ICS Lab Manual Student Version

ECE-3316 : I NTEGRATED C IRCUITS & S YSTEMS
Laboratory Manual
N AME :
R EGISTRATION #:
S ECTION :
Last Revision : M ar c , 2015

Version : 2.2
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Basic BJT Current Mirror
Wilson BJT Current Mirror
Widlar BJT Current Mirror
Frequency Response of Common Emitter Amplifier
13
Frequency Response of Emitter Degenerate Amplifier
18
Differential Amplifier
22
Multistage Amplifier
28
Negative Feedback in Amplifiers
33
Passive Filters Using Second Order LCR Resonator
40
10 Active Filters Using Inductor Replacement
44
11 KHN Biquad Filter
49
12 Single Amplifier Biquad Filter
53
13 Wien-Bridge Oscillator
57
14 Phase-Shift Oscillator
60
15 Triangular and Square Wave Generation
63
16 Feedback and Non-Linear Distortion
66
i of i
LABORATORY SESSION #

1.1
Equipment
Components
1.2
Procedure
1.3
Observations and Results
Model/Values
Quantity
1. Does the output current vary with the change in the output voltage?
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
TABLES C ORRECT [+1]
TABLES I NCORRECT [1]
O BSERVATIONS C ORRECT [+1]
O BSERVATIONS I NCORRECT [1]
Q UESTIONS C ORRECT [+1]
Q UESTIONS I NCORRECT [1]
ECE-3316
I NTEGRATED C IRCUITS & S YSTEMS
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 1
Figure 1.1: Basic BJT Current Mirror
Table 1.1: Variation of
IO
I Re f
with VO
For Q1
Simulated
Practical
Rr e f
Rr e f
Ir e f
Ir e f
VC E1
VC E1
VB E
VB E
For Q2
RL
Output Voltage At
Q2, VO (V)
Simulated
Practical
Output Current Thru

Q2, IO (A)
Simulated
Practical
Transfer Ratio =
IO
IRef
Simulated
Practical
"
% Error# =
|IO IRef |
100
IRef
Simulated
Practical
100
470
1 k
3.3 k
4.7 k
10 k
11 k
15 k
2 of 72
ECE-3316
1.4
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 1
Questions
1. What is the minimum voltage required at the collector of Q2 so that Q2 operates in active mode and
behaves like a current mirror?
2. What is the maximum value of R L that can be connected to this circuit for it to operate as a current
mirror?
3. Explain why a big dip in the value of output current IO is observed when R L = 15 k is attached?
4. Plot V I characteristics of the transistor Q2 on the graph-paper provided in figure 1.2 and calculate
an approximate value of output resistance R out ?
5. The value of output resistance R out for the current mirror as found out in question 4 can be categorized as: [Tick one]
Low
Moderate
High
6. Why is high output resistance desirable for a current source?
7. What factors need to be improved upon in this implementation of Basic BJT Current Mirror?
3 of 72
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 1
Io (A)
500
480
460
440
420
400
380
360
340
320
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
Vo (V )
Figure 1.2: Graph Paper for Io ~ Vo plot of Basic Current Mirror
4 of 72

2.1
Equipment
Components
2.2
Model/Values
Quantity
Procedure
Table 2.1: Reference Current and Resistor Values

Simulated
Practical
R Re f
R Re f
I Re f
I Re f
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 2
Figure 2.1: Wilson BJT Current Mirror

RL
Output Voltage At
VC E3
Q3, VO (V)
Simulated
Practical
IO
I Re f
with VO
Output Current Thru

Q3, IO (A)
Simulated
Practical
Simulated
Practical
Transfer Ratio =
IO
IRef
Simulated
Practical
100
470
1 k
3.3 k
4.7 k
10 k
11 k
15 k
6 of 72
ECE-3316
2.3
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 2
2.4
Questions
1. How does the Wilson BJT current mirror compare with the basic BJT current mirror in terms of transfer ratio I IO ?
Re f
2. What is the minimum voltage required at the collector of Q3 so that the Wilson current mirror operates in active mode and behaves like a current mirror?
4. Plot V I characteristics of the Wilson current mirror on the graph-paper provided in figure 2.2 and
calculate an approximate value of output resistance R out ?
Low
Moderate
High
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ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 2
Io (A)
400
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
Vo (V )
Figure 2.2: Graph for Io ~ Vo plot of Wilson Current Source

7. What is the maximum load that can be connected to this Wilson current source?
8. Design a Wilson current mirror that produces an output current of 1 m A.
8 of 72

3.1
Equipment
Components
3.2
Procedure
3.3
Model/Values
Quantity
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 3
Figure 3.1: Widlar BJT Current Mirror
Table 3.1: Reference Current and Resistor Values

Simulated
Practical
R Re f
R Re f
I Re f
I Re f
RL
Practical
with VO
VC E1
Output Voltage At
Q1, VO (V)
Simulated
IO
I Re f
Simulated
Output Current Thru

Q1, IO (A)
Practical
Simulated
Practical
100
1 k
3.3 k
4.7 k
10 k
33 k
47 k
56 k
70 k
100 k
10 of 72
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 3
Io (A)
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
Vo (V )
Figure 3.2: Graph Paper for Io ~ Vo plot of Widlar Current Source
3.4
Questions
1. What is the minimum voltage required at the collector of Q1 so that the Widlar current mirror operates in active mode and behaves like a current mirror?
3. Plot V I characteristics of the Widlar current mirror on the graph-paper provided in figure 3.2 and
calculate an approximate value of output resistance R out ?
11 of 72
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Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 3
Low
Moderate
High
6. What is the maximum load that can be connected to this Widlar current source?
7. What is the advantage of using Widlar current mirror?
12 of 72

4.1
Equipment
Components
4.2
Model/Values
Quantity
Procedure
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 4
Table 4.1: Biasing Currents and Voltages for Common-Emitter Amplifier

Voltages
Currents
VB (V )
VC (V )
VE (V )
I B (A)
IC (m A)
I E (m A)
Simulated
Practical
Simulated
Practical
Table 4.2: Effect of C e on A and f L .
Ce
vo
v si g
100 F
10 F
1 F
100 nF
10 nF
A=
vo
v si g
0.7 vo
fL
14 of 72
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 4
Figure 4.1: Biasing of Common-Emitter Amplifier
Figure 4.2: Attching AC Signal Source to Common-Emitter Amplifier
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Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 4
(a) Step 1
(b) Step 2
(c) Step 3
Figure 4.3: Setting-up AC Analysis
Figure 4.4: f H Calculation from AC-Sweep Plot
Table 4.3: Effect of R L on A, f H and fT .

RL
vo
A=
v si g
vo
v si g
0.7 vo
fH
fT = A f H
1 k
10 k
100 k
Table 4.4: Variation of A with f .(Use C e = 100 F and R L = 10 k)

f
10 Hz
100 Hz
1 kHz
Vo
Simulated Practical
Vo
Simulated Practical
10 kHz
100 kHz
1 MHz
Vo
Simulated Practical
10 MHz
100 MHz
1 GHz
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ECE-3316
4.3
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 4
1. How does the variation in C e affect A and f L ? Narrate your observations with reference to table 4.2.
2. How does the variation in R L affect A and f H ? Narrate your observations with reference to table 4.3.
3. How does A change with f ? Narrate your observations with reference to table 4.4.
4.4
Questions
1. Verify that the transistor Q1 is properly biased to operate in Active-Mode from the voltage and current values obtained in table 4.1.
2. What is the range of voltages available for output swing in the circuit biased as shown in figure 4.1?
17 of 72

5.1
Equipment
Components
5.2
Model/Values
Quantity
Procedure
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 5
Figure 5.1: Emitter-Degenerate Amplifier

Table 5.1: Effect of R L on A, f H and fT .(Use R e = 100 )
RL
VO
Vsi g
A=
VO
Vsi g
0.7 VO
fH
fT = A f H
1 k
10 k
100 k
5.3
1. How does the variation in R L affect A and f H ? Narrate your observations with reference to tables 5.1
and 5.2.
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Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 5
Table 5.2: Effect of R L on A, f H and fT .(Use R e = 200 )

VO
RL
A=
Vsi g
VO
Vsi g
0.7 VO
fH
fT = A f H
fH
fT = A f H
1 k
10 k
100 k
Table 5.3: Effect of R e on A, f H and fT .(Use R L = 10 k)
VO
Re
A=
Vsi g
VO
Vsi g
0.7 VO
10
20
50
100
2. How does the variation in R e affect A and f H ? Narrate your observations with reference to table 5.3.
3. How does A change with f ? Narrate your observations with reference to table 5.4.
5.4
Questions
1. How does the Millers Effect influence the gain ~ bandwidth tradeoff in emitter-degenerate amplifiers?
Table 5.4: Variation of A with f .(Use C e = 100 F , R e = 100 and R L = 10 k)

f
10 Hz
100 Hz
1 kHz
VO
Simulated Practical
VO
Simulated Practical
10 kHz
100 kHz
1 MHz
VO
Simulated Practical
10 MHz
100 MHz
1 GHz
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Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 5
2. Out of common-emitter and emitter-degenerate, which configuration will generally exhibit a greater
bandwidth?
3. Out of common-emitter and emitter-degenerate, which configuration will generally exhibit a greater
gain?
21 of 72
6.1
Equipment
Components
6.2
Model/Values
Quantity
Procedure
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
ECE-3316
6.3
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 6
1. How does the variation in R E1 and R E2 affect the linear region? Narrate your observations with reference to steps ?? to ?? and corresponding graphs.
23 of 72
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 6
Figure 6.1: Widlar Current Mirror for Biasing Differential Amplifier
Figure 6.2: Differential Amplifier
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Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 6
(a) Attaching DC Voltage Source
(b) Setting-up DC Analysis
Figure 6.3: Performing DC Analysis on Differential Amplifier
ICQ3,Q4
ICQ1
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Vid (mV ) -125 -100
-75
-50
-25
25
50
75
100
125 +Vid (mV )
Figure 6.4: Graph for Determining Linear Range without R e
ICQ3,Q4
ICQ1
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Vid (mV ) -250 -200 -150 -100
-50
50
100
150
200
250 +Vid (mV )
Figure 6.5: Graph for Determining Linear Range with R e = 200
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Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 6
ICQ3,Q4
ICQ1
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Vid (mV ) -250 -200 -150 -100
-50
50
100
150
200
250 +Vid (mV )
ICQ3,Q4
ICQ1
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Vid (mV ) -250 -200 -150 -100
-50
50
100
150
200
250 +Vid (mV )
ICQ3,Q4
ICQ1
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Vid (mV ) -250 -200 -150 -100
-50
50
100
150
200
250 +Vid (mV )
Figure 6.8: Merging Figures for Linear Range with R e = 0 600
26 of 72
ECE-3316
6.4
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 6
Questions
1. Calculate the range of biasing voltages, VC M M I N and VC M M AX , that can be applied to the differential
pair shown in the figure 6.2.
27 of 72
7.1
Equipment
Components
7.2
Model/Values
Quantity
Procedure
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
ECE-3316
Ad = VO/Vi
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 7
100
1k
10 k
100 k
1M
10 M
100 M
1G
f (H z )
1G
f (H z )
Figure 7.1: Graph paper for plotting Ad ~ f

Ac m = VO/Vi
cm
100
1k
10 k
100 k
1M
10 M
100 M
Figure 7.2: Graph paper for plotting Ac m ~ f
29 of 72
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 7
Table 7.1: Configuration of Individual Stages

Stage #
1
Transistors Used
Configuration
Q1 & Q2
Differential Amplifier with Resistive Load and Differential Output
2
3
4
Table 7.2: DC Currents of All Transistors

Transistor
Hand Analysis
Pspice
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
30 of 72
ECE-3316
7.3
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 7
1. How does the differential and common-mode gain relate with eachother. Refer to the plots in figures 7.1
and 7.2.
7.4
Questions
1. Calculate the gain of individual stages of the multistage amplifier shown in figure 7.3.
31 of 72
ECE-3316
32 of 72
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 7
Figure 7.3: Multistage Amplifier

8.1
Equipment
Components
8.2
Model/Values
Quantity
Procedure
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
ECE-3316
8.3
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 8
1. Which type of gain is observed to be greater and why?. [Tick One]

C l ose d l oop G ain
O pen l oop G ain
Bot ar e S ame
34 of 72
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 8
A = VOU T /Vsi g
100
1k
10 k
100 k
1M
10 M
100 M
1G
f (H z )
Figure 8.1: Graph paper for plotting A f ~ f
(a) Step 1
(b) Step 2
Figure 8.2: Setting-up Transient Analysis
35 of 72
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Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 8
VOU T (V )
Figure 8.3: Graph paper for plotting VOU T ~t
A = VOU T /Vsi g
100
1k
10 k
100 k
1M
10 M
100 M
1G
f (H z )
Figure 8.4: Graph paper for plotting A ~ f
36 of 72
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Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 8
VOU T (V )
2. The bandwidth obtained in circuit with feedback was greater or lesser than in the circuit without
feedback and why?
8.4
Questions
1. Is the output voltage obtained in A-circuit clipped from top and bottom and why?
37 of 72
ECE-3316
38 of 72
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 8
Figure 8.6: Amplifier with Negative Feedback
ECE-3316
39 of 72
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 8
Figure 8.7: Equivalent A-Circuit of the Amplifier in Figure 8.6

9.1
Equipment
Components
9.2
Model/Values
Quantity
Procedure
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 9
Figure 9.1: Low-Pass Filter Implemented Using Second Order LCR Resonator
9.3
1. How does the frequency response of the low-pass filter change by changing the value of the quality
factor, Q?
41 of 72
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 9
T = |VOU T /Vsi g |
100
1k
10 k
100 k
1M
10 M
100 M
Figure 9.2: Graph paper for plotting T ~ f with fo = 100 k H z and Q =
1
2
1G
f (H z )
0.707, Q = 1, Q = 0.5
T = VOU T /Vsi g

pe ak
pe ak
100
1k
10 k
100 k
1M
10 M
100 M
1
2
1G
f (H z )
0.707 from Practical Data
Table 9.1: Component Values for Low-Pass Filter Implemented Using Second Order LCR Resonator
Filter Type
Corner
Frequency,
fo = 1
2 LC
Quality
Factor,
Q = 2 fo C R
1
2
0.707
Resistor, R
Low-Pass
100 k H z
Low-Pass
100 k H z
1 k
Low-Pass
100 k H z
0.5
1 k
Low-Pass
100 H z
0.707
1 k
1
2
Capacitor, C
Inductor, L
1 k
42 of 72
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 9
Table 9.2: Frequency Response of Low-Pass Filter Implemented Using Second Order LCR Resonator
Frequency, f
Magnitude,
T =
VOU T /V
si g

pe ak
Attenuation,
20l o g T dB
Frequency, f
Magnitude,
T =
VOU T /V
si g

pe ak
pe ak
100 H z
1 kH z
10 k H z
100 k H z
1MHz
10 M H z
Attenuation,
20l o g T dB
pe ak
2. Is the value of inductor obtained as calculated in procedure practical?
9.4
Questions
1. Draw the figure of a high-pass filter implemented using LCR resonator.
2. Calculate the value of capacitor, C and inductor, L for a corner frequency fo = 100 k H z with quality
factor Q = 1 and resistor R = 1 k for a high-pass filter.
2
43 of 72
10
Active Filters Using Inductor Replacement

10.1
Equipment
Components
OpAmps
Resistors
Capacitors
Power supply DC
Function Generator
Oscilloscope
DMM
10.2
Model/Values
741/358
Multiple
Multiple
15 V
Available
Available
Available
Quantity
2
5
2
1
1
1
1
Procedure
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
ECE-3316
10.3
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 10
1. How does the frequency response of the low-pass filter change by changing the value of the quality
factor, Q?
2. Is the value of resistors and capacitors obtained as calculated in procedure practical?
45 of 72
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 10
Figure 10.1: Low-Pass Filter Implemented Using Antoniou Inductor Replacement
T = |VOU T /Vsi g |
100
1k
10 k
100 k
1M
10 M
100 M
1
2
1G
f (H z )
0.707, Q = 1, Q = 0.5
46 of 72
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 10
T = VOU T /Vsi g

pe ak
pe ak
100
1k
10 k
1M
100 k
10 M
100 M
1
2
1G
f (H z )
0.707 from Practical Data
Table 10.1: Component Values for Low-Pass Filter Implemented Using Antoniou Inductor Replacement
Circuit
Quality
Factor,
Q = RR6
Resistor, R 6
Filter Type
Corner
Frequency,
1
fo = 2C
R
Low-Pass
100 k H z
Low-Pass
100 k H z
1 k
Low-Pass
100 k H z
0.5
1 k
Low-Pass
100 H z
0.707
1 k
1
2
1
2
0.707
Capacitor,
C = C6 = C4
Inductor,
L = C R2
Resistor, R
1 k
Table 10.2: Frequency Response of Low-Pass Filter Implemented Using Antoniou Inductor Replacement
Circuit
Frequency, f
Magnitude,
T =
VOU T /V
si g

pe ak
Attenuation,
20l o g T dB
Frequency, f
pe ak
pe ak
100 H z
1 kH z
10 k H z
100 k H z
1MHz
10 M H z
Magnitude,
T =
VOU T /V
si g

Attenuation,
20l o g T dB
pe ak
47 of 72
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10.4
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 10
Questions
1. Draw the figure of a high-pass filter implemented using LCR resonator with L replaced by Antoniou
Inductor Replacement circuit.
2. Calculate the value of capacitor, C and resistor, R for a corner frequency fo = 100 k H z with quality
factor Q = 1 and resistor R 6 = 1 k for a high-pass filter.
2
48 of 72
11
KHN Biquad Filter

11.1
Equipment
Components
11.2
Model/Values
Quantity
Procedure
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 11
Figure 11.1: High-Pass Filter Implemented Using KHN Biquad

Table 11.1: High-Pass, Bandpass and Low-Pass Filters Implemented Using KHN Biquad
Frequency
f
Magnitude Magnitude Magnitude Frequency

f
|VO1 | =
|VO2 | =
|VO3 | =
VO1 /V
VO2 /V
VO3 /V
si g
si g
si g

pe ak
pe ak
pe ak
pe ak
pe ak
pe ak
10 H z
100 H z
1 kH z
10 k H z
100 k H z
1MHz
KHN Biquad Filter
Magnitude Magnitude Magnitude

|VO1 | =
|VO2 | =
|VO3 | =
VO1 /V
VO2 /V
VO3 /V
si g
si g
si g

pe ak
pe ak
pe ak
pe ak
pe ak
pe ak
50 of 72
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 11
VO1, VO2, VO3
4k
8k
12 k
16 k
20 k
24 k
28 k
32 k
f (H z )
Figure 11.2: Graph paper for plotting VO1, VO2, VO3 ~ f with fo = 10 k H z
VO1, VO2, VO3
10
100
1k
10 k
100 k
1M
10 M
100 M
f (H z )
Figure 11.3: Graph paper for plotting VO1, VO2, VO3 ~ f with fo = 10 k H z from Practical Data
KHN Biquad Filter
51 of 72
ECE-3316
11.3
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 11
1. Does the KHN Biquad circuit provide the outputs of high-pass, bandpass and low-pass filters simultaneously around a central frequency fo ?
11.4
Questions
1. Design a High-Pass filter using KHN Biquad circuit. Calculate the values of resistors R, R 2 and R 3
when fo = 10 k H z, Q = 15, K = 2, R 1 = R f = 10 k and C = 1 nF .
KHN Biquad Filter
52 of 72
12
Single Amplifier Biquad Filter

12.1
Equipment
Components
12.2
Model/Values
Quantity
Procedure
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 12
Figure 12.1: Low-Pass Filter Implemented Using Single Amplifier Biquad
12.3
1. What is the corner frequency, f 3 dB obtained from the AC sweep performed in step ?? of "Procedure" as
plotted in figure 12.2?
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Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 12
VOU T
f (H z )
Figure 12.2: Graph paper for plotting VOU T ~ f with fo = 4 k H z
VOU T
10
100
1k
10 k
100 k
1M
10 M
100 M
f (H z )
Figure 12.3: Graph paper for plotting VOU T ~ f with fo = 4 k H z from Practical Data
Table 12.1: Frequency Response of Low-Pass Filter Implemented Using Single Amplifier Biquad Circuit
Frequency, f
Magnitude,
T =
VOU T /V
si g

pe ak
Attenuation,
20l o g T dB
Frequency, f
pe ak
pe ak
100 H z
1 kH z
10 k H z
100 k H z
1MHz
10 M H z
Magnitude,
T =
VOU T /V
si g

Attenuation,
20l o g T dB
pe ak
55 of 72
ECE-3316
12.4
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 12
Questions
1. Draw the figure of a High-Pass filter using Single Amplifier Biquad circuit. Use the values of resistors
R 3 = R 4 = 10 k and take fo = 4 k H z and Q = 1 . Calculate the value of C 1 and C 2 .
2
56 of 72
13
Wien-Bridge Oscillator
13.1
Equipment
Components
13.2
Model/Values
Quantity
Procedure
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 13
Figure 13.1: Wien-Bridge Oscillator
13.3
1. Does the amplitude of the output signal, VOU T remain constant or keeps increasing?
13.4
Questions
1. Draw and design a Voltage Limiter circuit to the oscillator designed in Procedure to limit the output
voltage, VOU T to 8 V .
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Lab. # 13
VOU T (V )
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14
Phase-Shift Oscillator
14.1
Equipment
Components
14.2
Model/Values
Quantity
Procedure
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 14
Figure 14.1: Phase-Shift Oscillator
14.3
1. Does the amplitude of the output signal, VOU T remain constant or keeps increasing?
14.4
Questions
1. Draw and design a Voltage Limiter circuit to the oscillator designed in Procedure to limit the output
voltage, VOU T to 8 V .
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Lab. # 14
VOU T (V )
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15
Triangular and Square Wave Generation

15.1
Equipment
Components
15.2
Model/Values
Quantity
Procedure
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
ECE-3316
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 15
Figure 15.1: Triangular and Square Wave Generation Using Bistable Multivibrator and Integrator
15.3
1. At what threshold voltages, VT H and VT L , does the square wave change from L + to L and vice versa.
Refer to figure 15.2 for the answer.
15.4
Questions
1. Calculate the values of resistor R and R 2 when R 1 = 20 k and C = 0.01 F . Take the peak voltage
of the triangular wave at the output of the integrator circuit to be 6 V and its frequency of oscillation,
fo to be 10 k H z.
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Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 15
VOU T (V )
Figure 15.2: Graph paper for plotting VO 1 , VO 2 ~t
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16
Feedback and Non-Linear Distortion

16.1
Equipment
Components
16.2
Model/Values
Quantity
Procedure
T IMELY [+2]
L ATE [1]
V ERY L ATE [2]
ECE-3316
16.3
Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 16
1. For what circuit, the output had minimum distortion?
16.4
Questions
1. Can the class AB output stage as shown in figure 16.3 be biased in any other way other than using the
diodes? If yes, draw the diagram of biasing a class AB output stage using a circuit other than diodes.
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Lab. # 16
Figure 16.1: Circuit 1
Figure 16.2: Circuit 2: Class B Output Stage Added
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Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 16
Figure 16.3: Circuit 3: Class AB Output Stage Added
Figure 16.4: Circuit 4: Class B Output Stage with Feedback Added
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Lab. # 16
VOU T (V )
Figure 16.5: Graph paper for plotting Vin , Vout ~t for Circuit 1
VOU T (V )
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Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 16
VOU T (V )
VOU T (V )
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Laboratory Manual
Lab. # 16
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ECE-3316 : I NTEGRATED C IRCUITS & S YSTEMS

Last Revision : M ar c , 2015

Basic BJT Current Mirror

Wilson BJT Current Mirror

Widlar BJT Current Mirror

Frequency Response of Common Emitter Amplifier

Frequency Response of Emitter Degenerate Amplifier

Negative Feedback in Amplifiers

Passive Filters Using Second Order LCR Resonator

10 Active Filters Using Inductor Replacement

11 KHN Biquad Filter

12 Single Amplifier Biquad Filter

15 Triangular and Square Wave Generation

16 Feedback and Non-Linear Distortion

Basic BJT Current Mirror

Observations and Results

Figure 1.1: Basic BJT Current Mirror

Table 1.1: Variation of

Output Current Thru

Basic BJT Current Mirror

Basic BJT Current Mirror

Figure 1.2: Graph Paper for Io ~ Vo plot of Basic Current Mirror

Basic BJT Current Mirror

Wilson BJT Current Mirror

Table 2.1: Reference Current and Resistor Values

Figure 2.1: Wilson BJT Current Mirror

Table 2.2: Variation of

Output Current Thru

Wilson BJT Current Mirror

Observations and Results

Wilson BJT Current Mirror

Figure 2.2: Graph for Io ~ Vo plot of Wilson Current Source

8. Design a Wilson current mirror that produces an output current of 1 m A.

Wilson BJT Current Mirror

Widlar BJT Current Mirror

Observations and Results

Figure 3.1: Widlar BJT Current Mirror

Table 3.1: Reference Current and Resistor Values

Table 3.2: Variation of

Output Current Thru

Widlar BJT Current Mirror

Figure 3.2: Graph Paper for Io ~ Vo plot of Widlar Current Source

Widlar BJT Current Mirror

7. What is the advantage of using Widlar current mirror?

Widlar BJT Current Mirror

Frequency Response of Common Emitter Amplifier

Table 4.1: Biasing Currents and Voltages for Common-Emitter Amplifier

Frequency Response of Common Emitter Amplifier

Figure 4.1: Biasing of Common-Emitter Amplifier

Figure 4.2: Attching AC Signal Source to Common-Emitter Amplifier

Frequency Response of Common Emitter Amplifier

Figure 4.3: Setting-up AC Analysis

Figure 4.4: f H Calculation from AC-Sweep Plot

Table 4.3: Effect of R L on A, f H and fT .

Table 4.4: Variation of A with f .(Use C e = 100 F and R L = 10 k)

Frequency Response of Common Emitter Amplifier

Observations and Results

Frequency Response of Common Emitter Amplifier

Frequency Response of Emitter Degenerate Amplifier

Figure 5.1: Emitter-Degenerate Amplifier

Observations and Results

Frequency Response of Emitter Degenerate Amplifier

Table 5.2: Effect of R L on A, f H and fT .(Use R e = 200 )

Table 5.4: Variation of A with f .(Use C e = 100 F , R e = 100 and R L = 10 k)