embedded system

Processor in the System, Microcontroller, Memory Devices, Embedded System Project Management
Real Time Operating Systems: OS (Windows CE) Services, I/O Subsystem
Tasks and Threads, Problem of Sharing Data by Multiple Tasks
Inter-process Communication and Synchronization of Processes (UNIT I, II)
Interrupt Routines in RTOS Environment, RTOS Task Scheduling model, Interrupt Latency and
Response times of the tasks.
Microcontroller and Embedded Processors, Overview of 8051 Microcontroller family
Architecture, basic assembly language programming concepts
The program Counter and ROM Spaces in the 8051, Data types, 8051 Flag Bits ad PSW Register, 8051
Register Banks and Stack Instruction set, Loop and Jump Instructions, Call Instructions
Time delay generations and calculations, I/O port programming, Addressing Modes, accessing
memory using various addressing modes
Arithmetic instructions and programs, Logical instructions, BCD and ASCII application programs
Single-bit instruction programming, Reading input pins vs. port Latch, Programming of 8051 Timers,
Counter Programming

SECOND TERM
13. ESD and Co-design issues in System development Process, Design cycle in the development phase
for an embedded system
14. Use of target system or its emulator and In-circuit emulator
15. Use of software tools for development of an ES
16. Basics of Bus Communication (UNIT I, III, IV)
17. Overview of RS-232, I2C Bus
18. UART, USB
19. 8051 connections to RS-232, 8051 serial communication programming
20. 8051 interrupts, Programming of timer interrupts
21. Programming of External hardware interrupts
22. Programming of the serial communication interrupts, Interrupt priority in the 8051
23. Basics of Interfacing with 8051
24. 8051 interfacing to ADC, Sensors
25. Interfacing a Stepper Motor
26. 8051 interfacing to external memory

THIRD TERM
27.
28.
29.
30.

8051 interfacing to the keyboard

Interfacing a DAC to the 8051 (UNIT IV)
8255 Interfacing with 8031
8255 Interfacing with 8051

EMBEDDED SYSTEM LAB

Lab Assistant: Mr. Anuj Kumar
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

LAB CODE: ETEC 454

1. WAP for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division of two 8-bit numbers. Use
registers A and B to store the numbers and the result in successive RAM locations
starting from 30H.
2. WAP to clear the contents of RAM locations 30H-7FH and then read the data from
port P1 and P2 and store it at even and odd memory locations respectively.
3. WAP to find the number of 1s in data bytes 00H, 55H, 7FH stored in RAM locations
30H, 31H, 32H and 33H respectively and finally the register number having
maximum number of 1s to PORT 1.
4. WAP to glow 8-LEDs in the following patterns at regular intervals:
A) All LED'S ON.
B) LED' S alternately ON.
C) One LED on at a time and then rotating towards left.
5. WAP to read the status of 2X2 keypad and depending upon which key is pressed,
turn on corresponding LED but if more than one key is pressed, blink all the 8-LEDs
indicating error condition.
6. WAP to initialize serial port with (9600 baud, 1-start bit and no parity) and send
your name from the microcontroller to PC and display it on HyperTerminal.
7. WAP to make a counter of 0-9 on seven segment display.
8. WAP to generate a square wave of 2 Hz at pin p1.0 and see the status by connecting
O/P to the LED.
9. Write a program to display string "bharatividyapeeth" on the 16x2 Liquid crystal
Display.
10. WAP to read ADC continuously and if voltage is between (0-2V) then glow under
voltage LED else if voltage is (>2V and <=5V) glow normal voltage LED.

Paper Code.:
ETEC 414
Mobile Communication
UNIT-I
Introduction to Cellular Mobile Systems: A basic cellular system, performance criteria, uniqueness of
mobile radio environment, operation of cellular systems, planning a cellular system, overview of
generations of cellular systems.
Elements of Cellular Radio Systems Design and Interference: General description of the problem,
concept of frequency reuse channels, co-channel interference reduction factor, desired C/I from a
normal case in an Omni-directional antenna system, cell splitting, consideration of the components of
cellular systems, Introduction to co-channel interference, co-channel measurement design of antenna
system, antenna parameter and their effects.
UNIT- II
Cell Coverage for Signal & Antenna Structures: General introduction, obtaining the mobile point to
point mode, propagation over water or flat open area, foliage loss, propagation near in distance, long
distance propagation, point to point prediction model - characteristics, cell site, antenna heights and
signal coverage cells, mobile to mobile propagation, Characteristics of basic antenna structures,
antenna at cell site, mobile antennas.
Frequency Management & Channel Assignment, Hand Off & Dropped Calls: Frequency Management,
fixed channel assignment, non-fixed channel assignment, traffic & channel assignment, Why hand off,
types of handoff and their characteristics, dropped call rates & their evaluation.
UNIT- III
Modulation methods and coding for error detection and correction: Introduction to Digital modulation
techniques, modulation methods in cellular wireless systems, OFDM, Block Coding, convolution
coding and Turbo coding.
Multiple access techniques: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, CDMA capacity, probability of bit error
considerations, CDMA compared with TDMA.
UNIT- IV
Second generation, digital, wireless systems: GSM, IS-136 (D-AMPS), IS-95, mobile management,
voice signal processing and coding.
TEXT BOOKS
[T1]
William, C. Y. Lee, Mobile Cellular Telecommunications, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1990.
[T2]
Mischa Schwartz, Mobile Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, UK, 2005.
REFERENCE BOOKS
[R1]
Mobile Communication Hand Books, 2nd Edition, IEEE Press.
[R2]
Theodore S Rappaport, Wireless Communication Principles and Practice, 2nd Edition, Pearson
Education, 2002.
[R3]
Lawrence Harte, 3G Wireless Demystified, McGraw Hill Publications, 2001 .
[R4]
Kaveh Pahlavan and Prashant Krishnamurthy, Principles of Wireless Networks, PHI, 2001 .

MOBILE COMMUNICATION
FIRST TERM
1. Introduction to Cellular Mobile Systems
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

A basic cellular system, Performance criteria,

Uniqeness of mobile radio environment,
Operation of cellular systems,
Planning of cellular systems,
Overview of generations of cellular systems,

2. Elements of Cellular Radio Systems Design and Interference

a.
b.
c.
d.

General description of the problem. Concept of frequency reuse channels, co-channel interference
Co-channel interference reduction factor, Desired C/I from a normal antenna system, Cell splitting
Consideration of the components of cellular systems
Co-channel interference measurement. Design of antenna system, Antenna parameter and their effects

3. Cell Coverage For Signal and Traffic

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

General introduction, Obtaining the mobile point to point model

Propagation over water or flat open area, Foliage loss
Propagation in near-in distance, Long distance propagation
Point to point prediction model - characteristics,
Cell site antenna heights and signal coverage cells, Mobile to mobile propagation

SECOND TERM
4. Antenna Structures
a.
b.

Characteristics of basic antenna structures,

Antenna at cell site, Mobile antennas

5. Frequency Management and Channel Assignment

a.
b.
6.

Frequency management, Fixed channel assignment

Non fixed channel assignment, Traffic and channel assignment

Hand Off and Dropped Calls

a. Why hand off, Types of hand offs and their characteristics
b . Dropped call rates and their evaluation

7.

Modulation Methods and Coding for Error Detection and Correction

a.
b.

Introduction to digital modulation techniques, Modulation methods in cellular wireless systems

OFDM, Block coding, Convolutional coding, and Turbo coding

THIRD TERM
8. Multiple Access Techniques
a.
b.
c.

FDMA, TDMA,
CDMA, CDMA capacity,
Probability of bit error considerations, CDMA compared with TDMA

9. Second Generation Digital Wireless Systems

a.
b.
c.

GSM
IS- 136 (D-AMPS), IS 95
Mobile management, Voice signal processing and coding