Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
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University of California
SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY
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#99
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PRICE, $1.25
CoPYRIGHT, 1902, BY
LIEUT. E. L. BEACH, U. S. N.
Sec. and Treas. U. S. Naval Institute
BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A.
V
|23
f*
WILLIAM H. MOODY,
Secretary.
1-2S245
PREFACE
This Drill Book is designed specially for the use and informa
tion of petty officers and enlisted men. It is a compilation,
the different parts of which are taken from authorized Drill
Regulations and text-books.
Part I.
Part III. Gun and Torpedo Drills and Instructions for Care
and Handling; Small Arms.
PREFACE.
ing it.
Part I,
ABBREVIATIONS.
bg. C. . . . . . . . . Brigade Commander.
bt. C. . . . . . . . . Battalion Commander.
C. C. . . . . . . . .
Company Commander.
adj. . . . . . . . . . Adjutant.
bg. adj. . . . . . Brigade Adjutant.
by C. . . . . . . . . Battery Commander.
C. . . . . . . . . . Commanders.
cs. 0.s.. . . . . Chiefs of Section.
pt. C. . . . . . . . Platoon Commander.
c. 0.s.. . . . . . Chief of Section.
sig. . . . . . . . . . Signalmen.
all. . . . . . . . . Ammunition Party.
InS. . . . . . . . . . Messmen.
amb. . . . . . . . . Ambulance Party.
-
PART I
LANDING FORCE
AND
>
.*
[.
CONTENTS
... e.
o:
30-52
53-69
Color Guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70-72
20-2)
7t
73-75
7683
IO4
LANDING
FORCE
Special Details.
(3.) The quantity and kind of provisions will depend upon the
the base, and upon
Article.
*
1.
10.
1.
-
-10
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
OZ.
small bags.
R"
the Geneva
LANDING FoRCE.
*=
Plate 1. Art. 18 (1.)
Fully equipped.
Without overcoat.
LANDING FORCE.
10
---
"...,
##
sack snugly; shoes tucked down, one on each side, soles out
ward, heels up, and flush with top of clothing; cap, cap covers,
and socks on top of all, then make fast the tie-ties.
and stopped, the roll placed over the left shoulder, with both
ends of the roll secured together under the right arm.
by(5)
buttoning
over them
the beckets
thatrolled
securelengthwise
the flap. inside
. .
The overcoat,
if carried,
to be
the rubber blanket.
(6.) Rain clothes, if carried in place of rubber
ill
be rolled and secured in the same manner as the rubber' :
(7.) The cup will be secured by the loop on the bottom
the knapsack.
II
blanket,
LANDING FORCE.
Arms.
ever the special details are lightly equipped, or when the circu:
stances of service may require the change. Boat-keepers sh
be armed with the rifle.
28. (I.) The bg. adj., signal officer, and aids, will perfor
such duties as may be assigned them by the bg. C.
(2.) The quartermaster will have general charge of the oper
tions of the pioneers; will supervise the details of transport
tion, and will provide quarters and camp equipage when neede
I2
LANDING FORCE.
13
will prepare for the bg. C., hygienic and hospital regulations, and
will make such recommendations as he may deem necessary for
the preservation of the health of the command.
may require it, such battalion may take its quota of the special
details.
The Landing.
30. When a landing is contemplated, the commander-in-chief
indicates the character of the landing party from each ship, the
number of sections, and the number and kind of pieces of artillery.
31. (I.) When the brigade is to
be landed, the boats of each ship's
A.
landing force will form in col24.
umn on the starboard (or port)
()
Line of columns.
I3
14
LANDING FoRCE.
beached, and any portion of the landing force that may have
taken passage in them will be ferried to and from the shore in
pulling boats.
LANDING FoRCE.
15
plete, in each boat, the men being seated by squads from bow
to stern, ready to deploy the instant the boats strike the beach.
(2.) Signalmen will land with the bt. Cs. and bg. cs.
(3.) The marines, in complete squads or sections, will be as
signed to the several boats conveying the infantry and artillery.
(4.) The special details will be concentrated in one boat, if
practicable; if not, then they will be distributed among the
larger boats.
The Advance.
43. As soon as the landing force has left the boats, the latter
will be hauled off to their anchors, with stern lines to the beach.
Each artillery boat will be made ready to mount its gun.
I5
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LANDING FORCE.
17
17
53. In the text, the posts of the officers and p. 0s. are speci
fied; but, as instructors, they go wherever their presence is
necessary.
18
DRILL REGULATIONS
FOR
INFANTRY.
I9
"
(2.) When the recruits have learned how to take their places,
they are required to do so without assistance from the instructor,
at the command, fall in.
Position of Attention.
59. Heels on the same line, and as near each other as the
conformation of the man permits; feet turned out equally, and
20
21
The Rests.
I. Squad, 2. ATTENTION.
DISMISSED.
Facings.
inches to the rear, and three inches to the left of the left heel,
without changing the position of the left foot. At the second
command, turn upon the left heel and right toe, face to the rear
hand,
P'".
The Steps.
66. The length of the full step in quick time is thirty inches,
measured from heel to heel, and the cadence is at the rate of
one hundred and twenty steps per minute.
(2.) At the first command, throw the weight of the body upon
the right leg, without bending the left knee. At the second
command, carry the left foot straight forward thirty inches from
the right, measuring from heel to heel, the sole near the ground,
the knee straight and slightly turned out; at the same time
throw the weight of the body forward, and plant the foot with
out shock, the weight of the body resting upon it; then advance
and plant the right foot, and, in like manner, continue the
march. The instructor indicates the cadence of the step from
time to time, by calling, one, two, three, four, or left, right, the
23
Double Time.
Short Step.
Side Step.
72. Being at a halt:
(I.) Carry the right foot twelve inches to the right; as soon
as the right foot is planted, bring the left foot beside it; con
Back Step.
1. Backward, 2. MARCH.
(1.) Step back with the left foot fifteen inches to the rear,
measuring from heel to heel, then with the right, and so on.
(2.) At the command, halt, bring back the foot in front to the
side of the one in rear.
ick
and in quic
24
74. The short step, side step, and back step, may be executed
from mark time, and conversely.
T0 Mark Time.
25
81. When faced to the rear in line, vacancies in the new front
rank will be temporarily filled by the men in the rear, and the
guides will step into the new front rank.
To Form the Squad.
places his elbow lightly against that of the man on his right,
and brings his shoulders and eyes in line with those of the men
84. When the squad has learned to dress quickly and well,
the guide alone is first established; the two or three files on the
flank are accurately aligned as promptly as possible to afford
a base for the remainder of the squad.
To Form Single Rank.
<-
|
f
% [ _S_
fast, the remainder of the squad takes the left step, each file
leader coming to a halt, in succession, as the interval to. his
right is filled by the rear-rank man; the rear-rank men continue
26
I.
->
J D J D . [T]
G G
[S DSDS
2
Plate 14.
Art. 86.
2.
left), 3. MARCH.
(1.) The squad steps off, the guide marching straight to the
front; the rear-rank men cover their file-leaders, and follow
them as described in art. 79.
(2.) The instructor will see that the men yield to pressure
from the side of the guide, and resist pressure from the oppo
site direction; that they gradually recover the alignment, if lost,
by slightly shortening or lengthening the step; and that while
26
27
(I.) At the first command, the rear rank opens out to forty
eight inches. At the second command, given as the right foot
strikes the ground, advance and plant the left foot; turn on the
balls of both feet, face to the right about, and immediately step off
with the left foot; the new rear rank closes up to standard distance.
(2) If marching in double time, turn to the right about, tak
ing four short steps in place, keeping the cadence, and then step
off with the left foot.
'ront-rank man is the guide; the men cover in file and keep
slosed to facing distance.
(2) If at a halt:
Left)
28
(1.) At the second command, each man half faces to the right
and at the same time steps off in the new direction. He pre
serves his relative position, keeping his shoulders parallel t
those of the man next on his right, and so regulates his ste
as to make the head of this man conceal the heads of the othe
(2.) At the command, halt, the men halt, faced to the front.
(3.) To resume the original direction: I. Forward, 2. MARCI
The men half face to the left in marching, and continue to th
front. If marking time while obliquing, the oblique march
1. Oblique, 2. MARCH.
(4.) The short step will not be used in the oblique march, an
the guide is always, without indication, on the side towar
which the oblique is made.
(5.) On resuming the direct march, the guide is, without in
dication, on the side it was previous to the oblique.
(6.) If the oblique be executed from a halt, the guide is an
nounced on taking the direct march in line.
(7.) The column of files obliques by the same commands.
-
FRONT.
(1.) At the second command, the right guide (if there be one
and the right file halt, if marching, and the front-rank or piv
man faces to the right; the other files half face to the right i
marching, and without changing the length or cadence of the ste
28
29
Plate 15.
Art. 96.
Squad right.
Pl:
W'lh,
W:
''.
line,
successively
themselves
on
the
W. [..]"
place
>
new
||.
if the movement, the men already on the line halt; the others
halt on arriving on the line; all dress to the right without com
mand.
To Incline in Line.
na
urally, elbows near the body, the right hand holding the piec
31
1. Present, 2. ARMs.
Carry the piece in front of the center of the body with the
;ht hand, barrel to the rear and vertical, grasp it with the
t hand at the balance, thumb extended along the barrel, the
rearm horizontal and resting against the body.
e small of the stock with the right hand.
Present arms.
(Two) grasp
-
thand, carry the piece with the right to the right side, barrel
the rear, hand near the thigh, butt about three inches from
t ground, left hand steadying the piece above the right, fingers
113.
Beingand
at the
order;
1. Port,diagonally
2. ARMs. across the
(1) Raise
throw
the piece
2 1
body,
32
arm horizontal; left forearm resting against the body; piece nea
the body.
(2.) In the instruction of the recruit, to prevent interferent
with, or apprehension by, the man on his left, especially whe
Plate:20. Art. In elbow, left hand at the small of the stock. (Th
shoulder arms.
33
and throw
position of
port to the
port to the
order.
I. Slope, 2. ARMs.
Press the butt down quickly with the right hand and bring
the piece to the position of port arms. The second and third
motions are the same as from the order to the slope.
122. Being at the slope: I. Shoulder, 2. ARMs.
Press the butt down quickly with the left hand, and bring the
piece to the position of port arms. The second and third mo
tions are the same as from the order to the shoulder.
123. Being at the shoulder: I. Present, 2. ARMs.
Press the butt down quickly with the right hand and throw
34
front of the center of the body, barrel to the rear, and take the
position of present arms.
124. Being at the present: I. Shoulder, 2. ARMS.
Take the position of port arms. The second and third motions
are the same as from the order to the shoulder.
I. Shoulder, 2. ARMs.
I. Present, 2. ARMs.
Press the butt down quickly with the left hand, grasp the
small of the stock with the right hand, change the left hand to
the balance and take the position of port arms. (Two) Carr,
the piece to a vertical position in front of the center of thi
body, barrel to the rear, and take the position of present arms
1. Slope, 2. ARMs.
the Side.
Transfer the piece to the left side, and take a position simila
34
35
so the order; grasp the handle of the bayonet with the right
mand, back of the hand out, and at the same time press the left
forearm against the scabbard in order to steady it; draw the
bayonet from the scabbard and fix it on the barrel, glancing at
the muzzle; resume the order, and drop the left hand by the
side.
grasp the small of the stock with the right hand and bring the
point of the bayonet to the height of the chin, right hand sup
porting the stock firmly against the front of right hip, the body
inclining slightly forward.
136. Being at charge bayonet: I. Order, 2. ARMS.
Face to the front, at the same time let go the piece with the
right hand and lower it to the right side with left hand, re
grasp it with the right just above the lower band, back of hand
to the right, and lower the piece, bringing the butt about three
inches from the ground and hand near the thigh; steady the
piece in this position with the left hand above the right, fingers
extended and joined, forearm and wrist straight and inclined
downward.
the right hand, drop the left by the side, and take the position
of the order.
35
36
1.
(1.) Press the butt down quickly with the right hand and
throw the piece diagonally across the body, grasp it with the
left hand as in port arms, and change the right hand to the small
of the stock. (Two) Half face to the right, carrying the right
heel six inches to the rear and three inches to the right of the
left heel, and at the same time bring the piece down to the
(Two) Drop
(2.) The first motion of the salute is made six paces before
passing the officer, holding the hand at the small of the stock
until the salute is acknowledged or the officer passed.
37
rank
<--
Plate 25. Art. 141. throws the butt about twenty-eight Plate:26. Art. 142.
""
opposite the middle of the interval, the right hand slipping to the
upper band, the thumb and forefinger raising the stacking
swivel, which he engages with that of his own piece; each odd
number of the front rank raises his piece with the right hand,
carries it well forward, barrel to the front, the left hand guiding
the stacking swivel, engages the lower hook of the swivel of his
own piece with the free hook of that of the even number of the
rear rank; he then turns the barrel outward into the angle
formed by the other two pieces and holds the butt about four
inches above the ground and six inches in front of the line of
, the toes.
(3.) The stacks being formed, the pieces of the odd numbers
in the rear rank are passed to the even members in front rank,
who lay them on the stacks. The pieces of the guides and the
file-closers are laid on the stacks at the same time.
(4.) Three pieces only are used in making a stack; pieces not
(5) Each man, on finishing handling pieces, takes the posi
38
(6.) The instructor may then rest or dismiss the squad, leav
ing the arms stacked.
(7.) On assembling, the men take their places in rear of the
stacks.
ground and then turning the piece to the right, detaching the
piece from the stack; each even number of the front rank dis
engages and detaches his piece by turning it to the left, and
then passes the piece of his rear-rank man to him, and all re
sume the order.
(3.) Unless care is taken by the odd number to hold and place
the butt of his piece in front of the line of the toes, there is
danger that the front sight will be caught and bent by the piece
of the even number on turning the piece to make or break the
stack.
(4.) Should any four have numbers two and three blank files,
number one rear rank will take the place of number two rear
plained for the odd numbers of the front rank. The piece of
number four is passed as explained for the odd numbers of the
rear rank.
(2.) Like precaution as in double rank should be used in making and breaking stacks to avoid injury to the sights.
Whenever the
commands for any of these are given, the piece will be shifted
in the most convenient manner.
38
39
*~~
Plate 27. Art. 147.
Trail arms.
the strap and release it from the stacking swivel, then press the
..
icle
40
then pass the right arm between the rifle and strap, the latter
resting upon the shoulder, piece in rear of the shoulder, muzzle
down, and barrel to the rear; right hand steadying the piece, and
resume attention.
move the right arm from the sling and bring the piece to the
front as before explained, butt resting on the left leg above the
knee, and reverse the movements for lowering the strap, bringing
it back to its normal place; then take the position designated.
150. Being in any position: I. Secure, 2. ARMs.
(I.) The piece is held in the right hand at the balance, barrel
down, sloping downward and to the front; right hand supported
against the front of the right hip, upper arm against the stock
with the port well under the arm.
(2.) A corresponding position in the left hand may be used.
151. Being at the trail, secure, or arms being slung, the piece
may be brought to any position by command.
Positions Kneeling and Lying Down.
152. The movements of kneeling, lying down, and rising are
first taught without arms; they are executed as with arms, ex
cept that in the position kneeling the right hand rests on the
right thigh, and in moving to and from the ly
ing position the right hand is placed on the
ground; in the position lying down, the fore
arms are against each other on the ground,
left arm in front.
41
(2.) Each rear-rank man takes a side step to the right, and
then kneels as prescribed for the front rank.
154. Being at the order, kneeling: RISE.
Rise and take the position of the order; the rear-rank men
covering their file-leaders.
155. Being at the order, kneeling: LIE Down.
(I.) Each front
rank man places the
right knee against
the left heel. (Two)
Draw back the left
42
Place the left hand on the ground and raise the body on th
knees; draw up and place the left foot by the side of the righ
knee, raise and place the piece in the position of the order kneel
ing; the rear-rank men take the position of the order kneelin,
and
thenwithout
move forward
manner
rising. thirty-six inches in the most convenien
To Load.
159. The recruits are at first taught to load and fire without
using cartridges; after a few lessons they should use dummy
cartridges, and when well instructed, the drill may close with a
few rounds of blank cartridges.
command LOAD.
opposite the middle of the interval to his right and in line with
the left heel of his front-rank man; the front-rank men half face
to the right; both ranks then carry the right heel six inches to
the rear and three inches to the right of the left heel, feet nearly
at right angles, and at the same time raise the piece with the
right hand and drop it into the left at the balance, muzzle at the
height of the chin, left elbow against
the body, small of the stock at the
waist, right hand grasping the small
of the stock. (Two) Look toward
the chamber, grasp the handle of the
bolt with the thumb and fingers of
the right hand, turn it upward and
draw the bolt back, thus opening the
chamber (slip the cartridge box, if
worn, to the right hip and open),
take a cartridge between the thumb
and first two fingers and place it in
the receiver, regrasp the handle of
=~
Plate 32.
Art. 161.
ReadW.
This
43
(5.) The piece being in the position of load and locked, that
is with the safety lock turned to the right, is brought to the
ready by the commands: I. Squad, 2. READY.
At the second command turn the safety lock to the left with
she thumb and forefinger of the right hand, and return the
hand to the small of the stock.
Take the position of load, turn the cut-off fully down, if not
to box or belt, close chamber, pull trigger, and carry the right
hand to small of stock.
men
raise
the
muzzles
Aim.
44
(3.) If sights are raised (par. 170) they should be laid down
at the first command.
th
165. (I.) In aiming kneeling, the left elbow rests on the le:
knee, point of elbow in front of kneecap.
(2.) In aiming lying down, raise the piece with both hand
and slip it through the left to the trigger guard; rest on bo
elbows and press the butt firmly against the right shoulder.
166. FIRE.
shell by drawing the bolt back smartly, close the chamber, pul
the trigger, lower the sight leaf, if raised, and carry the righ
44
45
hand to the small of the stock; at the command Arms take the
position of order arms, the front-rank men similarly as from
charge bayonet; the rear-rank men raise the muzzle of their
pieces (to clear the front-rank men) step back and cover their
file leaders, at the same time bringing the piece to the position
of order arms.
recruits
are
46
(I.) Take the position of load, if not already there, open the
gate of the magazine with the right thumb, take five cartridges
from the box or belt, and place them, with the bullets to the
front, in the magazine, turning the barrel slightly to the left to
facilitate the insertion of the cartridges; close the gate, and carry
the right hand to the small of the stock.
(2.) To load from the magazine the command From maga
cine will be given preceding that of LOAD ''; the cut-off will
be turned up on coming to the position of load.
(3.) To resume loading from the belt the command From
Belt will be given preceding the command LOAD ''; the cut-off
will be turned down on coming to the position of load.
(4.) The commands from magazine and from belt, indicating
the change in the manner of loading will not be repeated in
46
47
cartridge
boxes opened.
(3.) The commands for firing are the same whether the squad
e standing, kneeling, or lying down. The commands for kneel
1g or lying down precede the commands for firing.
-escribed
in paragraph
161, andatthe
if #'
ipped to the
hip and opened;
thecartridge
commandbox,
indicating the
...i.
47
48
Wolley Firing.
175. (I.) The squad being in line fronting the object to be
fired upon, pieces loaded (and locked): 1. Fire by squad, 2. At
(such an object), 3. At (so many) yards, 4. Squad, 5. READY,
6. AIM, 7. FIRE, 8. LOAD.
(2.) To fire another volley at the same object, but with a new
line of sight: I. At (so many) yards, 2. Squad, 3. AIM, 4. FIRE,
5. LOAD.
-
176. (1.) The object and range will be indicated in the pre
paratory commands for all kinds of fire, as illustrated in th
preceding examples.
(2.) If the object be at a considerable angle to the front o
the squad, the instructor will change the front of the squad sq
as to face the object.
(3.) The commands are given at sufficient intervals to allow
them to be executed as Drescribed. The command fire is given
when the pieces appear to be steady.
These rules are general.
To Cease Firing.
177. CEASE FIRING.
49
Rapid Fire.
181. (I.) This fire is employed under usual conditions for
ranges within which the trajectory is comparatively flat, and
she firing should be very effective. I. Rapid fire, 2, At (such an
Dbject), 3. At (so many) yards, 4. Squad, 5. READY, 6. CoM
MENCE FIRING.
182. (I.) To change from the fire at will, or the rapid fire to
magazine fire: I. Magazine fire, 2. CoMMENCE FIRING. The cut-off
s turned fully up at the first command and the firing continued
done
49a
=== "_
THE MANUAL of ARMs.
49b
1. Unsling, 2.
KNAPSACK.
#g
"
nS11ng KnapSacKS.
First position.
(I.) At the first command, each man takes his knapsack, and,
anding erect, holds it by the straps, the flap next to the knees.
it the second command, the knapsack is placed on the back,
he front rank facing about and stepping up to the stacks, the
'ar rank closing to facing distance.
(2.) The word knapsack will be used in the commands for all
atterns of packs.
5I
50
GENERAL RULES.
52
2.
9* &o
2 g'd
gg
*g
is
>
Company in line.
(9.) P. 0s. in excess of six, present for duty with the company,
shall be posted as number four of squads, in the front rank.
(Io.) P. 0s. having occasion to change position when the
61
left four, will divide the company into sections of equal size if
54
as
------
- - -- -
sult of the roll call, and then takes his post, the piece being
ried at the trail.
223. In all formations under arms, the men fall in with bay
ets unfixed. Previous to ceremonies, except Guard Mounting,
d Funerals, bayonets are fixed by command of the 1 p. 0.
Alignments.
To Open Ranks.
225. Being in line at a halt: 1. Open ranks, 2. MARCH, 3.
'ONT.
I.) At the first command, the right and left guides step
skly three paces to the rear to mark the new position of the
ir rank; the chief of the first section places himself on the
ht of the front rank, the chief of the second section on the
t of the front rank, swords at a carry; the C. C. goes to the
ht flank and sees that the guides are on a line parallel to the
nt rank; he then places himself, facing to the left, three paces
front of the right file, and commands: MARCH; at this com
nd, the cs. 0. S. place themselves opposite to, and three paces
front of, the centers of their sections.
2.) The front-rank men dress to the right; the rear-rank men
n their heads and eyes to the right, step backward, halt a
*g,
6.
c.09.
o
C.C.
228. (I.) The company executes the halt, rests, facings, step,
marchings, turnings, manual of arms, firings, kneels, lies down,
rises, and resumes attention as prescribed in the School of th:
Squad. substituting in the commands the word company for
squad, wherever the latter occurs.
Z-.
(t.
(2.) Upon the completion of the wheel each four takes the full
ep and distance, and, dressing toward the side of the leading
tide, marches on a line parallel to the former front of the com
t-n
ts-1
E.--S=l
os.'
E-, -o at
...| s=
:) E
e<*
3) s
file-closers.
-36 in
Pl:
Art. 229,
Column of fours.
fours, and see that all the fours accurately maintain their
tances.
(I.) The leading four wheels to the right, the pivot taki
steps of ten inches, if in quick time, or twelve inches, if in dou
the full step; the other fours move forward and wheel in simil
manner on the same ground. The guides wheel as explain
for flank or pivot man, as the case may be.
(2.) If at a halt, the first command will be forward.
(3.) Column half right (or half left) is similarly executed, eac
rank of four wheeling 45 degrees.
To Form Column of Fours and Change Direction.
231. Being in line: 1. Fours right (or left), 2. Column rig
(or left); or, 2. Column half right (or half left); or, 2. Incline
~ a2,
left), 3. MARCH.
At the third command, the right guide places himself in front
the left file of the right four; the right four moves straight
the front, shortening the first three or four steps, the rear
nk falling back to thirty-six inches; the other fours wheel to
: right; the second four, when its wheel is two-thirds com
ted, wheels to the left on a movable pivot, and follows the
st four; the other fours having wheeled to the right, move for
ird and wheel to the left on a movable pivot on the same
ound as the second.
(I.) At the first command, the rear rank closes to facing dis
nce; at the second command, the fours wheel to the right 180
'grees and march to the rear; on the completion of the wheel,
le rear rank falls back to thirty-six inches unless the command
ult, be given when in line, in which case the men of the rear
ink remain at facing distance.
(I.) At the first command, the rear rank closes to facing dis
ince; at the second command, the fours wheel to the right, the
ar rank falling back to thirty-six inches if the line advances
pon the completion of the wheel.
ro
236. To the front: 1. Right (or Left) front into line, 2. MAR:
3. Company, 4. HALT, 5. FRONT.
fours oblique in
double time,
"ra.
Plate 54.
Art. 237.
ances as explained for the first four; the rear guide places him
elf on the left of the rear four after it halts.
(2.) At the command, halt, given when the leading four has
dvanced company distance in the new direction, it halts and
resses to the right, the rear rank closing to facing distance;
he other fours successively halt and dress upon arriving in line.
(3) The command, front, is given when the last four completes
ts dressing.
(4.) If the movement be executed toward the side opposite the
tle-closers, each file-closer follows the four nearest him, passing
n front of the following four.
0bstacles.
t the command:
6.
distance; the guides take the same distance in front and rea
of the column.
NOTE.The column of twos should never be used on board ship.
It if
right, 2. MARCH, 3. Left flank, 4. MARCH, which forms the men two abreast
Marching by the flank in two ranks: 1. Left flank, 2. MARCH, 3. Fours right
4. MARCH.
t"
file-closers.
the short step; the rear two oblique to the left until they ut
cover the leading two, when they move to the front; the fou
having united, the rear ranks fall back to thirty-six inches, an
all resume the full step.
|
(2.) Column of twos may be formed from line, and line fro
to the original front. The officers and p. os. face with the co
umn and retain their positions.
MOVEMENTS BY SECTIONS.
(2.) The company having been formed, the right may becom
the left; the flanks the center, and the reverse.
(3.) In movements by sections, each C. 0. S. repeats suc
commands as are to be immediately executed by his section.
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Sections right.
Q)
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71
Each section turns to the right; the guide of the second set
tion carefully preserves the trace, step, and a distance equal to
the front of his section.
To Form Column of Sections to the Front.
section.
Left, 4. DREss, and returns to his post, passing around the let
flank.
(3) The c.c. superintends the alignment from the left flank
and gives the fourth command upon its completion.
64
I. Sections right
2 Potow
AEI
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Plate 56. Art. 250.
Sections left.
take their
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mands:
first section
* *
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39.
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d
on the line, the section is Plates. Art.*, on right into in
halted by its chief, who passes No. "In coin.
around the left flank to his post. and 6 p.o. will take post two paces in
of the center of the first and second
FRONT.
4.
(I.) At the first command, the chief of the first section com
mands: Right turn; at the second command, the section turns
o the right, its chief adding: I. Forward, 2. MARCH, on the
'ompletion of the turn.
The leading guide takes the direction indicated, and the sec
tions conform to his movements, changing direction on the
same ground, as explained for the squad in line.
T0 March to the Rear.
cutes, right front into line. The command, halt, is given when
the leading four of each section has advanced section distance.
To March
by the Flank
from Column
of Sections.
258. Being
in column
of sections:
1. Fours
right (or
2. MARCH, 3. Guide right (or left).
6-y
left),
(I.) The right and left guides of each section place themselv
as in art. 229, each C. o. s. on the left of his leading guide; th
leading guide of the section on the flank announced is ti
270. (I.) The color guard consists of one p. o. and two men
the p. 0. carrying the national color. He is relieved what
necessary by one of the other members of the guard.
*E=
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ol. c....
*% SS
o! 3: ...
The color
S-
oRo
Os:}!o
Note.The
b.
tween
the reardistance
guide of the
battalion,
color the
bearer
and whether
guard will
'''
take post the
between
wings,
on "
ou
designated to
carry it. He takes position on the left of the color bearer and
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sf/ o
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Battalion in line.
Battalion in column.
in
72
ATTEN
TION.
(7.)
>
Order.
Parade rest.
1130. (1.) Being at the carry, slip the right hand up the pi
to the height of the eye, then lower the pike slo y by straig
ening the arm to the front.
18
|
Plate 163.
Art. 1130.
75
450. (I.) If practicable, each bg. C., bt. C. or C. C., should have
a map showing all the principal streets, squares, parks, and ope
places where a force may be rallied.
(2.) When practicable, it is recommended to utilize the ser
vices of civilian scouts, or men disguised in civilians' clothing
in order to keep the commanding officer informed as to the situ
ation of affairs in the city.
(3.) A few pioneers with picks, crowbars, shovels, and axe.
will accompany the command.
120
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closes upon the second and third; all the officers, the color
guard, sf. p. os., guides, and file-closers take post within the
-**
left four of the first company and is halted; the third compan;
executes right forward, fours right, and advances to within fou
paces of the right four of the first company and is halted; th:
fourth company closes upon the second and third.
'air
To Form Square.
456. Being in street column: 1. Form square, 2. MARCH.
At the second command, the leading company halts or stands
fast; the right and left flank companies wheel by fours to the
right and left, respectively, and halt; the rear company executes
about face.
78
I
DS
G)
C.C
in street column:
I.
Stree t
2.
column,
MARCH.
At the second com
G)
C.O.S.
2 Foo
DSL
>]
IO
T0 Form Column of
Companies.
Form Square.
column:
I.
Column
ers of the leading company are ordered into ranks; the first
company having reached the fence, or building, line: 1. First
company, 2. Sections right and left turn, 3. Double time, 4. MARCH.
(i.) At the fourth command, the first section turns to the right,
79
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Arts. 460-461.
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Art. 460.
Plate 91.
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Plate 93.
CA CAD a
& J & "
Arts. 462-465.
Company square.
124
the second section to the left; the rear ranks oblique to the left
and right, respectively, joining on the flanks of their respective
front ranks to extend the line across the side street. During
this movement, the charge bayonet will be taken, if necessary, to
force back the mob. The rear companies continue the march.
The single ranks may be advanced along the side street, if nec
essary to clear it. Returning, they form as the rear company
of the column.
(2.) If the street does not cross, but ends at the one through
which the column is marching, the whole of the first company
turns to the right or left.
about, and turns to the left in double time; the front rank of the
second section turns to the left in double time; the flank men of
the two ranks avoid each other during the turn, and, if march
ing, each flanker moves to the front as soon as he reaches his
position in the square so as not to delay the march; the rear
(2.) On the march, the men forming the right flank of the
square
may be directed to carry their pieces with the muzzles
pointing to the right, in a position similar to port arms, in order
81
12:
cate the direction of the march with his sword, and the p. os.
will then face their respective sides of the square in the desig
nated direction.
(5.) The color guard (if present) will take post inside the
square. The colors shall not be carried on riot duty except
when landed on foreign territory.
I.
cleared by its rear rank, turns to the left in double time, and each
the right or left into their places in double time, and continue the
march, or halt.
466. The company being in line, marching or at a halt:
Right flankers into line, 2. MARCH.
I.
26
ank, in double time; the rear rank, second section, faces about,
bliques to its position in rear of the center, in double time, and
hen continues the march to the front, or halts.
82
WALL SCALING."
General Instructions.
As a maneuver
84
WALL SCALING.
eir right and left feet, respectively, near the base of the wall,
ace their right and left hands, respectively, against the wall,
ace themselves, and then interlock the fingers of their free
rings lightly up, placing his right foot on the left shoulder of
mber one, his left foot on the right shoulder of number two,
?s pointing to the right, his left hand against the wall; he
in turns slightly, and with his right hand grasps the left hand
number four. If on the retreat, the p. 0. and number four
the movement, firing if necessary until their turns come
mount. Number four having grasped hands with number
'
ee, places his left foot in the stirrup, springs up, and places
| right foot on the right shoulder of number one; he then
sens the grasp of number three's hand, places his left foot in
WALL SCALING,
Plate 98.
Art. 473
MA
T-
:-
T H-I-T-I-T-I-'
NTFE-TI rl
|-T-I-T-I-7
|-
1.
- -
I-.
|--
Sy:
is:
#-F#-I-T-I-'
*
--- *
**
*
-
E=
No. 2 mounting.
86
==
1.7
I
L
t
-
WALL SCALING.
(2.) In case the wall exceeds ten feet in height, number four
st grasps right hands with number three, places his right foot
the stirrup, then his left foot on the left shoulder of number
o, loosens the grasp of hands, and places his right foot in the
ght hand of number three, who stoops and braces himself;
mber four next places his left foot on the left shoulder and
s right foot on the right shoulder of number three, who then
)wly straightens up; number four then grasps the top of the
all and straddles it as before.
~-
==
~->==
and
ur,
passone
them
the p. grasps
o. and hands
number
twonumbers
on the other
le: who
number
thentojumps,
with
three
87
WALL SCALING.
and four, and passes over the wall; numbers three and four ti
drop to the ground.
(6.) When the height of the wall requires it, numbers three :
four drop their lanyards to numbers two and one, respectiv
who assist the p. 0 to mount, and then pass up the pieces; nt
bers one and two then haul themselves up, and all drop to
other side. Having passed over the wall, the men form as
rected.
to straddle the wall; the latter takes his piece from number ti
and continues the fire; number three then assists the p. 0.
pass over the wall and hands him his piece; number two t!
passes over, and the remaining pieces are passed to him;
necessary, each man takes cover and continues the fire as S.
as he reaches the other side.
EXTENDED ORDER.
General Principles.
'75. (I.) The designation extended order, as used in these
ulations, applies to men occupying greater extent of front
rank than when in close order in double rank.
6.) Men in extended order must keep alert, fix their attention
the first word of command, the first note of the bugle, or the
st motion of the signal; the movement commences immediately
when
danger
or inconvenience
others will
re
t,trail;
the or,
piece
maynobe
carried
in a horizontalto position
in the
asp of the right or left hand at the balance.
89
ExTENDED ORDER.
his right move by the flank to the right, number four to the l
in order to make space for the rear-rank men who come up
the line on the left of their respective front-rank men as S0
in
ExTENDED ORDER.
#4
1. Forward, 2.
nk, each man resuming the cadence, and taking the direction
en on the alignment.
To Deploy as Skirmishers.
480. Being in march:
*
6.
X
;
..."
, , ; ; ; , , , ,
, , , ; ; , ...
'
'
'
, ,
1.
s#.
ExTENDED ORDER.
#
# 8
*s, *s, *, *, *, *,
1. To sing
ExTENDED ORDER.
30,
MARCH.
command, each man faces to the right and fol
his front. The p. 0. moves quickly beside the
his left (or right) and conducts him, or indi
ExTENDED ORDER.
there.
*.* # ** *
+ . . ."
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t 8 +
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Plate 105,
491 and 530
RallyArts.
by Squad.
1. Assemble, 2. MARCH.
94
ExTENDED ORDER.
(I.) The men move toward the p. 0. and form in their proper
aces in double rank; pieces at the order.
(2.) If the p. 0. continues to advance, the men move in double
te, form in double rank, and follow him.
nk.
Movements by Signals.
493. (I.) The squad having been instructed sufficiently for in
lligent execution of the foregoing movements, by word of
mmand, will be taught to execute them by signals, as far as
acticable. The signals are supplemented by commands when
:cessary.
Signals.
ExTENDED ORDER.
may be held in the hand when not interfering with the executio
of the signal as prescribed; if interfering, the piece should fir
be shifted to the other shoulder or hand; when the sword i
so used it is in prolongation of the arm.
I. FoRWARD.Raise the right arm until horizontal, extende
laterally, then carry it to the front; at the same time move t
the front.
96
L40
ExTENDED ORDER.
Firings.
495. The recruits having attained a fair degree of execution
in the methods of extension, marching, the assembly, rally, etc., as
prescribed, will be practiced in the firings in both close and ex
tended order, preparatory to exercises in the advance and at
tack. The firing will at first be simulated, and then practiced
with blank cartridges. In all cases, definite objects must be in
dicated; if practicable, targets, preferably silhouettes, will be
used. The instructor should impress upon the recruits that
effectiveness is not attained by rapidity in firing, but by accu
racy in aiming, to attain which men must preserve calmness.
Fire Discipline.
496. The following rules will be impressed upon the recruits,
and strict observance of them exacted:
ExTENDED ORDER.
14.
If the squad
squad, halting as occasions offer, and points out the objects tha
will afford cover, such as undulations of the ground, trees, rocks
98
42
ExTENDED ORDER.
(4.) In order to obtain a rest for the rifle, and at the same
ime expose the least part of the body while aiming, the instruc
or explains the following methods:
(a.) Take post, preferably, behind the right of walls, rocks,
leaps of stones or earth, and in the windows and doorways of
he houses on the left side of a street; behind a tree, rest the rifle
on a limb to the right, or rest the left forearm against the right
ide of the trunk.
ExTENDED ORDER.
14
most suitable, and adjust his sight to the distance given; that
if screen from view of the enemy, whilst advancing, is not
hand, to move over exposed ground in double time. When all
the men have posted themselves, the instructor examines t
position of each to see whether he has taken the best advanta
afforded by the position for cover, and firing in connectic
therewith, and sees whether the sights are properly adjusted t
the distance given. The squad is then assembled, and further
advances are made to indicated positions for individual men.
#4
ExTENDED ORDER.
(9.) Before beginning the drill, the men are instructed to keep
n the alert for the signals or commands of the p. 0s.; that when
he signal or command to advance is given, each man shall in
tantly move forward, and that no effort will be made to keep
n accurate alignment, but a general line only; that each man
hall apply what he has been taught respecting cover, without
raiting to observe what is done by men to his right or left; that
When deviating from the general direction in advancing to take
dvantage of screen or cover, they must not cross the paths of
men to the right or left; that the general direction will be re
umed on passing the point of screen or cover; that on halting
hey will not, in the absence of command, take the position lying
lown unless necessary for cover.
(IO.) The officer directs when each advance shall be made, in
licates the places for halting, and gives the distances and the
tind of fire to be used at each halt. The p. 0. gives the com
mands of execution in conformity with the directions given him
y the officer.
(II.) The advances, in general, should be for such distances
ls will best utilize the features of the ground, having reference
0 view of the enemy and cover, about one hundred yards at
irst, and a less distance as the position of the enemy is ap
roached. The advances will be made in quick time, except in
assing places fully exposed to view from the position of the
upposed enemy, in which case they will be made in double time
}r at the run, according to the exposure, and the proximity of
he enemy.
may be used for any distance. The exercises will end at about
wo hundred yards from the position of the enemy.
IOI
ExTENDED ORDER.
14
enemy, the places for halting, and the kind and duration of the
firing, also the rate of advance. The march will usually be in
quick time, except when double time or the run is obviously neces.
sary on account of exposure to fire from the enemy. By toC
rapid a pace, with only short stops for firing, the men will neces
sarily become more or less out of breath and be unsteadiet
thereby for accurate firing; it tends also to excitement, which
it is most important to avoid. It should be strongly impresset
upon the men, as in all firing exercises, to preserve calmness
(18.) In these exercises, the limits for the different firings will
He will always be
areful to observe that the rules for aiming are not slighted, and
mpress upon the men the great importance of deliberate and
ccurate aiming.
ExTENDED ORDER.
156
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ExTENDED ORDER.
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Plate 111. Arts. 544,561 and 569. Front attack by the battalion in seven phases.
IO5
178
ExTENDED ORDER.
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Plate 112. Arts. 544, 561 and 569. Front attack by the battalion in seven phases-cond
I06
(3.) In retreat, it prepares the way for the main body, guard
g and repairing roads, bridges, etc., sweeping away any parti
ns or guerrillas. If hostile bodies have outmarched the
lumn and are in front of it, the advance guard performs duties
the same nature as in the advance.
(4.) The advance guard is divided into two nearly equal parts,
e vanguard and the reserve. The vanguard is subdivided into
e advance party, and the support. The advance party furnishes
e leading and flanking groups. The support furnishes its own
'nkers.
(7.) When necessary, the support sends out one or two men to
eserve communication with the advance party; the reser
107
192
guard serves equally well as a type for a rear guard of the sai
strength, if it be considered as faced to the rear throughout.
580. (I.) The strength of the advance guard in a forwa
movement varies from one-eighth to one-fourth of the who
force; in a very small force, one-eighth; in a very large fo
one-fourth; and, generally, one-sixth. The rear guard is usu
one-half the strength of the advance guard.
(2.) In retreat, the proportions given above for the adv
guard, will also apply to the rear guard, and the former sho
be half the strength of the latter.
(3.) It sho
x.x.x
Pot * F/are K*** be b or n e
-4avance J X x
#6. wro-..x,x
Party
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Plate 115.
S.
X X-
Arts. 577-581.
Advance guard.
of a
Note:It will be seen from the plate that the disposition of the two companies.
ing the advance guard is such that they may be quickly thrown into battle forms
for attack or defense. The advance # with its point and flanking groups, may
ploy at once into a skirmish line while the section in support moves up promptly.t
enforce it; and the company in reserve may deploy and advance at once to jin
firing-line, thus forming the whole force as a screen behind which the main column.
form for attack or defense. Or, each line may, if overpowered, fall back in succes
upon the one in rear until the whole advance guard is in a skirmish line. Every
talion should be exercised in this manner.
IO8
CAMPING.
582. (I.) In the presence of the enemy, the men bivouac in
Dsition; if safety permits, tents may be pitched immediately in
'ar of the line of stacks; the tents of the company officers in
lar of their companies, the tents of the field and staff in rear
the center of the line of company officers.
(2) When not in the presence of the enemy, each battalion
iually camps in column of companies at convenient distances.
he tents of each company are arranged in two lines, facing
ch other, or in one line, all facing in the same direction; the
nts of the company officers are arranged in line parallel to the
ink of the column and at a convenient distance, facing the com
iny street, C. C's tent on the right. The 1 p. 0's. tent is on the
ink of the company toward the officer's tents.
(3.) The tents of the bt. C. and his staff, when practicable, are
line in rear of, and parallel to, those of the company officers;
(6.) The kitchens of the men and sf. p. 0s., are in line on the
7.) The kitchens of the officers are in rear of their tents; the
|ks for the officers are in rear of the line of tents of the bg.
p. 0S.
8.) The positions of the color line, guard tents, field hospital,
illery, etc., are prescribed by the commanding officer.
9.) The width of the company streets and the streets in front
the company officers, bt. cs. and staffs, and bg. C. and staff,
ries with the nature of the ground and the strength of the
mmand.
I09
194
CAMPING.
(2.) A full company requires fifteen tents, thirteen for men ar.
two for officers, one for the C. C. and one for the two Cs. 0.8.
(3.) Men are tented as they stand in the company, squad lea
ers with their squads.
end of each pole touching the point. At the ends of the pole:
dig holes for the uprights, which in depth should be equal to
the difference between the height of the tent and the length 0
the upright.
(4) Place the ridge poles in the tents, rounded side up. In
[10
CAMPING.
195
ert the pins of the uprights in the holes of the ridge poles and
rrange the tents on the ground with the feet of the uprights
ear their holes. Drive the pegs for the corner guys into the
round; they should be located at points intersected by lines
rawn parallel to, and two feet to the front and rear, and three
set from the sides of the tents.
e
e.
e.
*ext Ks.
ado (t/dens.
tomy, %cers.
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Q @ 9% & B & c. and staff.
o o o - - - & A. A. o.5
o - - - - A * *ezt.
0//teers Jenks.
(5.) Raise the tents, both uprights at the same time, place the
>et of the latter in their respective holes and haul out, and
auten the corner guys equally. Drive the remaining pegs on
nes between the corner ones, the wall pegs opposite their loops.
585. The landing force of a ship should be frequently exer
ised on shore at camping for two or three days at a time, in
rder to become familiar with all the details of a well ordered
III
OUTPOSTS.
586. (1.) The size of the detachment for outpost duty depend
upon the strength of the main command, the proximity of ti
enemy, the extent of front to be covered, the character of ti
country, etc., it should not, as a rule, exceed one-sixth of ti
whole force.
th
ground in their front and between them and the posts on the
right and left; at least one man on each post must always be 0
the alert.
587. (I.) The line of sentinels and the line of pickets may be r
II2
OUTPOSTs.
197
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Plate 117. Arts. 586587. Outpost.
Note.It will be seen from the plate that the disposition of the four companies as an
it
post in four lines is similar to the preliminary formation of a battalion in extended
der. Two companies are advanced, one section of each company 'n' in line of
uads 600 yards in front of the supporting section of the same company. Each squad
rnishes one or two sentinels.
ci advance as a firing-line to aid the sentinels, while the section in support advances
re-inforce the firing-line; and the two reserve companies may come up on the
in extended order, thus throwing the whole battalion into battle
ont
as a may,
resisting
screen behind
the main
bodyinmay
forX'
the #post
is
ch line
in succession,
fall which
back upon
the one
rearprepare
until the
com
'ployed into a firing-line. It may be possible, in either case: to avoid m
(Hie, and thus keep good control. It is an excellent exercise to dispose.
an outpost, and then maneuver as in an attack.
I13
604 (1.) The following are the usual rosters relative to guar
duty.
I.Officers of the day.
2.Officers of the guard.
3.First petty officers of the guard.
4.Petty officers of the guard.
5.Musicians of the guard.
6.Men of the guard.
(2.) The first two are kept by the bt. adj. ; the third, fourth,
and fifth by the C. p. 0. under the supervision of the adj., or by
the 1 p. 0s. of companies, as may be directed by the command
C. c.s. super
O111S.
'd officer of the day, or of the old guard, until four hours after
hey have been relieved.
686. He will see that reliefs are turned out at the proper
ime, and that the p. os. thoroughly understand, and are prompt
and efficient in the discharge of their duties.
690. He will see that the guard-room and cells are thoroughly
Policed twice daily, morning and evening.
691. At 1 p. 0's. call, he will proceed to the adj's. office and
5btain the guard report book.
692. When the colors are taken from the stacks of the color
guard,
204
unarmed, and two armed men as a guard, will escort the colors
to their destination.
693. Upon the return of men having passes, the passes will
be given to the 1 p. 0. of the guard, who will endorse upon
them the time at which each of the men, included in a pass, re.
turns; at guard-mounting he will turn in the passes to the com:
mander of the guard.
mands:
*** **--
205
'04. (I.) Prisoners, when paraded with the guard, are placed
line, in its center. The 1 p. 0., immediately before forming
guard, will turn over the keys to the p. 0. at the guard
use. Having formed the guard, he will divide it into two
irly equal parts. Indicating the point of division with his
ad, he commands: 1. Right (or Left), 2. FACE, 3. Forward, 4.
ARCH, 5. Guard, 6. HALT, 7. Left (or Right), 8. FACE.
2) If the command be, right face, the right half of the guard
ly will execute the movements; if, left face, the left half only
l execute them. The command, halt, is given when sufficient
erval is obtained to admit the prisoners. The doors of the
ard-room and cells are then opened by the p. 0. having the
is. The prisoners will file out under the supervision of the
, 0., the p. 0. and sentinel on duty at the guardhouse, and
206
-->======TY.'"
MANUAL of GUARD DUTY.
207
17- When the relief arrives at six paces from a sentinel, the
D. halts it and commands, according to the number of the
t; No. (). The new sentinel comes to the port, ap
aches the old, and halts at about one pace from him.
18. (1.) The p. os. advance and place themselves, facing each
er, a little in advance of the new sentinel, the old p. 0, on his
it, the new p. 0. on his left, both at the order, and observe
the old sentinel transmits correctly his instructions.
2.) The following diagram will illustrate the positions taken:
c| |
-
'22. (I.) To post a relief after the sentinels of the old guard
re been relieved, its p. 0 forms it by the commands: 1.
1ch) relief, 2. FALL IN; and if arms are stacked, 3. Take, 4.
MS.
208
726. Should the pieces have been loaded before the rel
was posted, the p. o. commands:
1. Empty, 2. MAGAZINE,
He will hav
731. Should any sentinel call for the p.o. of the guard, th
p. 0. will, in every case, at once and quickly proceed to sic
sentinel. He will notify the 1 p. o. of the guard, before lea)
ing the guardhouse.
209
"t time only, the p. 0. will see that he is again posted as soon
he necessity for his relief ceases.
'38. Should the guard be turned out, each p. 0. will call his
n relief, and cause its members to fall in promptly.
739. P. 0s. will ascertain the tents or bunks of all members
fficer entitled to inspect the guard, the p.o. will call: Turn
ut the guard, announcing the title of the officer and then, if
210
746. Out of ranks and under arms, the p.o. salutes with t
rifle salute. He will salute all officers, whether by day or nig
747. The p. 0. will examine parties halted and detained
sentinels, and if he has any reason to believe the parties ha
no authority to cross sentinels' posts, will conduct them to t
they will remain at the guardhouse during their tour, and vil
fall in with the guard when it is formed. They form on a lint
with the front rank of the guard, their left three paces from #
right guide.
FF-E--->==
MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY.
*H,
211
54. When so directed, the adj. will select an orderly for the
lmanding officer from the members of the new guard, an
a man being detailed for guard for this purpose; the selec
212
770. Orders for sentinels on post are divided into two cla
general orders and special orders.
4. To repeat all calls from posts more distant from the gua
house than my own.
5. To quit my post only when properly relieved.
M: G.E Dr.
21:=
---
214
post.
215
800. In case any sentinel fails to call off, the one next pre
ding him will repeat the call; if the call is not taken up within
reasonable time, he will call the p. 0. of the guard, and report
e facts.
216
-*
803. After having called Turn out the guard, the senti
will not, in any case, call: Never mind the guard, on the
proach of an armed party.
804. Though the guard be already formed, he will not fail
call: Turn out the guard, as required in his general ord
except as provided in the following article.
805. If two or more persons, entitled to the compliment,
proach at the same time, the sentinel will call for the sen
only; if the senior does not desire the guard formed, the s
tinel then calls: Never mind the guard. The guard will
be turned out for an officer while a senior entitled to the c
pliment is at, or coming to, the post of the guard.
806. The sentinels at the post of the guard will warn
house, the sentinel posted there will call the p. 0. of the gua
and report the facts to him.
(2) The same rules apply when a color, not cased, carried'
a color-guard or an armed party, or when the officer comma"
ing a party, whether armed or unarmed, passes; so also wid
the remains of a deceased officer or man are carried past.
COLOR LINE AND SENTINELS.
21.
336. Color sentinels are not placed on the regular reliefs, nor
their post numbered. In calling for the p. 0. of the guard,
ey call: P. o. of the guard: Color line.
837. The time of walking post on the color line is equally
vided among the color sentinels by the commander of the
lard.
839. (I.) A sentinel placed over the colors will not permit
em to be moved, except in the presence of an armed escort.
(2.) He will allow no one to touch them but the color-bearer,
a p. 0. of the guard when he is accompanied by two armed
en.
(3.) He will not permit any man to take arms from the stacks,
to touch them, except by order of an officer, or a p. 0. of the
hard.
218
MISCELLANE0US.
888. Police and fatigue duties may be placed under the sup
vision of an officer detailed for the purpose; otherwise they
under the supervision of the officer of the day. The officer
the day or the officer detailed for the purpose, has general :
pervision, under the orders of the commanding officer, of
police and fatigue duties of the post or camp. Fatigue part
will be furnished him when the number of prisoners is sufficie
for the necessary police purposes.
889. In camp, general police duty is usually done by the d
t
894. Each landing force carries two sets of colors, the nation
and the squadron; these are six feet, six inches, on the fly, in
six feet on the pike.
219
I31
GUARD MOUNTING.
The Assembly.
901. (1.) At the assembly, the men warned for duty fall in
their company parade grounds, facing to the front, p. 08.
supernumeraries falling in as file-closers; each 1 p. 0. then
fies his detail, opens ranks, inspects the dress and general
pearance, replaces by a supernumerary any man unfit to ma
on guard, and then closes ranks.
(2.) The band takes post on the parade, so that the left
its front rank shall be twelve paces to the right of the fr
rank of the guard when the latter is formed.
Adjutant's Call.
902. (I.) At adj's ca/, the adj. proceeds to the parade grou
and takes post so as to be twelve paces in front of, and faci
the center of the guard when formed; the C. p. 0. reports to t
adj. and takes post facing to the left, twelve paces to the l
of the front rank of the band; the band plays in quick or dou
time; the details are marched to the parade ground by the 1 p.
with arms at the shoulder; the detail that arrives first is
marched to the line that, upon halting, the breast of the rig
front-rank man shall be near to, and opposite, the left arm
the C. p. 0.; the
p. 0 halts his detail, places himself in iro
and 1 p. 0., the right front-rank man placing his breast again
the left arm of the C. p. 0.; the p. 0s. take post two paces, :
the supernumerary nine paces, in rear of the rear rank of
detail. Seeing the detail aligned, the 1 p. 0. commands: FRON
salutes, and then reports: The detail is correct; or (so may
men are absent; the C. p. 0. returns the salute after the report
made; the 1 p. 0. then passes by the right of the guard
====
GUARD MoUNTING.
221
4.) When the last detail has formed, the C. p. O. draws sword,
1. Open ranks, 2.
ARCH. At the second command, the rear rank steps back and
ults three paces in rear of the front rank; the p. os. three paces
rear of the rear rank; all dress to the right. The C. p. 0.
erifies the alignment of the ranks, file-closers, supernumeraries,
nd 1 p. 0s., and then returns to the right of the front rank,
ces to the left, commands: FRONT, passes to a point midway
etween the adj. and the center of the guard, halts, facing the
dj., salutes and reports: Sir, the details are correct; or, Sir
so many) men are absent; the adj. returns the salute, directs the
., p. 0.: Take your post, and then draws sword; the C. p. 0.
aces about and takes post facing to the front, three paces to
he left of the front rank. When the c. p. o. has reported, the
fficer of the guard takes post, facing to the front, three paces
m front of the center of the guard, and draws sword. (See
Plate, 118, Art. 905.)
halts three paces from the adj.; the p. os. bring their pieces
to the shoulder, pass by the flanks, and, moving by the shortest
line, form in the order of rank, from right to left, three paces
in rear of the officer; the adj. then assigns the officer and p. 0s.
cording to rank, as follows: Commander of the guard, chief
first section, chief of second section, right guide of first section,
all, except the officer commanding the guard, face about and
take the posts prescribed in the School of the Company, with
open ranks, and pieces at the order. The adj. then directs: In
spect your guard, sir; at which the officer commanding the guar"
122
GUARD MoUNTING.
222
904 (1.) During the inspection, the band plays, and the at
returns sword, observes the general condition of the guar
and replaces by the supernumerary any man who does n
JA
af
c - -"o
c.
e.ds
to the rear
#:
O 3 *
H- - - - - -
t= the guard is
C. P. o.
.3
sE in line; and
[SIST=TsIII"
3
[T] # Aide closers.
D }*r"raries.
.3
Cl
manding the
guard, when
in
column
or
passing
Formation of guard.
in review.
3.
[-]
post of the
Officer com
Review.
905. (1.) The inspection ended, the adj. places himself about
thirty paces in front of, and facing, the center of the guard, an
draws sword; the officers of the day take post in front of, and
I3A.
GUARD MoUNTING.
223
ing, the guard, about thirty paces from the adj. ; the old
cer of the day three paces to the right of and one pace to
: rear of the new officer of the day; the officer commanding
: guard takes post three paces in front of its center, and
ws sword; thereafter, he takes the same relative positions as
3. C.
(4.) The adj. then resumes attention, brings his sword to the
rry and commands: 1. Guard, 2. ATTENTION, 3. Close ranks,
MARCH.
as reported, returns the salute with the hand and directs the
lj. : March the guard in review, sir.
(6.) The adj. faces about, brings the guard to the order, and
5mmands: 1. Sections right, 2. MARCH. The sections execute
le movement; the band turns to the right and places itself
welve paces in front of the first section. The adj. places him
elf abreast of the first section and six paces from its left flank;
le C. p. 0. six paces from the left flank of the second section.
(7.) The adj. then brings the guard to the shoulder, and com
lands:
(8.) The band, having passed the officers of the day, turns to
them,
nd ceases to play when the rear of the column has passed; the
eld music detaches itself from the band when the latter turns
ut of column, and, remaining in front of the guard, commences
o play when the band ceases. In the absence of the band, the
ield music does not turn out of column, but continues in front
if the guard.
(9) The guard having passed the officer of the day, the "l.
I35
224
GUARD MoUNTING.
(2.) While the band is sounding off, and while the guard
marching in review, the officers of the day stand at parade
with arms folded, and come to attention before the guard is
1. Supernumeraries, 2. A
908. If the guard be not divided into sections, the adj. cum
mands:
MARCH. The guard wheels by fours to the right; the field mu:
takes post in front; the adj. and C. p. o. return swords and &
GUARD MoUNTING.
225
it; and, when the field music at the head of the new guard
ves opposite its left, the commander of the old guard com
nds: I. Present, 2. ARMS; and commands: I. Order, 2. ARMS,
en the new guard has passed.
2.) The new guard marches in quick time past the old guard,
ns at the port, commanders of both guards saluting.
3.) The field music having marched three paces beyond the
d music of the old guard, changes direction to the right, and,
owed by the guard, changes direction to the left, when on a
e with the old guard; the changes of direction are without
mmand. The senior officer of the guard halts on the line of
front rank of the old guard, allows his guard to march past
m, and, when its rear approaches, wheels it by fours to the
t, halts it, establishes the left guide three paces to the right
the field music of the old guard, and on a line with the front
nk, and then dresses his guard to the left; the field music with
* new guard is two paces to the right of its front rank.
4.) The new guard being dressed, the commander of each
ard, in front of, and facing, its center, commands: I. Pre
it, 2. ARMs, resumes his front and salutes.
I. Order, 2. ARMS.
the front, and sends each, under charge of a p. 0., to its com
ny.
PART II
CONTENTS
(Pages numbered at bottom.)
PAGE
- -
I47
I52
I53
tling
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
157-158
ARTILLERY.
General Rules.
...]
#77
s"
ARTILLERY.
243
'd for the purpose of hauling the cart or other vehicle con
ring the extra ammunition; or, if practicable, the cart may be
*d as a limber and connected to the carriage of the piece, the
ole section being employed on the double drag-rope.
Io.) When the pieces are cast loose for action, they are said
be in battery.
II.) After firing, the pieces are always re-loaded without
mmand, and the firing will continue until the command or
nal, cease firing, is given, when charges will be withdrawn.
12.) To interrupt the firing: I. CEASE FIRING, 2. LOAD. The
ng will cease, the pieces will be loaded, and held in readiness
renew the firing when directed.
15.) The front, when the drag is manned, is toward the leaders;
en in battery, it is the direction in which the guns are pointed.
16.) The right and left are the right and left of the actual front.
17.) The dress, when the drag is manned, is on the leaders;
en in battery, it is on the axles of the pieces.
18.) For service in boats only, with no probability of land
f, the presence of the 3 p. 0. and reserve is not necessary.
19.) The 1 p. 0 is the guide of his section.
even
numbered
men
Plate 120.
*
Plate 121.
Art,'d
#"' "
men wearing the strap on the left shoulder, and the even nul
bered men on the right shoulder. The first command will be:
Diagonal sling, in order to distinguish it from the infantry sin
To Unsling Arms.
931. (1.) Arms being slung, at a halt, any position in
manual of arms may be taken by command, as explained in
last paragraph of art. I49.
(2.) Dragmen may be directed to carry their rifles in the
hand, or at the shoulder or slope, according as they are on
245
##
ev
as we
-2
o:
2.p. o.
Plate12. A.'"
section to the front. .
246
MARCH.
toggle on top, and place them six paces to the rear of trailt
boxes for coming off; 7 and 8 prepare the right box or bot
the support and reserve close in double time on the right and it
leaders, and unsling arms; the 1 p. 0. takes post to the right
247
**
;
# *g
the
right
6.
Q-****, .
drag-rope
down to and in
and
leaders
J.
. , cluding 9, form
3.) When the piece is prepared for action, the crew take their
ions, all facing to the front, as follows:
rear of trail bar.
right of breech.
left of breech.
directed
248
3-INCH. R. F. C.
brake.
ra
249
941. FIRE. (I.) I cocks the piece and pulls the lanyard.
(2.) The spade and brakes will probably hold the piece in po
ion, but should there be any recoil, the crew will run the
2ce forward to its former position.
After firing, 2 opens breech smartly, leaving the lanyard
oked and loose over the lever; 3 withdraws empty case and
ices it on the ground to his left, and turns to 5 for new charge
lich is passed up at once from box by 6.
(3.) When a box is exhausted, 6 cries SHELL; 7 and 8 then
ing up a full box from the rear, and remove the empty box.
B42. CEASE FIRING. (I.) If the gun be loaded, 2 unhooks
CATLING.
4 chocks wheels.
'2.) When the piece is prepared for action, the men take their
tions in battery, all facing to the front;
I sitting on trail seat.
2 on right of breech.
3 on left of breech.
4 at box, ready to pass ammunition to 3.
5 left of trail.
147
250
6 right of trail.
7 and 8, ammunition passers at the rear box.
2 turns crank.
3
4
5
7
tends feed.
supplies ammunition to 3.
tends trail.
and 8 supply ammunition from the rear when needed, at
refill feed cases.
RA
a.
3.
*ao:
8.8%. ,
Plate 125.
":#9"
*
The 2 p. 0. assemble
*
Art. 948.
Secure.
251
d lead out the drag-ropes; 5-6-7-8 close and secure the lids of
1munition boxes.
cket and sponge. The men must not pass in front of the muzzle.
(2.) If the piece is to be moved some distance, the boxes may
B placed on the carriage, and 5-6-7-8 assist on the guide ropes
d short drag in turning the piece; or should the ground be
the
M',
At the second command, all step off to the front; the 'P' "
I49
252
until the command, halt, is given. The short drag may be used
and the support, or a detail from the support, will assist, if netes
sary. 5-6-7-8 move the ammunition boxes to the new position
The 2 p. 0. and 3 p.-0. conduct the support and reserve according
to the change of position.
T0 Halt.
I. Section, 2. HALT.
or AT EASE.
To Change Direction.
958. The drag being manned, marching or at a halt: 1. Rig"
(or Left) turn (or half turn), 2. MARCH.
(I.) At the second command, given when the axle of the pied
is at the turning point, each man at the drag moves to th
==->~~
253
movement at the
*ss \,
**-->
->
*. *. \ \, \
* , , \ \ rose
*s, *, *,
**s, *, *, \,
\, \, \, \, : **p
''
---|--|-##
>>|->ts
->
S.
** 13
*...
lirection.
##.
Direction.
... MARCH.
254
cylinder, and allow one bight to pass through the other bight
I52
255
nen, neither can a sufficient number of men get hold of the gun
o mount or dismount without the use of the strap and trail bar.
(2.) For dismounting, a small mat should be used, to be placed
inder the muzzle. The mat prevents slipping, also prevents the
muzzle from penetrating soft earth, or from being injured on
hard ground. The mat and strap will be carried in the tool box.
(3.) Care should be taken not to raise the trail higher than is
necessary to rest the muzzle on the ground; otherwise, the
wheels will be lifted off the ground, causing the weight of the
'arriage and piece to be concentrated on the muzzle. Proceed
sarefully to clear the trunnions from their seats. The piece
should not be lowered until it is perpendicular, and the six men
stationed on the trail bar are ready to lower together; otherwise,
he gun may fall during the last two or three feet of lowering,
:ausing it to slue and injure the breech lever. Too much haste
n competitive drills may result in striking the lever against the
:arriage before it has been run back clear of the piece, rendering
serious damage probable.
GATLING.
1. Prepare to mount, 2.
VIOUNT.
(1.) At the first command, all the men rise: 1-2-3-4-II-I2 raise
he piece or get it on its muzzle; 7-8-9-10 raise the carriage; 5
und 6 put on the wheels.
(2.) At the second command, the carriage is run up, the gun
256
970. (I.) Detach and carry off the lock from the breech-plug
of the 3-inch R. F. G., or bend the barrels of Gatlings; break
one or both wheels.
The men return to the piece with the articles they carried of
replace them, and take position according as the piece was
mounted or dismounted.
To Dismiss the Section.
forme!
to the front; the c. o. s. inspects the piece and section, and the
directs the 1 p. 0 to dismiss.
I54
3-INCH. R. F. C.
/8
O
at
ammunition
box
to
Reserve
4
PoC)
pass
258
977. READY.
ing clamp.
978. FIRE.
1-POUNDER HOTCHKISS.
980. Special duties at the commands: MAN THE PIECE.
I left of gun, removes cover; places sight; tests bree
mechanism; examines bore; and sees in place impleme
for service of gun.
p:
provi
charges.
The ammunition box may be brought forward and pla
near the piece.
981. LoAD.
259
4 passes charge to 3.
#85 (1.) This gun is not intended for general use in the boat,
t if it be so employed, the shore drill will be followed, ex
t that an aiming bar will replace the elevating gear.
The ammunition box may be brought forward, near the
C.
To Disembark.
3-INCH R. F. G.
ed, a boat's mast may be used in its place, and the gun lashed
the mast by means of the halliards or sheets, or other gear
hand.
I57
260
PART III
CONTENTS
(Pages numbered at bottom.)
PAGE
205207
Gun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208-209
2IO-217
14
TITLE.
Captain,
1
2
3
4.
5
Boarder.
Boarder.
Boarder.
Rifleman.
Rifleman.
Plugman,
Loader,
Shellman,
Shellman,
Revolver.
Revolver.
Revolver.
Rifle.
Rifle.
ADDITIONAL
For 5-in. and 6-in. Guns.
Shellman,
Rifleman.
POSITIONS OF CREW.
Rifle.
(6)
1 2 3 4 5 (6)
4.
3 1. 2
Form for inspection |
|
1 2 3 4 5 (6)
\
5 3 1 2 4.
FOR EXERCISE.
Ammunition
Hatch.
Q) =
3. n
C (TE
* N)
16o
15
Commands.
ree) rifles with bayonets and belts, and places them in racks,
amidships clear of the gun; provides two pairs of loader's
bves, puts on one pair and gives the other pair to 4; takes
5 station on left of the breech in rear of 1.
rammer);
16
17
4 rams shell home with short rammer, and then lays rammer
side.
opens breech.
withdraws cartridge and gives it to a shellman.
Change Stations!
To be used frequently at drill in order to familiarize the men
h all the duties at the gun.)
On.
Secure!
The numbers return what they provided and secure what they
1st loose; the Gunner's Mate, assisted by 1, 2, 3, thoroughly
Yonges the gun, wipes the bore dry, and gives it a light coat
18
TITLE.
Captain,
Plugman,
Loader,
Trainer,
Shellman,
Shellman,
Shellman,
ARMS.
Boarder.
Boarder.
Boarder.
Boarder.
Rifleman.
Rifleman.
Rifleman.
Revolver.
Revolver.
Revolver.
Revolver.
Rifle.
Rifle.
Rifle.
ADDITIONAL
For 7-in. and 8-in. Guns.
Shellman,
Rifleman.
POSITIONS OF CREw.
Rifle.
12 3 4 5 67 (8)
/#.
12 3 4 5 67 (8)
7 53 1 2 4 6 (
FOR EXERCISE.
Ammu. -- on
nition
T.S
Hatch. L-J -
":
C (DO
* N)
C)
164
19
Commands.
lts, and three (or four) rifles with bayonets and belts, and
aces them in racks, or amidships clear of the gun; puts on
lt with primers; takes his station on left of the breech in
ar of 1.
20
4 wipes off gas check seat if brown powder is being used, and
when necessary, if smokeless powder is being used; then assists
with the training, if necessary.
21
167
22
In those 10", 12", or 13" turrets which have both the firin
keys in the center sighting hoodand in those superimpose
turrets which have all the firing keys in the center sightin
hoodthe Turret Officer should take station in
the cinte
structs No. 1 to lay the gun to the loading position, and pe.
sonally sees that it is done in the correct way.
23
169
24
Title.
Station.
2
3
Captain.
Plugman.
Loader.
Liftman.
At lift controller.
Shellman.
Gunners Mate.
Wherever needed.
Commands.
Silence!
Load!
(Designating 0b
Secure!
Silence!
25
3 takes down hand rammer; sees bristle sponge ready for use;
aces loading tray near the breech; sees lock lanyard hanging
at a convenient place ready for use in case the electric cir
it fails; equips himself with belt and primers, unless a sta
nary primer-rack is provided; takes station opposite the
eech in rear of 2.
takes down the division tub and fills it with fresh water; pro
es a bucket of drinking water; provides two marine sponges
places them in the division tub; equips himself with fuze
the gun.
clean
26
he slacks away on the lift motor and allows the car to swin
over to the loading position.
5 releases the car-catch; removes the sections of
charge and lays them on the turret floor.
powd.
3 pushes the shell with his hand through the car onto th
loading tray in the gun.
check seat and screw box with a marine sponge, if any dirth
accumulated there; returns sponge to the tub; stands clear
the recoil.
27
e clear of the recoil, and taps 1 on the leg with his hand as
ignal that the gun is ready to be fired.
M hoists loaded car, as soon as he receives the signal that it
ready, to a position just below the turret floor, and stands
for the next fire.
ay; and then, after 4 has placed the car in loading position,
ey pull the projectile into the car.
hoists car to the vertical position, signals the handling
om, and sends the car down.
removes loading tray.
closes the breech.
DIFICATION
FOR A
PAIR
OF 8-INCH
B. L. R.,
28
4, of left gun, steadies the car; pushes the shell onto the sh
table, and stands ready to push the powder sections onto t
table.
5 steadies the shell on the table and rolls it into the she
bearer; and then swings shell-bearer to its loading positit
loadi
tray.
5 then rolls the shell onto the table and pushes it into t
ammunition-car.
I74
-*::=
29
Commence Firing!
Change Stations!
To be used frequently at drill in order to familiarize the men
h all the duties in the turret.)
At this command, each man goes up one number, except
p. 1, who becomes 5.
at they cast loose. No. 2 will lock the turret before the
irrent (or pressure) is turned off the training motors (or
ngines). The Gunner's Mate, assisted by the crew, thoroughly
Donges the gun, wipes the bore dry, and then gives it a light
5at of oil supplied for that purpose. This should be done, if
racticable, while the bore is hot.
I2
175
30
Title.
Station.
1
2
8
Superintends in handling-roo
Shellman.
Handles shell.
4
5
Powderman.
&4
4&
4 :
Handles powder.
4&
4 :
*{
SECONDARY BATTERY,
SECONDARY BATTERY.
Silence!
Load!
(Designating ob
177
Gun No.
Title.
Station.
1
2
Captain.
Plugman.
At shoulder-piece.
At operating lever.
Arms
Revolve
ReVoivt
Loader.
Revolve
Water.
Load!
*-*
------
Unload!
Change Stations!
(To be used frequently at drill in order to familiarize the men
th all the duties at the gun.)
At this command each man goes up one number, except No.
who becomes 3; 2 becomes 1; 3 becomes 2.
Secure!
| The numbers return what they provided and secure what they
ast loose.
IZQ
(4 men.)
Gun No. Title.
1
2
Captain.
Plugman.
Loader.
4. Shellman.
Station.
Arms.
At shoulder-piece.
At operating lever.
In rear of gun.
Revolver.
Revolver.
Revolver.
Revolver.
m-:=
-------
Load!
passes cartridges to 3.
hen only a few cartridges remain, 4 calls out Shell!,
reupon 3 and 4 go for more ammunition. 2 loads during
ence of 3 and 4, and a continuous fire is maintained.
Commence Firing!
adjusts sight for designated range.
aims and fires; the gun is reloaded, he fires again, and so
until the command Cease Firing! is given.
loads after each discharge.
passes ammunition to 3, and keeps empty cases clear of the
1.
Unload!
stud is free from the groove, lets the crank handle rest at
limit of backward throw; takes the block in both hand, i.
verts it and places it on deck; presses on the sear, snapi
the hammer, or easing it by the cocking toe to the snappelp
sition; removes the extractor.
With blocks having flat springs:
ing or tapping on the point till clear and taking care not
cut the hand on the sharp edges of the point.
With blocks having spiral springs:
it and pulls out the sear spring; places proper arm of the (
mounting tool on the rear end of the firing point, turns
182
clamps the gun; presses down the spring catch on the end
the main bolt, removes the operating handle and then the
ing catch and taps the end of the main bolt to start it out;
ces left hand under the breech block, taking the weight off
main bolt, and when main bolt is withdrawn allows the
ck to turn, and withdraws it to the rear, laying it on deck,
e down.
1 removes
ir side down, pulls out the sear spring, slides off the face
e; withdraws the main cam and returns the block to its
ition face down; removes the catch from the rear end of the
g pin, and then, holding the block firmly with the knee,
ks the dismounting tool in the eye in the rear end of the
ng pin; takes the strain off the mainspring, slides the sear
of its slot, eases down the firing pin and allows it and the
# forward end, 2 unscrews the left guide bolt and 3 the right,
fore proceeding further with dismounting.
Mount Breech Mechanism.
ill cock when the face plate is returned, or the firing point will
e broken.
*
183
Title.
Captain.
Loader.
Shellman.
Arms.
Revolver.
Revolver.
Revolver.
Commence Firing!
box on the gun, unships the empty box and ships a new
, following the old belt closely with the end of the new one,
proceeds as in Load! After starting a filled belt, assists
necessary in providing ammunition.
passes boxes containing filled belts to 2; starts each new
by pulling it through the loading aperture, working on the
side of the gun. When ammunition is nearly exhausted,
lly filled belt from 2; sees that boxes containing filled belts,
rtially filled belts, and empty belts, are grouped apart.
1 pulls the trigger, snapping the lock.
Change Stations!
gun.)
At this command each man goes up one number, except No.
who becomes 3; 2 becomes 1; 3 becomes 2.
Secure!
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS.
To Remove the Lock.
Take out the cover pin, open the cover, turn the crank hand
over to the front, and see that the carrier drops; them tak
hold of the top of the lock casing and raise the lock, allowin
the crank handle to come slowly back, then if there are any liv
cartridges in the carrier remove them (while the latter is almos
fully down); now seize the lock in front, give it one-sixth e
a turn either way, and lift it out.
Open the cover, and feed block can then be lifted out by pi
ing it vertically upwards.
To Replace Feed Block.
position, taking care that the feed block slide is well over
noved.
the filling in pieces right and left and the muzzle stuffing
Insert the cleaning rod into the barrel from the breech,
ve the nut at the other end of it, and place the barrel nut
ler over the cleaning rod allowing the end of the latter to
through the hole in front portion of spanner, and push in
panner until the projections on it engage in the corre
ling notches on the barrel nut, then replace the nut on the
ing rod and screw it up against the spanner; then by
ng the spanner, and loosening the cleaning-rod nut, the
atch hold of the springs at the ends of the arms, pull both
y from the studs and at the same time lift the bracket with
knee until the studs are opposite the large recesses in the
s at the ends of the arms; the bracket can then be pulled
(a)
(b)
parts
(c)
feed block.
: front lay the belt in layers in the box, taking care to fit
sm tightly and well up to both ends, then replace the lid.
the sight protector is removed from the sight see that it is
wed on to its stud on the right outside plate.
Points to be Attended to During Firing.
See that a sufficient supply of water is kept in the water
:lzet so that the barrel shall never be uncovered.
k)
in the feed
ock, turn the crank handle fully to the front, pull the belt
189
--
rv
I.
t charge.
I.
..I.
W.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(a)
Want of oil.
Damaged lock.
Fault of feed.
Missfire.
II. Turn the indicator lever to safe, open the cover, press
bwn the carrier and turn the crank handle over to the front,
cover, and look at the face of the feed block, when it will po
ably be seen that the cartridges have not been properly fedu!
Now feel the belt in the feed block to see whether it is los
Turn the crank handle over fully to the front, pull the
o the left through the feed block and let go the handle.
is action the defective cartridges will be drawn out of the
ber and placed in the ejector tube, and a new cartridge
in from the belt and placed in the chamber.
issfires may occur as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
By a defective cartridge.
GUN.
To Strip the Gun."
Remove the ammunition box bracket.
Drive out the split pin of the cover joint pin, remove colla
and joint pin, and take off cover.
Remove feed block, lock and clock spring box.
Drive out the taper securing pin (from the left) at the rea
end of the breech casing; take hold of the pistol grip and li:
slightly, strike the top edges of the outside plates alternatel
with a wooden mallet and the buffer block will lift out.
Drive out split pin from the roller nut, remove the nut, rolle:
and dead stop.
casing clear of the box; drive out the water-jacket securing pit
(from the left), then give the top edges of the outside plae,
a few taps with a mallet (holding the weight at the same tire
and taking care not to strike the gun metal; the breech cas
will slide down the dovetails and become detached from
water-jacket.
To Assemble the Gun.
Unscrew top lever fixing screw, drive out the bottom lev
and remove top lever and slide.
Drive out top pawl axis pin and remove the top pawls al
-
Drive out bottom pawl axis pin and remove the bottom paw
and bottom pawl spring.
To Assemble the Feed Block.
, removed.
t any air which has been poured in with the liquid may
ape, and then replace the filling plug and the small brass
eW.
Drive out axis pin for the lifting levers and remove lifting
vers and lockspring.
Drive out axis pins for hand-sear and tumbler, and remove
and-sear and tumbler.
Drive out axis pin for side levers, and remove the side levers
nd firing pin.
I95
Drive out the safety-sear axis pin, and remove the safety-se
with spring.
Remove the carrier, push out gib spring shutter, and tal
out gib spring and gib.
To Assemble the Lock.
1.
*
cut, while in the opposite side is cut a square groove. Th:
groove slides over the square end of a screw located axially 5.
the gudgeon, on the left hand side. The threaded end of th:
rack works through the axis of the hand wheel.
Hand Wheel.
on either side. The lower part fits over the plain section &
the elevating rack screw and the upper part is threaded on th:
inside for the screw, and on the outside for the elevating ros
head.
stantly pressed outward and against the inner wall of the pit
section of the hand wheel.
out to its extreme limit, the steel ball will be pressed half
On the right hand side of the gun, just below and on eithe
side of the feed box are two studs.
side plate of the gun and the other is screwed to the wate
jacket. To these studs the ends of the arc of the ammunitio
198
tray has two of its edges turned up with ribs on the inner
; these ribs fit the grooves in the gun-metal guide strips
$ned to the two longer bottom edges of the ammunition box
ler, and when engaged with the guide ribs is pushed home,
in the spring catch, depressed by the weight of the box,
es and keeps it securely in place.
Ammunition Box.
The belt is made thick at the edge next to the bullet by being
lded over so that the cartridges may lie even in the box.
he canvas is water-proofed to render it insensible to climatic
\nditions.
I99
7.
(4 men.)
Gun No.
1
Title.
Captain.
Arms.
Revolver.
Loader.
Revolver.
Sheliman.
Revolver.
Shellman.
Revolver.
Load!
Change Stations!
To be used frequently at drill in order to familiarize the men
1 all the duties at the gun.)
W.
Put on the hand lever and compress the action spring filth". "
then place on the special clip which holds the spring On.
pressed; remove hand lever and spring.
2
Unscrew the pawl spring axis pin and remove the pawl
spring.
Unscrew the pawl axis pin and remove the action pawl.
Unscrew the trigger joint pin and remove the trigger pl.
and spring.
Insert the piston in the recoil cylinder from the front and,
means of the tool, screw the piston rod into the hole in the
on the breech of the gun, which is threaded to receive it, t
screw on the forward cap of the recoil cylinder, fill the cylin
with glycerine and water, with gun at extreme elevation, a
screw in the filling plugs.
handle or any other suitable tool, till the axis pin can
ewed up against the shoulder of the spring.
ke the breech block, see that the mechanism is cocked and
the extractor arms are back, and replace it from under
h, then pass the action lever axis pin through the slot in
side box, through the action lever, taking care that the
pler is pointing to the rear; now lift up the pawl and the
in lever axis pin can be pushed quite home.
1sh the extractor arms forward and raise the block to the
gain
Drive out the split pin, securing the action lever pin, and
move the action lever and pin.
Pull out the trigger lever and remove the trigger sear with
s spring.
ring and the rear of the block, and push it down till he rear
2O3
--
arm of the spring is under the lugs at the end of the tool, th
pull the tool smartly up and the spring will come out.
Unscrew and take out the safety sear axis pin, then rem
safety sear and spring.
Drive out the cocking lever axis pin and remove the cock :
lever.
Drive out the firing pin slide in the direction of the arts,
then the firing pin can be taken out.
To Assemble the Mechanism:
Take the firing pin slide and insert it in the block int.
opposite direction to the arrow, the position of the slide bill
such that the word Out on it reads correctly when the by
is standing with its top or hollow side uppermost.
Take the cocking lever and insert it in position, seeing th
is passed through the slot in the firing pin, and replace
cocking lever axis pin.
Place the safety sear spring on its guide pin and rep
safety sear and axis pin.
Replace the action lever and pin, and secure the latter wi
its split pin, taking care that the action pin passes between t
safety sear and cocking lever.
If it is required to change the firing pin point, insert ti
arm of any suitable tool or spanner through the slot in the bot
of the firing pin and unscrew the front part of the pin
means of the special spanner supplied for the purpose, then
means of a small pin punch drive out the point from the rea
204
|
|
(3 men.)
O.
Title.
Station.
Arms.
Crankman.
Revolver.
Loader.
Revolver.
Captain.
Revolver.
lants his feet firmly on deck to resist the motion of the ship.
3 takes filled feed case from box and ships it in position on
out of the gun, replaces them in the case, and returns cast
the box.
loaded.
Change Stations!
(To be used frequently at drill in order to familiarize t
men with all the duties at the gun.)
At this command No. 1 becomes 3; 2 becomes 1; 3B
CO1mes 2.
Secure!
er
thrown open.
Disabled Lock.
lis accident need not interrupt the fire; change the lock if
e is time; if not, withdraw it and there is but the loss of
irom the corresponding barrel.
Jammed Cartridge.
lis often happens owing to wear of parts, and when very
d fire is attempted. If a cartridge jams, reverse the crank
ly, then try ahead slowly, it will sometimes go smoothly,
if it continues to jam raise the hopper, reverse the crank
ily, throw out the jammed cartridge, close the hopper and
the firing. If a cartridge head is pulled off, leaving
artridge shell in the bore, the next cartridge which enters
barrel will jam; if this is the cause of the accident to the
use a shell-extractor and rammer to remove the shell,
emove lock.
2O7
(3 men.)
Gun No.
1
Title.
Station.
Captain.
1st Loader.
In rear of gun.
On left of gun.
2d Loader.
In rear of 2.
Arms.
Revolver.
Revolver.
Revolver.
gas lever, letting it go, and pulling the trigger; sees the bit
clear; sees mount in working order; when all is ready rept
If #
gun is mounted aloft, 1 goes aloft, sends down whip for an:
nition and other articles; receives articles whipped up by:
and 3.
2 if gun is not mounted, assists 1 to bring case contain
the gun, and then mounts the gun; provides three revo
with belts and ammunition; places revolvers in rack and b
clear of gun; assists 3 to bring ammunition; takes station
left side of gun.
3 provides ammunition and places it on deck to the left
to the rear of the gun; takes station at the ammunition box
If the gun is mounted aloft, 2 and 3 whip the articles
ammunition to the top before going aloft, and then secure
whip and net under the top.
==
Secure!
81
MOUNT.
The mount includes three parts: The saddle, the yoke, and
the tripod.
The saddle consists of a flat bed into which the gun fits, Ind
an arc swinging about a pivot in the yoke.
Clamp screws are provided for securing the gun in trainand
elevation, while by means of a friction screw any desired deget
of freedom of motion of the arc is permitted.
The tripod consists of three legs of solid drawn nickel-ste
tubing, supporting the pivot socket. The rear leg carries at
adjustable saddle for the operator, and to it is secured a leater
bag containing the following spare parts and accessories:
I mainspring.
2 bolt pins.
I hammer.
2 firing-pin locks.
2 firing pins.
I trigger spring.
2 firing-pin springs.
I sear spring.
2 shell extractors.
2 shell-extractor springs.
2 shell-extractor pins.
I cartridge extractor.
2 handle locks.
I oil can.
2 screw-drivers.
3 drifts.
I jointed wiping rod.
I operating handle.
the right side of the gun in rear of the safety; then withdra
the lock, leaving the handle free to be drawn out to the rea
The handles are fitted neatly and may, when new, have to b
driven out and in by light blows with a lead or wooden mau
2IO
row gas lever to its rear position and hold it there while
ever of the handle lock is inserted in the small hole in the
projects through the left side plate, thus freeing the bolt
the slide, but locking the latter to the receiver, so that
1 the gas lever is let go it cannot fly forward, being held
he slide.
ling out their pins with the handle lock, or with the drifts
ided.
sert the bolt and push it forward as far as it will go, then
one hand under gas lever, holding it against bottom
!, and with handle lock push bolt pin entirely in; release
lever and let it go forward. Replace handle and handle
, turning the latter down to the locking position.
To Dismount Mechanism.
the head of the latter, then take out side-plate screws and
love left side plate (the lock screw is not removed); turn
1 upright and remove right side plate; lift frame and barrel
bottom plate and lay gun down on right side. The action
2II
8.
Return trip to seat, then put on left side plate and scr
down.
The rate of fire of the guns as now (the first 50 guns) issue
to the service is fixed at a minimum of 400 shots per minut
and each gun is required to maintain this rate for one minu
2I2
ced by causing the gun to fire with the lever more open.
he limits of variation due to an adjustment of the firing in
|ant are, of course, narrow, as the bolt must be fully closed
nd locked before firing. Seventh, the point of firing can be
which operates on the sear; this will allow the lever to close
2I3
F
TIE Colt AUTOMATIC GUN.
85
further before the hammer is released, and the rate of fire will
be slightly increased.
the gun with the gas lever up, while in others, to be mentione
2I4
'henever the gun stops firing in the midst of a belt, keep the
"r on the trigger and look at the gas lever. If this is entirely
maintain the trigger pressure for two or three seconds, in
sh time, if the stoppage was due to a hangfire, the gun will
a case the gun stops with the lever open, one of the follow
conditions may have arisen:
irst. Following up" of Sear.This is due, in a new gun,
too great thickness of the nib of the sear, so that the bolt
s not push the hammer back sufficiently far for the sear to
8.
The remedy is to clear the jam, remove the empty case, ind
to examine the extractor. If it is broken or chipped on the
nib, or if the spring fails to work well, replace it.
Third. Jam of Cartridge in Carrier.This accident has ben
It can be
ries, which may be slipped over the gas-lever pin, for opera:
ing the lever when the gun is hot.
The only cautions that need be observed are these:
I.. If the gun stops with the lever closed, wait two or thre
seconds to see if a hangfire has occurred.
2. If the gun is very hot, as after continuous firing for thre:
or four minutes, release the belt and draw it out an inch or tw.
to the left, then work the gas lever, emptying the chamber.
3. Always, in operating the lever by hand, do so slowly, ob.
serving the action of the mechanism meanwhile, and do no
attempt to clear any jams by force.
4. In loading belts, see that the cartridges are all pushe.
*
216
The gun being very light and easily trained in any direction,
hould always be fired with clamps loose and directed by the
ng hand; it will be found that, with a little practice, it is as
y to handle the gun and direct the stream of bullets on any
ject as to play a stream of water from a hose.
n firing at a fixed target from a fixed platform the gun may
carefully sighted and then clamped. In rapid firing the gun
l throw up slightly and the shots will strike a little higher
in in single shot firing.
SPARE BARRELS.
With each gun is issued a spare barrel, which has been care
ly fitted to the receiver and given the same number as the
n to which it belongs.
To replace a barrel the gun is entirely dismounted and the
rrel placed in a strong vise, when the receiver may be un
ewed by the use of a heavy monkey-wrench (a 24-inch or
inch wrench should be used); the new barrel is then entered
d screwed home until the qualifying mark on its lower
217
80
is: surprise
The prescribed
is
Hotchkiss guns,
les. When the target or enemy is very close, the rear sight
be dropped to zero without difficulty.
D avoid confusion in the meaning of the foregoing terms,
# are here with defined as follows:
fine sight is one in which the tip of the front sight is in
bottom of the rear sight notch; a medium sight has the tip
middle of the top of the notch; a coarse sight has the
above the notch. The distance also of the eye from the
linary rear sight affects the line of sight; increasing the dis
ce renders the sight more coarse.
BATTERY.
the axes of the bores with the turret top. This may be us
as a finder by an officer or one of the crew. A simil
white line, from #4 to 1 inch in width, according to the calibe.
*---~
ing much more powerful than the old primers, the vent
seldom choked, and the primers enter and extract easily and
eck satisfactorily. Should they, however, in any case refuse
extract, they can be withdrawn by a special tool provided
"
The vent does not need cleaning, but the primer seat shoul!
be cleaned out whenever a primer has leaked about the mouth
This is not imperative unless the leak is very serious.
.#
Firing Lock.
8.Be sure that the firing lock is screwed all the way 01
the mushroom stem; i. e., until the spring catch takes in
slot. When the lock is screwed home, the end of the m
room stem should be flush with the edge of the wedge slot
the receiver. If the lock is not screwed home tightly,
primer case will burst when the gun is fired, and the gases
fuse the primer case and spike the vent.
Loading.
9.Every precaution must be taken to prevent injury to
gas check seat. To this end, the loading tray must be usi
except with fixed ammunition, both when loading and unlo
ing the gun with service or dummy charges. The lip on fr
Experiment
Sponging.
E-mee-m
9:
gas check seat, breech plug and screw box are cleaned with
marine sponges.
II.With each new gun there are issued to service three gas
check pads, and two sets of gas check rings. These pads and
rings are carefully fitted to the guns, and are not likely to
give any serious trouble. The rings and pads, when this
fitted, are marked for the gun to which they belong, and may
be used in this particular gun without any special adjustment
hi
light bearing upon the gas check slope of the gun, just
fficient to feel at the close of the locking motion that the
d is taking a bearing
With the latest form of gas check, the mushroom nuts
ould be set up moderately tight and left so. There is very
tle chance of the pad or rings sticking.
Providing.
9.
Ammunition Supply.
I4.The prompt and regular supply of ammunition is one
of the most important parts of the drill of R. F. and Q, F.
guns. The shellmen must be made to form a chain from the
ammunition hoist to the breech of the gun. The cartridges
are to be taken out of the boxes at points to be previously
designated, at a suitable distance from the hoist, and the fut:
is to be adjusted and the case wiped off at a point near th:
gun. The men with cartridges form in a line or chain, in:
, \
cket and the metal handle to the end of your tongue, then
ace one hand on the gun to complete the circuit and have
me one press the firing-key. If the circuit is all right for
ing, you will feel a slight tingle on your tongue.
tion.
On
uns other than those in turrets, the firing key and wire,
nd the earth connections, should be removed after exercise
are should be observed that the same poles of all the batteries
227
9.
00
runnion.
reather quarter.
Rule for setting the sliding leaf: Set the sliding leaf against
he ship and wind, and with the moving target;that is,
Dwards the stern of your ship, into the wind, and in the same
i 18.With large caliber guns, fire when on the target at the end
f & rol/,
229
edge of the chamber. The lower edge and sides are protectd
respectively by the breech block and the extractors.
5If, in loading, a cartridge jams and will not let the breed
block close, never attempt to drive it home by forcing th
block; unload at once, put the cartridge aside and try another
It should not, however, be expected that all cartridge cast
will go completely home without effort, as the least dirt on
case or in the chamber will prevent this. There should be m
hesitation in driving a cartridge home with the force due t
swinging the breech block smartly.
6.-If for any reason the cartridge case will not extrac
catch the head with the extracting tool and pull it out.
this fails, ram it out from the muzzle.
230
- - -:-
L16
------
117
redistribute
the ammunition
so
as to
completely fill all partially filled boxes except one. This hs!
partially filled box should never be sent up on deck in suply
1ng.
brus:
18
Accessories.
5 Ammunition boxes.
I
o Ammunition belts, 25 cart- I
ridges each.
I
I Hammer, bronze.
4
I Hammer, lead 5 lbs.
I
4 Combination spanners.
2
Oil can.
Pliers.
Extractor for broken shell.
Punches (special).
Cleaning rod. No. 1.
Screw-drivers (I large,
small).
Cleaning brush.
DIRECTIONS
FOR DISMOUNTING AND ASSEMBLING
234
The trigger
ring will then fall out. To remove the sear, first pull the sear
m retaining spring directly down with the assembling pin.
ow pull the sear arm to fired position. Insert the end of as
mbling pin in the recess in the end of the sear and pull the
ar directly outward until the sear toe hits the sear arm. While
this position, turn the sear until the toe comes opposite the
Barance cut and withdraw.
With assembling pin press sear spring end from its seat in the
in, when spring and arm will drop out.
Unscrew the firing pin bushing and withdraw the firing pin,
Pring and collar, using the cocking lever to unscrew bushing.
To remove or replace the firing pin without removing block
Om gun: Remove breech plate, lower the block to loading
Osition, withdraw cocking lever pin and lever and raise block
) firing position, when firing pin and spring can be removed.
Insert opera
tion. Lower the pivot yoke into its seat and screw pivot
into pivot. Place slide in pivot yoke and bolt down the
squares and clamp slide in slightly depressed position.
t
|
Operating lever.
I5
I6
Operating spring.
17
I8
Turnbuckle.
I9
Turnbuckle hook.
Cocking lever.
2O
Extractors.
2I
Sear.
22
Firing pin.
Firing pin collar.
Firing spring.
Cam plate.
Cam plate screws.
Sear arm.
23 Trip plate.
24 Trip plate lever.
Sear spring.
Sear arm retaining spring. 25 Trip plate bolt.
26 Trip plate spring.
Breech plate.
Breech plate pin.
Trigger.
28 Trigger spring.
Breech plate pin spring.
2
II
Frictionless washer.
I2
Shoulder bar.
Pivot yoke.
Pivot yoke clamp.
I3
I4
Recoil sleeve.
Pivot bolt.
I5
Cap squares.
Cap square bolts.
Oscillating slide clamp.
Oscillating slide.
Filling pieces.
I6
17
I8
Piston rod.
I9
2O
237
Commands.
Draw!
Load!
Pack Load!
drop the pistol into it, latch up, cylinder in the palm, ba
between thumb and first finger, muzzle 45 degrees to the l
and depressed 45 degrees to prevent throwing out any unfi
cartridges. With thumb of right hand unlatch cylinder,
with second and third fingers of left hand turn out the cylind
pressing crane firmly back, first finger resting on barrel
joint of frame, and fourth finger on hammer. Press
ejector-rod gently with the thumb of left hand, and with
238
ol, press the ejector smartly and let the empty shells drop
; then depress the muzzle, and let the left thumb slip from
stor-rod and rest on cylinder; carry the right hand to cart
ge box and loosen the catch.
ake cartridges from the box and fill empty chambers; fasten
ridge box flap; grasp the grip of pistol with right hand,
er clear of trigger. With thumb of left hand press cylinder
me smartly; remove thumb, and attempt with second and
'd fingers to revolve and to force out the cylinder, when
movement will indicate incomplete latching.
-
his command is used for volley firing. Full cock the pistol
h the thumb of right hand and carry the first finger to the
ger; extend the right arm with elbow slightly bent, and
at the designated object, with the fore sight filling the
ch to the top of the frame.
.xcept when at very close quarters, the single action should
-
used; that is, the pistol should be full cocked before firing.
Dr firing will be the result if the double action is used at
'arm near elbow; grasp right elbow firmly with left hand.
t the command Kneel, kneel as prescribed for infantry,
ping pistol at position of Draw! To aim when kneeling.
239
place the left elbow on left knee, extend right arm, and gr:
right wrist with left hand.
Fire!
Unload!
to the cartridge box, and throw out the empty shell; close t
cylinder and resume the position of Draw!
Return!
14
No artificial rest for the pistol or for the arm will be per
mitted. The position for shooting is that of Draw!
Except for very long pistol ranges, when they may be used
'ither standing or kneeling, the arm rest and body rest should be
liscouraged, as it is believed that men should shoot for record
is they would shoot in combat. Careful instruction will enable
most men to score as well from the free arm position of
signed not to fall until the trigger is pulled, unless the mech
ism be broken; but several casualties have occurred in the
vice through dropping the revolver or otherwise striking
hammer a smart blow.
upon the muscles, and not upon the braced bones of the a
At the instant of pulling the trigger, the grip of the hand and
muscles of the arm should be slightly tautened, to steady
"-
16
=:-
" -Tw----------
243
154
I. Draw the bolt fully to the rear, then place the piece act
hollow of left arm.
thumb, and at the same time turn bolt handle to left with ri
hand.
dismounting.
Olt.
244
155
right and at the same time press strongly with the first
nger against right side of extractor.
5. After the hinge bar pin is fully home, turn the head into
s seat by opening the gate.
# Remove upper
) its vertical position and move the slide to top of leaf, force
and guard springs off barrel by screw-driver blades inserted
etween guard and stock, then turn guard across barrel and
'move it over top of sight leaf.
4. Remove guard screws and guard.
5. Remove receiver and barrel from stock.
245
156
spindle will rest on the ridge when the spring will not
the cut-off up or down.
Io. To remove safety lock, turn it vertical and strike :
front face of its thumb-piece a light blow.
tened and not the straight sides of the spring spindle bear
the curved surface of the recesses in the receiver.
start the hinge of the sear into its seat in the receiver, 3
157
e front end of which has been filled with a wooden plug, and
Dse the bolt; clean the bore with rags saturated with soda
ater, or, if that is not obtainable, with water; wipe thoroughly
'y with clean rags; remove the bolt and cartridge shell; clean
nd dry the chamber, from the rear, in the same manner;
nally oil both chamber and bore with cosmoline oil, leaving
light coating. When the jointed rod is used, remove the
>1t, clean half the bore from the muzzle, and the remainder
trough the receiver, as above prescribed.
If gas escapes at the base of the cartridge, it will probably
nter the well of the bolt through the striker hole. In this
use the bolt mechanism must be dismounted, and the parts
nd well of the bolt thoroughly cleaned. Before assembling
le bolt mechanism, the firing pin, barrel and undercuts of
Many parts can generally be cleaned with dry rags; all parts
fter cleaning should be wiped with an oiled rag.
The best
The stock and hand guard may be coated with raw linseed oil
nd polished by rubbing with the hand.
247
TORPEDOES
From Gun and Torpedo Drills, U. S. Navy.
REVISED BY
CONTENTS
(Pages numbered at the bottom.)
Torpedo Crew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drill for Whitehead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Obry Gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To Adjust the Obry Gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274.
Repairs to Torpedoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277.
Care of Launching Tubes and Tube Mounts . . . . . . . . . . . .
248
-:-->
- -
Dne torpedo crew (4 men) for each single tube, or for each
rpedo and its appliances, and preparing the tube and its
249
(4 men.)
No.
1
2
3
4
Title.
Arms.
Revolver
Revolver
Revolver
Revolver
11SeC1.
ens
SeC1.
Marks on
&
2 (r) removes practice nose and puts in dry gun cotton prin
(s) screws in war nose with its exploder and sees fan run
ward (motions r and s may have to be performed bef
Shove home"); 1 (t) inserts primer and connects fir
nose.
=*-*-
- -
254
m., Marks I. and II., push down the ratchet bar two teeth
eans of tool No. 9 through a hole in the top of the shell
2 torpedo; in 3.55 m., Mark III., and 5 m., Marks I. and II.,
with 3.55 m., Marks I., II., and III., use tool No. 40 with
anent scale on after vertical blade; and with 5 m., Marks I.
~.
255
and II., use tools No. 44 and No. 45. With air on the eng
and with tool No. 9 (for Marks I. and II.), and tool No. 1.
adjusting nut (for Mark III., and 5 m., Marks I. and II)
serted through hole in the side of the shell of torpedo, in
the valve stem of the steering engine back and forth to
limit.
and make sure that the vertical rudders work freely and #
proper throw. To adjust the Obry gear: screw the ge:
the adjusting stand, connecting the valve stem to the t
tiller rod. Put in the gyroscope wheel, entering the fo
pivot, which should not have been disturbed when dismo
in)
ValVe.
i) Fill oil cups, valve group, engine, gear-box and tail; also
all rudder connections and water tripper.
throw of horizontal rudder, noting that it moves
# Test
ely.
(2) Set distance gear sector, being careful to have cam pin
ainst the stud on the sector.
run. One turn of the socket wrench gives one tooth on the
Stance Sector.
(3) Set depth index. With socket wrench turn the spindle
itil the index shows the required depth, generally from 5 to
(4) Lock rudder for time and position. The rudder should
'main locked until the speed of the torpedo has become some
257
accomplish this.
yards, and one division on the locking dial gives about 9 yard
Locking for position means maintaining the rudder, up (
down, or horizontal, while it is locked for time. This pos
tion of the rudder depends somewhat upon the circumstanc
of the dive; with a high dive or shallow water, up rudder ma:
be advisable; with a low dive or deep water, down rudder n:
division.
ment card.
i.
(5) If for action, hook up sinking gear or take out drain pig
(1) Place gyroscope and see vertical rudder free. (If g(0.
scope is not used, lock vertical rudder.)
(m) Be careful that starting lever is down and wind the C#.
gear. The starting lever must not be raised after this is dat
Set valve plug of adjustable gyroscope if used.
l
(n) See that main stop valve is open.
If air impulse
mand.)
2. Where, as above, the air flasks are kept charged, the pres
1re must be verified daily.
ducing valve does not leak.
Such
After a torpedo is
==
ToRPEDO PRACTICE.
TORPEDO PRACTICE.
3. When the torpedo finishes its run the boat will go along
;ine air joint; lock pendulum; and strike the torpedo below
o be prepared for another run or for stowage.
ToRPEDO PRACTICE.
175
GENERAL REMARKS.
air joints are kept free from grit and dirt and from deforma
tion in handling; that steel screws, drain plugs, vertical vanes,
rudder connections, guides for rudder connections and other
the air flask, preferably near the heads of the flask, care being
taken never to let the torpedo rest on the tail for even an
instant.
176
of the shell and to oil it, if stowed under cover, and protected
from moisture, or to coat it with vaseline, if exposed to the
weather or dampness, or if stowed in a launching tube; to dry
and oil the joint screws of the head, the engine-room door
screws, the drain plugs, the inner surfaces of the vertical vanes,
177
body.
Air may be let out of the air flask, on occasions when it is
not desired to disconnect the after body, by slacking up the
air-joint screws connecting the air pipe from the air flask to
the valve group.
-
Great care must be taken that any water which may, through
negligence, be carried over by the air charge is not allowed to
collect and stand in the air flask. To this end, while the after
Assembling Tests.
While the torpedo is being assembled preparatory to prac
leaks, (I) at the top of the valve group around the followe
266
B)
at the joint between the valve group and the engine, (3)
8. Remove the propeller lock, set the distance gear for two
teeth on the sector, raise the water tripper, throw back the
rting lever, and let the engine revolve slowly until stopped
v the action of the distance mechanism.
move the propeller lock and revolve the engine slowly to test
he locking gear.
12. Try the full throw due to the steering engine. Lay the
udder level and move the valve stem of the steering engine
ack and forth to its limit and see if the rudder throw is at
east four (4) divisions down and three and one-half (3%) up.
13. Level the torpedo and balance the throw due to the
lydrostatic piston alone. The down throw of the rudder due
180
To di
this, first remove the charging and check valve and open
stop valve to allow the air to escape. Then remove the sy
valve, turn the flask bottom up, and sling it so that the at
this air pipe again fills it shows that the stop valve is not
good condition. When opening the stop valve for a run scre
the spindle full distance up, as it is tighter in that position.
Hydrostatic Piston.With the depth index set at 5 feet
Six points of the valve star changes the position of the rudder
Dne division.
269
182
f
THE WHITEHEAD TORPEDO.
183
ark III. and long Mark I. torpedoes are fitted with the Obry
ar, and they require a shallow or flat dive. Unless the dive
flat it is possible that the vessel's speed might throw the
ren if the torpedo breaches after initial dive the Obry will
rrect the course and give a straight run.
An extra guide stud has been placed on the short Mark III.
rpedoes because the spoon of the tube is short and will not
herwise permit a flat dive. As the Mark III. torpedo when
ly charged and ready for launching has a negative buoyancy
about 20 lbs., it is advisable, in making first trial shots, to
e about 1000 lbs. initial pressure for a 400 yds. run and to set
e regulator for a high initial speed, in order to insure ample
The long Mark I. torpedo has ample buoyancy, and its tube
is a spoon of such length as not to require the extra guide
ud for giving a flat dive. Its charge is 7 oz.
In making the adjustments preliminary to launching, do not
too much up throw and not enough down. The reducing vak
may not work freely, owing to a burr, or dirt, or loose plug
A series of short breaches indicates that the rudder has no
been unlocked, or only partly unlocked. An undulating cous
entering the water, that the starting lever was not pulled all it
way to the rear, or to worn counter ratchet.
more than 8 feet above the water, little if any depression; when
between 5 and 8 feet, a mean proportional depression. (These
272
affect upon the result as though the torpedo had deviated from
its course by the same amount that the ship has swung.
| To Test the Obry while in the Torpedo.See the starting lever
down, raise the water tripper, and put the yoke on the pro
pellers. Put the transporting strap on, and sling the torpedo
186
gently from side to side, and note the angle, or arc, through
which the tail moves when the vertical rudders move from Cit
Continue to swing the torpedo to the right and left for for
or five minutes, and notice if the limiting points of the at
through which the tail is swung remain constant, or if it is
necessary to swing the torpedo a little farther to the right Gr
left each time. If such is the case, and the ship is steady, them
the gyroscope wheel is probably not keeping in the same plane
as it should. It will therefore be necessary to adjust the Obry:
of the Obry, with a socket wrench, and lift the Obry out of the
torpedo. Put it in the frame of the adjusting stand and screw.
in the holding-down screws.
187
Wind up the Obry and try the running of the wheel again.
Sontinue the operation until there is no horizontal motion of
188
upon the stop, stop arm and air cushion sufficient to bend ti
cam shaft and impulse sector, thus rendering the gear useles
276
189
Repairs.
The following repairs can generally be made on board ship:
eaks of small parts in the mechanism of the torpedo and
cessories; dents in the shell of the torpedo; water leaks; air
aks; leaks in valves; and breaks or cracks in air pipes.
A supply of spare parts to replace such parts of the mechan
m as are most likely to be lost, or broken in exercise, is fur
hed with each outfit.
190
its heads; the junction of the body of the charging and sto
valves with the head of the air flask; stop valves of air con
pressors and accumulators whose stems stand vertical; an
porous castings.
valve group oil cup may be neglected, provided they are very
small, and a small leak around the stem of the controlling
valve, when air is admitted to the reducing valve, is unavoi:
able, but all other air leaks must be carefully attended to.
flask and its heads, at the junction of the body of the charging
and stop valves with the head, and at the permanent joint of
the air pipe where it passes through the joint ring of the im.
mersion chamber may sometimes, if very small, be stopped by
solder, the surface having first been carefully cleaned. Exper.
ence has shown, however, that there is rarely any remedy for
a leak around the head of the air flask, however slight, short
of a new head.
191
Air leaks around valves under which washers are used may
le due to injury to the washer or to deformation of the valve.
n the latter case the valve must be reground. Valves which
epend for their tightness on a close fit in their seats, without
he interposition of washers, must be ground in afresh when
eaks are developed.
: Before grinding valves make sure that the leaks are not
aused by the want of perfect cleanliness and, where grinding
s necessary, use either oil alone, or oil and soft oil stone,
owdered and free from grit, or oil and finely-ground glass.
Breaks and cracks in copper air pipes are not likely to occur,
mut when repairs become necessary, due to this cause, cut out
he damaged portion and replace it by a length of larger pipe
:lipped over the cut ends, letting it lap the ends at least two
nches and brazing the laps carefully with soft spelter, filing
lown the ends of the larger piece for a smooth finish. An air
and sand must be kept clear of tubes and their mounts when
279
192
surfaces and working parts with oil, and ease all stop valves
and drain valves of the compressor and in the piping to pre
vent them from setting in their seats.
28o
193
281
PART IV
ARMS, 1902
Prepared by
LIEUT. CoMDR. ALBERT P. NIBLACK, U. S. NAVY
CONTENTS
3d Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4th Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32I
322
325
III.
IV.
Standing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Kneeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Sitting Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Lying Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Rear Sight, Model 1901 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34I
Gallery Practice ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Revolver Firing ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35I
W. Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WI.
353
General Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
373
NAVY DEPARTMENT,
WASHINGTON, D. C., August 28, 1902.
by
th
284
ADDENDA
iring in the gallery, but has not completed the gallery qualifica
ion, called B, the entry of the letter A will be made on his
enlistment record to indicate that the next step is B.
The
entry of any letter, say D, implies that the man has qualified
also in A, B, and C.
Army.
Navy.
First-class men.............
Marksmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Qualifications A, B, C and D.
Qualification E.
Qualification F.
Qualification G.
Sharpshooters ..............
Qualification H.
Third-class men...... . . . . . .
Second-class men..........
286
287
t
When qualified as above in (a) and (b), the recruit shall hat
the right to have the letter C placed in the column Marksma:
ship, Small Arms, in case he is transferred, or at the end of:
(b) Field Practice on shore with service rifle at 100, 200 and 300
yards at target A (Firing Regulations, U. S. Navy, 1902, Plate
XII, Article 155).Attention is invited to Articles 174 to 194,
inclusive, and Articles 201 to 204, inclusive, and Articles 205 to
242, inclusive.
Any person
12. Those officers and men who from their positions, reputa:
tions, and records, are qualified, as heretofore explained, to
take the course in great-gun firing shall go through the
following:
PRELIMINARY CLASS, GREAT GUNS.
A. First Qualification, Great Guns.
Sighting and position and aiming drill with service rifle (This
1s the same as A. First Qualification, Small Arms).Th:
recruit shall be thoroughly and systematically instructed it
Articles I to 107, inclusive, of Firing Regulations for Smal
12 feet
*}<
12 feet
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(3)
Water Line
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no
- - - - - - - -* - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- -
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293
NAVY DEPARTMENT,
WASHINGTON, D. C., September 3, 1902.
Gunnery Instructions No. 2 are here with issued to the
service, and will go into effect at once. Until further orders
no target practice will be held other than that involved in the
instruction of individual officers and men under this scheme.
294
ADDENDA
centages are, however, also given for firings at 800 and Iooo
yards where opportunity offers.
295
13. In all firing with the rifle and revolver, the allowance of
time shall be not more than an average of one minute per shot
for any string.
MARKSMAN CLASS, SMALL ARMS.
2
'sary for their care and preservation; and in the motion of pro
jectiles and variations in range. The requirements of the field
practice under this qualification E should be carefully re
hearsed in the gallery with strings of five shots in preparation
for field firing, and such portions of Articles 205 to 242, inclu
sive, of the Firing Regulations, U. S. Navy, 1902, as are
applicable should be imparted individually to each man in detail.
Field practice with rifle, at 200 and 300 yards, with Army tar
get A, and 500 and 600 yards, with Army target B (see plate
XII, Firing Regulations, U. S. Navy, 1902 ). It consists in
| firing ten (IO) shots preliminary at each range, and for record
: two (2) strings of ten (Io) shots each, the details are as follows:
Record: (1)
Record: (1)
This
298
E and F, except that one who, in record practice, fires two full
strings at each 200, 300, 500, and 600 yards, and from the better
of such scores makes an average of 83 per centum of the pos
sible aggregate score, shall qualify in rifle firing, and be
eligible to fire with the revolver, otherwise not.
In case there are ranges at 800 and 1000 yards, the qualifica
tions and firings will be the same for 200, 300, 500, and 600
yards, but for
In case there are ranges at 800 and 1000 yards, and the firing
is as in (f) and (g) of G, in addition to the others, then on:
who, in record practice, fires two full scores at each 200, 3%
500, 600, 800, and 1000 yards, and from the better of such scort
makes an average of 88 per cent of the possible aggregat:
score, shall qualify in rifle firing and be eligible to fire will
the revolver, otherwise not.
14. The guns of the main and secondary batteries, not pro
vided with regular rated gun captains, must, for the present
have temporary or acting gun captains and gun pointers
assigned to them until their places can be filled by those who
have regularly qualified under Departmental Regulations, which
will prescribe the ratings and extra compensation for thos:
so qualifying. The regulations for this will be prescribed in
charge (under the divisional officer) and who will direct opera
tions and usually open and close the breech; (2) the gun pointer,
who works the elevating gear, uses the telescope sight, and
controls the firing mechanism; (3) the sight setter, who sets
and maintains or changes the sight as directed; and (4) the gun
trainer, who uses an open sight, and trains the gun laterally.
skill necessary for rifle firing and open-sight firing with great
guns and the secondary battery. As, however, telescopes may
get out of adjustment or be injured in action, gun pointers
ship anchored; range 700 yards; strings of five shots; two hits
out of a string of five shots to qualify.
ment only two strings of five shots allowed), otherwise the per
son firing to be put back to (c) preceding.
303
Any person qualifying in (a), (b), (c), and (d) above will b
entitled to have the letter E entered on his record as officer o
Battery.
b qualify, but only two strings of five shots each allowed, other
wise the person firing to be put back to (b) and (c) of this sec
ion. (It is assumed that with high-power glasses the projec
iles can be followed in their flight, otherwise a boat will have
o visit target and note score.)
Any person qualifying in (a), (b), (c), and (d) above for the
secondary battery, will be entitled to have the letters Es
entered upon his record as officer or enlisted man, under
only three strings of not more than ten shots to qualify, Othe
wise the person firing to be put back through (a) and (b). Mol
than one gun may fire at a time, but they should be far enoug
apart not to confuse the fall of shots for the observers over th
gular targets, anchored (if more than one, about 1400 yari
apart); ship steaming about 8 knots on steady course parallel:
line of targets, and about 550 yards from said line; strings 0.
five shots; hits only to count; two hits out of the string of fit
shots to qualify but only two strings of five shots each allow:
to qualify; otherwise the person firing to be put back throug
(a), (b), and (c). More than one gun may fire at a time if:
does not confuse the scoring.
and distance, when nearest target, about 1000 yards; one hiti
string of three shots to qualify, but only two strings of thre
Any person qualifying in (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this sec
306
24. This qualification has for its object the selecting of men
for the gun-pointer's group, and therefore both rapidity and
and the sight setter. The gun pointer will both train an
elevate. (It is proposed, however, to eventually alter all such
mounts.)
-"-----
e sight setter.
28. In turrets fitted with one hood for training, and two for
elevating, and in which there is room on the elevating-hood
platform for a sight setter (in addition to the gun pointer),
the gun-pointer group, in each turret, will consist of two
gun captains, one for each gun; two gun pointers, one for
each elevating hood; two sight setters, one for each elevating
hood; and one gun pointer (turret pointer) for the training
hood; or seven in all.
with subcaliber and with full charges. The one acting as gui
pointer will be permitted to give directions to the gun trainer
and to the sight setter where the bearing and range is changing
because in competitive firing it is the judgment and skill o
the individual which is on trial. The function of the gun
captain in fire control is reserved for battle-efficiency tests
when all the guns are firing.
buoy at each end of the ship's course; ship to steam along the
course at 8 knots; gun to be loaded, trained on the target, and
ready for the signal; time to be taken from signal, Commence
Firing; not more than six minutes allowed for string of three
13-inch, 12-inch, or Io-inch; not more than six minutes for
four 8-inch; not more than 90 seconds for each string of six
----
the jibs, and the sides of the triangle shall be the same (1760
yards), but the speed of the ship shall be 12 knots. With
turret guns at least three shots must be fired in six minutes,
and one hit made to qualify; with 7-inch and 6-inch, at least
four shots, and two hits to qualify; with 5-inch and 4-inch, at
least five shots, and three hits to qualify. The number of hits
above stated must be made in order to qualify, whether or not
more shots are fired than required.
Any person qualifying as above in (a), (b), (c), and (d) should
have the right to have the letters Ht or Hm entered on
his record as an officer or enlisted man under Great Guns,
and in the case of the enlisted man a special report should be
made to the Bureau of Navigation recommending him as a
gun pointer.
For men stationed at the second battery, who have qualified
hrough Gs, the course of firing shall be
3I3
="----
aiming and pointing with some device giving lateral and vertical
motion.
minutes each
back through
It should be
shots may be
INTRODUCTORY.
instructing
the rifle, the precautions necessary for its care and preserva
tion, and, at least to some slight extent, in the general prin
ciples governing the motion of projectiles, he will be thoroughly
exercised in the preliminary drills. This branch of the course
4. The legs of the tripod should be about 6 feet long, the sand
bag resting in the fork made by joining the legs about 8 or Io
inches from the top. The lower ends of the tripod legs should
be pointed with iron to prevent the possibility of slipping.
The sand bag should be only loosely filled, for if the sand is
packed tightly a good bed for the rifle cannot be obtained.
5. It is essential that the interest of the man be obtained and
the division into squads of six or eight, and as the men becom
either the entire front sight or any part of it, can be seen in
looking through the notch or aperture in the rear sight. He
will be informed that the proper amount of front sight to be
taken varies somewhat with differences in light and is also
considerably affected by peculiarities of individual eyesight. He
should also be cautioned that regular results in firing can only
be obtained when the sight is so taken as to give to the from
sight, as seen through the notch of the rear sight, a uniform
appearance.
horizontal line of the top of the notch of the rear sight afford.
318
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rul
Plate I.
Arts. 8-29.
First Exercise.
10. The rifle being placed on the sand-bag rest, and inclined
neither to the right nor left, the man will be instructed how to
bring an object aimed at and the line of sight in the same
'traight line.
3I9
#.
feet from a large sheet of white paper about 5 feet from the flo
the instructor will direct a marker to so move a small blad
disk as to bring its lower edge in the line of sight. The dis
by a pin or tack, will then be attached to the paper.
I'
#:
13. The instructor will then inform the men that he has aime
to close the left eye and with the right, looking through the
rear sight at the object, to notice the relative appearance 0.
the black disk and the points determining the line of sight
This instruction will be given with each variety of sight and
with the rear sight adjusted for different distances up to at
least 600 yards.
Second Exercise.
14. The rifle being placed as in the first exercise, and the black
disk having been brought as there explained into the line of
sight, the instructor will call up the men in succession, dire:
them to examine the sighting of the rifle and to inform him.
in a low voice, whether a full, fine, or half sight has been taken
Those men who erroneously judge the kind of sight will be
place their eye in the line of sight; they often look over or along
one side of the notch of the rear sight and believe that they are
32O
aiming through the notch because they see it at the same time
that they do the front sight.
18. A man is then called to the rifle and by the proper move
ment of his hands directs the marker to move the disk to the
right, left, higher or lower, until the lower edge of the black
center is brought into the line of sight, when he says, Mark.
The marker then records through the hole in its center the
position of the disk; the marker lowers the disk, the man
straightens himself a moment, and then, without moving the rifle,
repeats the operation.
20. If any one of the sides of the triangle is longer than I inch,
the instructor directs the operation to be repeated, verifying
each sight and calling the mans attention to the errors which
he commits. He will explain to him that the sighting gains
in regularity as the triangle becomes smaller.
321
If directly
to the right or left, the man has not sighted through the
center of the rear sight notch and over the top of the front sight.
If to the right, he has probably either sighted along the left
of the rear sight notch, or the right side of the front sight, or
has committed both of these errors.
far to the left, he has probably sighted along the right of the
rear sight notch, or the left of the front sight, or has com
mitted both errors.
right.
when the target would be fixed and the rifle moved in aiming,
23. After this instruction has been given to one man, the posi
24. In the preceding exercises the man has been informed that
the rifle should not be inclined either to the right or left; this
5. The necessity for this precaution, and also the general use
[f the rear sight, may be explained to the man by the instruc
br, or, if deemed advisable, may be directly illustrated; if the
atter method is chosen, the instructor will remove the bolt
one of the rifles. To mark the line of fire, he will place
126. The instructor will inform the man of the relation existing
between the line of sight and line of fire. Then the rifle being
placed as in the preceding exercises, the point where the line
bf sight (when the sight is adjusted for 300 yards) meets the
paper is marked, and also the point where the line of fire
meets the paper. If the rifle has not been inclined, the latter
point will be in the vertical line through the former and above
it. The rear sight will then, in succession, be adjusted for
several longer ranges; the line of sight directed upon the
represent (it of course will not be equal to) the distance fallen
by the bullet in traversing 1000 yards, and A, the point aimed
at, will be the point struck by the bullet.
28. Then incline the rifle to the right, and with the sight thus
inclined direct the line of sight upon A. Mark the position of
the line of fire; it will be found to meet the paper at some
29. If the rifle be inclined to the left, the point struck by the
bullet can in the same manner be shown to be below and to
the left of the point aimed at; inclining the sights therefore
diminishes the range and causes deviation of the bullet to the
side toward which the inclination is made.
324
CHAPTER II.
| 31.
33. Until the men are able to execute with ease and accuracy
all the details of the different exercises, they will be drilled in
them by the numbers, or if without the numbers at the command
of the instructor. After the requisite degree of proficiency is
attained and the adoption of faulty positions on the part of the
man therefore rendered improbable, the detailed commands will
be omitted, the men repeating and continuing the practice of
the exercise specified by the instructor, without any effort
to preserve the regular cadence of a military movement.
he will direct the men, holding the piece firmly with the left
hand, to raise with the right hand the leaf of the rear sight.
37. The instructor next commands:
325
I. First, 2. ExERCISE.
38. (Two.) Bring the piece smartly against the hollow of the
shoulder, without permitting the shoulder to give way, press
Plate II.
Art. 37.
the rifle against it, mainly with the right hand, only slightly
with the left; the forefinger of the right hand resting lightly
against the trigger; the rifle inclined neither to the right nor
left. At the same time bring the left elbow well under the rifle,
the right elbow slightly advanced and raised to the height of
the shoulder; the head erect; eyes to the front and not looking
through the sights.
39. (Three.)
F-
should be made by the left arm to press the piece against the
shoulder, but the arm left at liberty to give to the rifle its
proper direction; and the grasp of the rifle, while firm, must
not be so tight as to communicate to it the pulsations of the
body. As the nature of the recoil and the positions of the
point hit are affected by the manner in which the butt of the
piece is held against the shoulder, the instructor should be
careful to see that neither the heel nor the toe of the butt alone,
but that its whole surface is pressed against the shoulder, and
that it is brought uniformly to the same position.
42. As soon as the men have acquired with accuracy their
positions, they will be exercised without the numbers. The exer
cise will also be frequently repeated and made continuous; the
instructor prefacing the command, First Exercise, by the com
mand, Continue the motion, and giving the command Three,
for its conclusion, when the man will return to the position of
the first motion of load.
44. For this exercise the instructor will place the men as for
the first exercise. Opposite each man, 20 feet distant, and about
4% feet from the floor, will be placed a small black disk (a black
target paster answers excellently) on a white background.
45. The instructor will first direct the sights to be adjusted for
327
I. Second, 2. EXERCISE.
At the latter command execute the first motion of the first
c.vercise.
little to the right; the cheek resting against the stock; the left
Extension.
eye closed; the right eye looking through the notch of the rear
sight at a point about a foot below the mark, and the top of the
incline the sights to either side, until the line of sight meets
the lower edge of the mark; hold the rifle steadily directed
on that point for a moment, then, without command and just
before the power to hold the rifle steadily is lost, drop the rifle
328
Extension.
50. The eye may be brought to the line of sight either by low
raising the right elbow and holding it well to the front and at
right angles to the body, the head when inclined forward being
only very slightly bent to the right. When the shoulder is well
raised, the blow upon the mouth or nose which otherwise may
be given by the recoil is avoided. The length of the man's
adjusted for the longer ranges until the men have been practiced
with the sights as they would generally be employed for off-hand
firing.
52. The man must be cautioned that while raising the line of
sight to the mark he must fix his eye on the mark and not on
the front sight; the latter can then be readily brought into the
If this plan be
53. The rifle must be raised slowly, without jerk, and its
motion stopped gradually.
57. The men being placed as for the second exercise, the in
Structor commands:
330
---
I. Third, 2. ExERCISE.
deflection
of the rifle.
59. The intimate connection between the mind and the action
He
time bend both knees, kneeling on the right, the left lower leg
nearly perpendicular, left toe inclining slightly to the right.
right leg pointing directly to the right, right foot nearly vertical
and weight of the body resting firmly on the right heel: body
332
rect and carried naturally upon the hips, though some riflemen
refer to incline the body somewhat to the front; the left fore
rm across the left thigh, hand hanging naturally; the piece re
I. Squad, 2. READY,
which will be executed as prescribed by the Drill Regulations.
69. The instructor then directs the men to raise the leaf of
<4
I. First, 2. ExERCISE,
on the left knee, the point of the elbow in front of the kneecap.
The exercise will be further conducted as prescribed in para
graph 42.
70. For the second and third exercises, the squad will be placed
as directed in paragraph 44, the bull's-eye being 2% feet from the
floor or ground. The exercises will be conducted as prescribed
for the corresponding exercises, standing, with the modification
indicated for the first exercise, kneeling.
I. Squad, 2. RISE,
when the men rise, face to front, and resume the position of
order arms.
333
74. When aiming kneeling there is, from the nature of the
position, a tendency to press the butt of the rifle against the
upper arm instead of against the hollow of the shoulder; this will
necessitate inclining the head considerably to the right, to get
the line of sight, and by bringing the rifle so far to the rear will,
th.
rest for the left elbow and rifle as in the first prescribed posi
tion, but if it can be taken without constraint, gives a very
steady position for the body.
334
noticing the build of each man, to place him in the position for
which he is best adapted and which will exert the least undue
tension or strain upon the muscles.
335
82. At the command Sit Down, make a half face to the right
and, assisted by the left hand on the ground, sit down, facing
slightly to the right, the left leg directed to the front, right
leg inclined toward the right, both heels, but not necessarily
the bottom of the feet, on the ground, the right knee slightly
higher than the left; body erect, and carried naturally upon the
hips; at the same time drop the muzzle of the piece to the
I. First, 2. ExERCISE,
kneecap, and the right elbow against the left or inside of the
right knee, at the same time inclining the body from the hips
slightly forward. The exercise will be further conducted as
prescribed in paragraph 42.
84. For the second and third exercises the squad will be placed
as directed in paragraph 44, the bull's-eye being 2 feet from
RISE,
| when the men rise, face to the front, and resume the order arms.
*
| ground, body more erect, and the knees slightly more raised
than in the previous position.
LIE DOWN,
the legs may be spread apart and the toes turned out if found
to give a steadier position.
95. At the latter command carry the left elbow to the front
and slightly to the right; the left hand under the barrel at the
97. (Three.) Direct the rifle upon the lower edge of the black
disk, and carry out the further details of aiming and pulling the
trigger as prescribed in paragraph 58.
338
98.
the numbers, aiming and pulling trigger at will; but care will be
taken not to unduly prolong the exercise.
99. To afford the men rest, or on completion of the exercise,
the instructor will command:
RISE,
101. In the lying position, when aiming, the left elbow should
be under or slightly to the right of the barrel, the other elbow
somewhat to the right, but not so far as to induce any tendency
103. The body not yielding to the recoil as when firing stand
ing or kneeling, its force, if the rifle is not properly held, may
severely bruise the man. It is one of the objects of this exer
cise to so teach him that this will be prevented. Care must be
exercised that the butt is not brought against the collar bone.
By moving the shoulder slightly to the front or rear, and by
moving the right elbow from the body or toward it, each
339
the butt of the rifle the easiest rest. This will probably be the
one in which the force of the recoil will be least experienced.
General Remarks on the Preceding Drills.
104. The importance of sighting and position and aiming
drills cannot be too persistently impressed upon the man. If
these exercises are carefully practiced, the man before firing a
shot at a target will have learned to correctly aim his piece, to
hold his rifle steadily, to pull the trigger properly, and to assume
that variety of position best adapted to the particular con
formation of the body. This knowledge cannot be successfully
acquired upon the target ground; at that place the time that
can be given to instruction is limited, and should be devoted
to the higher branches of the subject; and even if the desired
amount of attention could be given to each man, yet, from
the circumstances of the firing, the determination of his errors
which the man resumes his former position and is then required
to repeat the movement until the error is corrected.
|B
Base Spring.
Base Spring Screw.
Leaf.
Leaf Slide Body.
Leaf Slide Cap.
Leaf Slide Cap Screw.
Leaf Slide Binding Screw.
h"
Drift Slide.
Drift Slide Pin.
Joint Pin.
Binder.
Binder Screw.
E.
It has screw holes for front and rear base screws by which
the sight is secured to the barrel, with which its under surface
accurately coincides, a threaded hole at front for the movable
base binder screw, and at its upper rear surface an undercut
recess for the tenon, P, at rear of the movable base. The front
the joint pin hole. This base is held in contact with the fixed
base, not by the base screws which secure the latter to the
barrel, but by the tenon, P, at its rear entering the undercut
recess of the rear of the fixed base and by the binder, H, at
its front. It turns freely about the front base screw washer,
F.
N.
f
|
\-
|:
|
|
|
342
22
||a
-
|
|
#
#
|
''
".
115. The LEAF SLIDE is composed of the body, G; its cap, cap
screw, F; slide binding screw, D; binding screw pin and drift
slide, C. Two grooves cut in the body of the slide receive the
branches of the leaf along which the slide may be moved.
The cap which secures the slide to the leaf is attached to the
body of the slide by entering a dovetailed groove at the right
and by the cap screw at the left. A curved offset, for drift
curve, due to the free lateral movement of the pin in the lon
gitudinal groove on the inner surface of cap, thus automatically
correcting for drift.* The slide binding screw is used to secure
the slide to the leaf in any desired position. A small pin at
right angles to the slide binding screw enters for about half
its thickness a groove cut on the binding screw and thus pre
vents the removal or loss of the latter.
Cavalry, proposed that drift lines or curves be marked on the leaf of the rear sight,
model '79, so that adjustment could be made for drift; on this basis, for which credit
is due to him, the automatic arrangement was devised."
344
119. The graduations of the rear sight are correct only for the
particular conditions existing when they were experimentally
determined, consequently, in adjusting the sight for elevation
at any range, allowance must be made for whatever change
in the elevation the difference between the former and the
345
CHAPTER III.
GALLERY PRACTICE.
down; and in order that the man may have experience in the
appearance of the sight in its different positions, and practice
in the consequent changes in the position of his head, when
aiming, use will be made of the rear sight adjusted for the
different ranges, up to 600 yards.
123. The service rifle is used for the firing, as the advantage
of accustoming the man to its weight, balance, and trigger pull
much more than counterbalances any possible superiority
resulting from the use of a special or gallery rifle.
firer,
7
in
in
in
the Navy.)
132. As both the firer and the range are completely sheltered,
no unsteadiness on the part of the man or deviation of the bullet
can be caused by wind. All the external influences which on
the target range may cause inaccurate firing are therefore
show
- -
--"--
144. If men at any time fail at any particular range when firit
with full charges, and in the opinion of the instructor the
failure can be ascribed to other causes than erroneous jud
ment or the light or wind, they should be brought back to t
gallery, and by practice in the positions and with the sights
they had just been used on the range, their errors should
determined and corrected.
that th
350
CHAPTER IV.
REVOLVER FIRING.
147. The instruction will be commenced with the revolver not
loaded.
: For this purpose, the men will be formed in single rank with
in interval of one pace between files The mark should be a
*
!
Target Al-d
Plate XI. (Art. 150.)
ler in which the man holds the pistol; the clasp of the thumb and
econd and third fingers should be firm, the first finger being
in the trigger; the little finger may be underneath the end of
he handle.
all hits on the figure below the line are scored four. All hit
on the target and not on the figure are scored three if above thi
line, two if below.
151. For officers, and for all enlisted men, the course will be
352
CHAPTER V.
TARGETS.
###:="3:1:52:
Tf
TT
s!
| S.
*!
"
1 y
1 T
#$
*{
*$
!
2|
1 \
|->
|s| |
*:
! st
| |
; "|-16:
Yx.
y_*
ATarget A.
Plate XII.
Target B.
(Arts. 155 and 156.)
I-----------:----------12-
*
17->
|
s'
s
l
|
l
!
l
|
|
|
i
_Y
Target C-d.
Plate XIII. (Art. 157.)
This target is of the same shape and size as the C-d target. The
different divisions are of the same shape and dimensions as
He -------------------------- 12--------------------- *
------27----- *-13---------4-4--------- >|<-1 3-------27---->
-
**
* -
Target C-k.
Plate XIV. (Art. 158.)
igure.
Fig. 2
i
|
S.
IE
I'
SKIRMISH TARGETS.
(Plate XV. Art. 160.)
161. For the skirmish firing by squads, the three figure tat
gets are placed in line, forming a group (Target G, Plate XVI)
the standing figure in the center and the kneeling and lyin:
figures on its right and left, respectively, the distance betweet
the centers of adjacent figures being 1 yard.
162. The target for the company firing (Target H, Plate XVI
--
l
|
|
|
|
Target G.
H---a-va-----
!----3
was:----|
l
SKIRMISH TARGETS.
163. For the individual firing, the detail for marking for each
target should consist of two men, belonging to the division
firing at that target, and one petty officer, always selected from
ome other division.
that order is kept in the target pit, and should be familiar with
the regulations governing the markers, and with the method of
take in the danger signal and place the target in the firing
position.
165. As each shot is fired, the petty officer indicates to one of
the markers the value and position of the hit, if any is made,
and supervises this marker while he signals (being careful to
place the center of the disk over the shot hole) the result of
the shot to the firing point as follows:
If a figure, with a white disk.
If a center, with a red disk.
If an inner, with a black and white disk.
If an outer, with a black disk.
If a ricochet, by displaying the ricochet flag, and if the target
is hit, by placing over the shot hole the appropriate disk.
Ricochet flags are white flags with red centers similar to those
used in signaling, the size depending on the distance.
If a miss, by waving the danger flag several times across the
front of the target.
If the markers are certain on which side of the target the
miss is made, the flag will also be waved to that side.
After the result of the shot has been signaled, the other
marker, if a direct or a ricochet hit has been made, will reverse
the target and place the proper paster over the shot hole.
166. Any shot cutting the edge of the figure will be signaled
and recorded as a hit in the figure, and as the limiting line of
each division of the target is the outer edge of the line separat
ing it from the next exterior division, whenever this line is
touched by the shot, it will be signaled and recorded as a hit in
the higher division.
back to the firing position, the danger signal removed and firing
rest1med.
358
169. Upon the completion of the firing the petty officer will
cause the target to be withdrawn from the firing position, and
then make such a disposition of the danger signal and marking
disks as may have been directed by the range officer.
172. The officer directing the practice, and the man who is
firing, will pay attention to the scores as announced and re
tions made except by the officer directing the practice, who will
then append thereto his initials.
359
CHAPTER VI.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS.
day.
for the purpose of instructing
the number prescribed for his
of such firing in the officer's
360
180. The men will be called to the firing point in pairs, and
that they may acquire the habit of carefully estimating for them
selves the varying amount of elevation and wind allowance
The men of the pair will then assume the proper position
for firing, depending upon the distance at which practice is
being held, and will, without further command, load and fire
alternately.
182. It is advised that as each shot is fired the man should
carefully notice the exact point at which the rifle was aimed, and
announce, before the shot is signaled, where he believes it to
have struck. If he correctly calls the shot, it is probable that
he has made the proper allowances, and no changes, except
those in the elevation which may be necessitated by the heating
and fouling of the barrel, will be required. If, however, the
man calls the shot incorrectly, he should determine what
changes are required, and, with the approval of the instructor,
make the proper corrections.
183. If the men find it difficult to call the estimated location of
tion; if, when aiming, he feels unsteady and not confident of his
shot, he should without firing, lower his rifle, and only resume
the aim after a moment's rest.
186. While each pair is firing, the following pair will be desig
*
361
188. The graduations on the rear sights of the rifle are deter
mined from actual firing at the Springfield Armory under
average conditions of weather. The elevations thus marked for
different distances will not be found to answer, without allow
ances, when firing is held at other places, but will vary with
the height of the range above the sea level; and on the same
range, with variations in atmospheric conditions, the peculiari.
ties of shooting of different guns and the different ways of
sighting, holding, and pulling trigger on the part of the man.
tice at this range, and the positions, with their variations and
restrictions, prescribed for practice at 100 yards will be em
ployed.
193. The trajectories of the rifle and carbine are so flat that
the sights have not been arranged for any elevation less than 300
yards; the gun will therefore shoot high, and should conse
quently be aimed near the bottom of the figure.
362
Long-Range Practice.
198. EIGHT HUNDRED YARDS.Practice at this distance will
*=*- - - - - - -
203. The record firing of the man in each position will follo,
his preliminary firing in that position, before he has any othe
firing.
handle may not be fully pressed down when the piece is loaded
(2) The man, in pulling the trigger, may press slightly undel
364
Silne.
int, and then only when it is the man's turn to fire; in loading,
e muzzle should be directed toward the ground or targets. The
ece should not be cocked, especially when firing lying, until
e position for firing has been assumed.
If the firing is de
*-
generall,
213. Even if the piece has been put away clean after previous
Practice, a slightly oiled and then a dry rag should be passed
through the bore just before firing; this insures the barrel
being always in the same condition for the first shot, and
iminates the variations caused by differently cleaned or oiled
Mores when the effect of the weather upon the amount of heat
ng and fouling is considered in making the allowances in
levation for the following shot.
214. When practice is concluded, the piece should be at once
leaned, before the fouling has had time to harden.
eading of the barrel; while this may be so, it is still true that
1 gun which has been some time in service and has been fre
luently fired will not lead, independent of the particular method
i cleaning or non-cleaning which may have been followed.
|217. After the man has adjusted the sight, and while he is
laiting to be called to the firing point, he should take the posi
|on he proposes to assume in firing, and aim and pull trigger
367
*--- -
several times.
tom his eye to the light and its effect upon the sights.
218. The estimated adjustment of the sight having been mi
and the man called to the firing point, he will take the posit
first effort
fires while
nothing is
succeeding
# be
ion of the error, the correction for the next shot should be made
is indicated in paragraph 222, but if no dust or other indica
ion of the nature of the error is noticed the direction of the
If
strong side wind was blowing the miss was more than
|kely to either the right or left; if there is but little wind, if
day dark,
is either
dry mirage,
or veryordamp,
verywind
bright
revery
or ifexceedingly
there is much
a strong
in
369
225. In the first case if the man from long firing has disco
ered the usual nature of his errors in estimating the deviatin
has been correctly judged this will change on the next sho
if firing at short or mid ranges, a very close miss into a 4, we
out, on the opposite side of the target, or a miss of one C
a 3 on t
feet to 4
if at 1,00
target.
beyond the position originally selected for the first shot equa
to the correction for the second shot.
visible from the firing point, while a shot over the target migh
11Ot.
If firing at 500 or 600 yards, when very great errors in th
lower the second shot about half the height of the target; but
if firing at 800 or 1,000 yards, the greater chances for error
make it more advisable to change the elevation enough to
produce a fall in the bullet equal to about 3% of the height
of the target.
229. If on the second shot the target is not hit, increase the
elevation above its first allowance as much as it was previously
lowered.
amount first selected, and if a hit is not yet made increase the
Original elevation by this latter amount.
230. It will often be advisable to combine the horizontal and
vertical methods of feeling for the target, alternating in suc
cessive shots the direction in which the allowances are made.
dark light, as the fixed sight, a certain point of aim, and the
conditions existing at the second shot, all form a valuable
234. If thefouling
first shot
been fired
from
a clean,
gun, the
subsequent
andhas
heating
of the
barrel
and cool
the different
37I
235. When the day is overcast, the light being of a dull gra',
and evenly diffused, it is more likely that the air over the
whole range will be of a uniform temperature and free from
local eddies.
practice.
239. When all the influences affecting the elevations and the
accuracy of fire are considered, it follows that the best results
372
241. With very many men, even the most expert shots, some
slight motion of the piece takes place between the time when
they intended to pull the trigger and the instant when the
object is accomplished. If the man does not notice this motion,
he ascribes to extraneous influences his error, and corrects
uncomfortably hot about this time, though the rear sights and
bands will not be found so until from thirty to thirty-five
rounds have been fired.
373
374
CHAPTER VII.
of firing.
description.
Either a disappearing target or a running target may be
employed.
246. For this practice, the man being at the firing point and at
a ready, with the piece loaded, the signal is given on the bugle;
the marker brings the target into view, until the target is at
right angles to the line of fire, and at the end of the prescribed
number of seconds withdraws the target.
251. At the signal from the firing point one of the markers
pushes the target into view with sufficient force to carry it down
one inclined plane and up the other to the opposite shelter, the
man firing as often as accurate aim can be taken.
252. A dummy target should be painted on the butt adjacent
to each shelter on which the shots can be marked, or if this can
object be moving across his front, the man must carry his aim
a little in advance of it, depending on the speed at which it is
moving, on the distance which it is from him, and the result
ing time required for the flight of the bullet. If the object is
moving from him, he must fire high, and if approaching him,
376
1ow.
hips, the arms and eye being kept steady and the shot fired the
instant the aim is judged to be correct.
377
PART V.
BOATS UNDER
OARS
AND
SAIL
AND IN A SURF
CONTENTS
(Pages numbered at bottom)
PAGE
. .
. . .
. . * * * * * * * * * *
* * * *
303
40I
BOATS
GENERAL RULES.
for distant service; two blasts for cutting out; three blasts for land.
ing force.
pennant and staff; 18. Boat distinguishing flag; 19. Boat com
pass; 20. One pair of binocular glasses; 21. Oil lantern, fitted
with shutter for signaling; 22. Can of illuminating oil; 23. Rope
for stern fast; 24. Two hand grapnels, fitted with chain and
rope; 25. Old canvas.
Boat Box.
Six candles; 29. Safety matches; 30. Smoker's flint and stee
complete, and one pound of match rope for tinder; 31. On
small medical outfit, consisting of tourniquets, bandages, etc.
Cooking Utensils.
Provisions.
Medical Supplies.
6. The boat with the ambulance party will carry one med.
cine chest containing stimulants, medicines, etc.; each article
will be labeled with its use, and each medicine distinctly marke
with directions for administration and quantity of dose.
Artillery Boats.
2.
11. The requirements are the same as art. Io. For detailed
- 1structions, see regulations for Landing Force, Part I.
BOATS*
HANDLING A BOAT UNDER OARS.
characterized the best of them not many years ago. Yet the
need of just such training as produced this smartness is greater
now than ever before, because of the changes which are making
of the modern man-of-war's man a mechanic and a soldier
rather than a sailor.
ready to shove off. The boat officer sees that the boat is in
perfect condition and the crew in uniform. The bowmen stand
up in the bow, holding on with boat-hooks to the side or the
grab-rope, the rest of the crew have their oars in hand.
14. The order is given:
Get your oars ready!
Each man sees his oar clear and stands by for the next order.
UP OARS!
The oars are lifted together and held vertically, blades fore
and aft and in line.
SHOVE OFF!
15. The bowmen point their boat-hooks against the side and
silove well clear and a little ahead, the coxswain sheering her
off with the helm.
384
The oars are dropped into the rowlocks, the blades not being
allowed to splash, and are instantly brought level with the rail,
blades horizontal and trimmed with the after oars.
GIVE WAY TOGETHER!
17. The bow oarsmen take their places as soon as they have
shoved off, get their oars ready, raise them together, touch the
blades, let fall, and take up the stroke.
18. To come alongside, the order is given while still several
boat's lengths from the gangway or landing:
IN Bows!
The bow oarsmen finish the stroke, then toss and lay in their
oars together, after which they take their places in the bow,
standing erect, facing forward, and each holding his boat-hook
vertically in front of him until it is needed.
This order should always be given while the oars are in the
water. The stroke is completed and one or more strokes taken,
then the starboard stroke oarsman commands,
Toss!
20. The oars are tossed and held vertically for an instant,
then laid in together.
21. With awnings spread, see that the stops are cast off be
fore the order, WAY ENOUGH!
the rail, many officers prefer not to get up the oars for shoving
off, but to point the blades clear just over the rail. then to
throw them smartly around into the rowlocks at the order,
OUT OARS'
The oars are thrown around into the rowlocks, blades hori
zontal and level with the gunwale; awning stops made fast.
23. To lay on the oars, the order is,
OARS!
This order is given while the oars are in the water. The
stroke is completed, and the oars at once raised to the level of
The blades are dropped into the water and held vertically,
there.
any reason they cannot be left in the rowlocks, they lie in the
water alongside, held by their trailing ines.
and keep the boat under control with the oars as long as pos.
sible. Lay on the oars if necessary.
In going through a narrow entrance, get good way on the
boat, then trail or toss the oars.
Having a long pull against the tide, run inshore where the
tide is slacker than in midstream.
32. If the weather is thick or may become so, make sure you
have a compass in the boat, and note the course you must make
coming and going.
the ship.
Caught in a Gale in a Boat.
If
and rig are fixed upon with reference to each other, due con
sideration being given to the purpose for which the boat is
designed. Once fixed, the characteristics are practically per
manent. The trim of both boat and sails, on the other hand,
can be varied within rather wide limits; but they, too, must be
considered with reference to each other.
the wind sail best when carrying a little weather helm; that is
to say, when they have a slight tendency to come into the wind.
Too much weather helm may be corrected by shifting weights
aft; too much lee helm, by shifting forward.
36. The weights should be kept out of the ends of the boat,
without being unduly crowded together amidships. It is espe
cially important to keep heavy weights out of the bow. The
only ballast, as such, that should be carried, is water in break
ers. Under no circumstances should sinking ballast be
allowed; ballast, in other words, which is heavier than water.
The lower the weights can be stowed, the better; but care should
be taken to keep the well clear for baling. Ballast and cargo
must be secured against the possibility of shifting. The crew
should be kept well down and nobody be allowed to stand on
the thwarts or to sit on the gun whale. If the men are sitting to
windward in a fresh breeze, they should move amidships for
passing under the lee of a vessel or other object, where the wind
may fail or even shift in an eddy. The mast should be properly
stayed, up and down or with a slight rake aft, and the halyards
taut up.
37. In a lug rig, the halyards act as a weather shroud, the tie
being led down to windward and abaft, and set up by a two.
fold purchase. In most other rigs, shrouds are fitted.
carry a
little weather helm. The sails should be kept well full, sheets
not too flat, but everything drawing and the boat alive. It is
a common mistake to get the sheets so flat that the boat, while
pointing high, actually makes a course to leeward of that which
she would make if kept away a little with sheets eased accord
ingly; and it is of course clear that if kept away, her speed wil
of the sails are kept just trembling, with weather helm enough
to let the helmsman feel that she wants to come into the
wind.
cidedly and the sheet slacked more or less. The sheet may, of
course, be let go, and in a sudden emergency this must be
done at once in addition to putting down the helm, and, if
necessary, reducing sail; but the longer she can be kept under
Moreover, there is
always danger that the wind will shift in the squall, and the
mainsail may gybe with dangerous force.
Reefing.
43. When a boat begins to take water, it is time to reef. And
she should never, even in smooth water, be allowed to heel too
much. A boat that is decked over may run with her lee rail
will depend upon the rig, but a few general rules may be laid
down.
to let the men detailed for the reef points get hold of and
gather in the foot. The sheet is then slacked and shifted, the
points passed, the halyards manned, the sail hoisted and the
sheet trimmed.
mand while reefing, and for this she must have way enough to
obey her helm. If she can be luffed a little and still be kept
going through the water sufficiently to obey her helm, then it
44. If the boat has more than one sail, it is a good plan to
reef them one at a time.
ping the peak of the mainsail (if a gaff sail), or, more satisfac
torily, by reefing.
47. The foresail is sometimes set on the side opposite the
mainsail, in running before the wind, a temporary boom being
be set, with the sheet aft. It helps to meet and pay her off if
she flies to against the helm. A drag towed over the stern is
also helpful.
50. Another danger in running is that the boom may dip as
she rolls and thus capsize the boat.
Tacking.
good way on, shoots up into the wind as the helm is eased
down, making a good reach to windward, and filling away on
39I
the new tack without for a moment losing headway. The main
boom is hauled amidships, and, as the jib and foresail lift, their
sheets are let go. The boat comes head to wind and as she
pays off on the new tack the sheets are hauled aft and she is
pay her head around, and care must be taken not to make a
back sail of the mainsail.
counter, they add to the resistance and cause the bow to fall off.
54. If she gets in irons, either an oar must be used or the
jib and foresail sheets must be hauled over on the old tack,
flat aback, to give her sternboard. This last is a dangerous
maneuver in a strong breeze and rough sea.
Wearing.
55. In wearing, the helm is put up and the main sheet slacked
away roundly. The boat goes off before the wind, the main
sail is either gybed, or clewed up and shifted over (preferably
the latter) and the boat is hauled up on the new tack, losing
more or less ground to leeward according to circumstances.
Remarks on Gybing.
57. A sail is gybed when it is allowed to swing from one
side to the other, the wind being aft or nearly so, and the sail
full first on one side and then on the other. This may be
done intentionally, as in wearing or in changing course, or it
bring a shift of wind from one quarter to the other, the sail
should be lowered or clewed up for a moment before putting
up the helm, and then set again on the other quarter. If this
cannot be done and it is still necessary to gybe, the peak
should be dropped, the boom hauled in slowly and eased away
on the new tack.
The ship will roll and pitch considerably, and waves will wash
393
LOWERING BoATs.
63. The best position will doubtless depend upon the build
and trim of the ship and the nature of the sea.
In any case,
The
LOWERING BOATs.
A more con
peed.
knots than ten, and most practical men would prefer to wait
68. Here as soon as the boat touches the water, the after
fall is let go altogether and the boat allowed to swing at once
parallel to the course of the ship, towing by the forward fall,
which is then unhooked or, in an emergency, allowed to
unreeve.
Hoisting.
landing. Pull away and let the ship pay out more line until
you are sure of having enough in the boat to reach, then pay
out from the boat. Always have plenty of good seizing stuff
395
BOATS IN A SURF.
for making all secure, and if you are to stand by the line, ha
an axe for cutting if ordered.
71. If laying out with the tide, take less line in the boat th:
otherwise; if against the tide it will save work to take all th
-
line in the boat, pull up and make fast, then bring the era
back to the ship. With a long line to be laid out in a stror,
current, it will usually be necessary to have several boats, oil
to run away with the end, the others to underrun at intervals
floating the line and pulling up stream with the bight.
72. If the line is to be secured to a post, put a bowline #
the end before starting, and throw this over the post. Ben:
on a heaving line and let the bow oarsman throw this if hand
are standing by to take it, or jump ashore with it himself
necessary.
73. I. Preliminary.
The handling of boats in a surf is an art in itself, calling fa
special knowledge and skill such as can be acquired only by
practical experience. When undertaken by those who have no.
had this experience, the danger involved can hardly be ove:
estimated.
BOATS IN A SURF.
rmer carrying her back before it, that full speed should be
iven to her.
2. Against a head gale and heavy surf, get all possible speed
511 a boat on the approach of every sea which cannot be
Ivoided.
reve'
397
BOATS IN A SURF.
This ma.
the bow all the time being deeply immersed in the hollow 0
the sea, where the water being stationary or comparatively so
care:
the bow be low, it will be driven under water, when the bud
ancy being lost forward, whilst the sea presses on the ste
BOATS IN A SURF.
BOATS IN A SURF.
sail for the land through a heavy sea, her crew should, under
400
BoATS IN A SURF.
92. If she has sails only, her sails should be much reduced,
a half-lowered foresail or other small head sail being sufficient.
BEACHING OR LANDING THROUGH SURF.
93. The running before a surf or broken sea, and the beach
ing or landing of a boat, are two distinct operations; the
management of boats, as above recommended, has exclusive
reference to running before a surf where the shore is so flat
that the broken water extends to some distance from the beach.
to the sea until she is fairly aground, when each surf takes her
further in as it overtakes her, aided by the crew, who will then
generally jump out to lighten her, and drag her in by her sides.
As above stated, sail will, in this case, have been previously
taken in if set, and the boat will have been rowed or backed
in by oars alone.
PART VI
CONTENTS
(Pages numbered at bottom.)
PAGE
I. Bayonet Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4O4
423
430
and Artillery.
403
BAYONET EXERCISE.*
To Take Intervals.
189. Being in line, at a halt: 1. To the right (or left) take in.
tervals, 2. MARCH, 3. Squad, 4. HALT.
(1.) At the first command, the rear rank steps back four paces,
at the second command, both ranks face to the right, and the
men on the right step off, followed by the others in succession
at the proper interval; at the fourth command, given when the
last men have their intervals, the men halt and face to the front.
MARCH.
At the first command, number four, rear rank, stands fast; the
other numbers face about, and, at the second command, close
to their proper places and face to the front.
The Guard.
I.
BAYoNET ExERCISE.
53
The Steps.
193. ADVANCE: Move the left foot quickly forward eight
inches; follow with the right foot the same distance.
194. RETIRE:
the right eight inches; follow with the left foot to its relative
position in front.
left eight inches; follow with the right foot to its relative posi
tion in rear.
inches to the rear of the right; then place the right foot in its
relative position in rear.
The Facings.
405
BAYONET ExERCISE.
54
to the right, turning on the ball of the left foot, at the same time
carry the right foot quickly to its relative position in rear and
resume the guard.
200. I. Right (or Left) about, 2. FACE:
facing about on the ball of the left foot.
Similarly executed,
Plate 39.
Art. 204.
Plate 40.
Art. 205.
The Parries.
203. I. Right (or Left), 2. PARRY: Move the point on the bay
onet quickly about six inches to the right.
204. I. Right low, 2. PARRY: Raise the butt outside the right
forearm, the right hand at the height of the breast; at the same
time describe a semi-circle from left to right with the point of
the bayonet until it is at the height of, and a little to the right
of, the right knee; barrel to the left.
406
BAYONET ExERCISE.
55
Lower
the
Raise the
=\
Plate. 12 Art.207.
High left parry
BAYONET ExERCISE.
56
the left arm, barrel to the left, bayonet at the height of the waist,
right hand at the height of the breast, keeping the left hand fast,
stock outside the right forearm.
BAYONET EXERCISE.
57
down, right hand above, and in front of, the head, keeping the
left hand fast.
| (6.) The command for the thrust quickly follows the parry.
211.
In
the
same
manner
upper band, barrel up, left hand at the height of the hip, right
hand at small of the stock.
time
thrust
the
-*
BAYONET ExERCISE.
58
(3.) Being at low right short: to parry, move the point of the
bayonet as in right or left parry, without moving the hands.
To Use the Butt.
214. BUTT TO FRONT: Raise the
back,
the
barrel
hollow
in
of
right shoulder,
strike quickly the butt to the front,
straighten the right leg, barrel rest
ing on the shoulder.
215. BUTT TO RIGHT (or LEFT):
Face right (or left) and proceed as
in butt to front. In resuming the
guard, face left (or right).
216. (I.) BUTT TO REAR: Turn
to the right on both heels, keeping
the feet nearly at a right angle,
--
toe to the rear, at the same time raise the piece over the left shoul
der, barrel down and horizontal, back of right hand against left
side of neck,
left
hand
near
To Change Guard.
217. (I.) 1. Change guard, 2.
REAR: Turn to the right on
both heels, raising the toes, and
face quickly to the rear; at the
same time raise the point of the
bayonet in a semi-circle, and
Art.214.
Butt to front.
Plate 49.
Art. 216.
Butt to rear.
(2.) The parries and thrusts, facings, steps, and other move
218. (I.) When the recruits are thoroughly familiar with the dif
ferent steps, parries, and thrusts, the instructor combines several of
them by giving the commands in quick succession, increasing the
rapidity and number of movements in combination as the men
acquire skill: ADVANCE, HIGH PARRY. THRUST; or FRONT DOUBLE,
RIGHT PARRY, THRUST; FACE LEFT, HIGH PARRY, THRUST, etc.
4II
SWORD EXERCISE."
General Remarks.
give play to the hilt, and resume the original position; the
reverse the hand, finger nails up, edge to the left, and exe .
*NOTE.-This Sword Exercise was originally prepared by Prof. A. .
412
306
SworD ExERCISE.
he
At
Right guard.
bint of the sword at the height of the chin, edge to the right;
the same time advance the right foot twice its length, bend
|
4I3
SworD ExERCISE.
307
both knees slightly, body erect, the weight thrown a little more
on the left leg than on the right, head erect, eyes to the front.
This is the position of right guard.
is held edge to the left, finger nails up, the hand opposite the
center of the body. (See plates 150 and 151.)
1095. To change guard: I. CHANGE GUARD.
Reverse the position of the hand, raising the point and draw
ing the hand back slightly, to pass over, and close to, the point
of the opponent's sword.
1096. The attacks and parries, to the left, are made from the
position of right guard only, and vice versa.
1097. The head and thrust attacks and parries are made from
the right guard only.
THE STEPS.
In the engage
ment and assault, one opponent advances when the other retires,
and one steps to the right when the other steps to the left.
THE PARRIES.
I. Head, 2. PARRY.
1099. Carry the point of the sword a little to the right, then
drop it to the left and raise the sword quickly a few inches above
the head, edge up, hand in front of the right ear, the point to
the left, the sword inclined slightly downward. (See plate 152)
-
SWORD EXERCISE.
308
1100. (I.) Carry the hand about ten inches in front and three
inches to the right of the right cheek, edge to the right, point
up, sword inclined slightly to the front.
Plate 152. Arts. 1099 and 1107. Head attack and parry.
*
(2.) For the neck parry, lower the hand a few inches. (See
lates 155 and 156, art. IIo8.)
I. Right flank, 2. PARRY.
land about the height of the breast. (See plates 157 and 159,
rts. IIo9 and IIIo.)
1103. Attacks at the leg are not parried with the sword, but
by moving the right toe to the rear of the left heel, legs ex
ended; at the same time carry the upper part of the body for
ward and attack the opponent's head or cheek. This move
ment will be executed at the command:
SworD ExERCISE.
309
SINGLE ATTACKS.
1104 (1.) All single attacks are made in two motions, the
first motion being to disengage and extend the arm quickly in
(2.) The command, attack (or return), is the signal for the
first motion, and the command, lunge, for the second motion.
$10
SworD ExERCISE.
ack slightly and reversing the hand, the point passing over and
lose to the opponent's sword, and then extend the arm quickly.
(5.) In the thrust attack, disengage by dropping the point be
low and to the opposite side of the opponent's sword, and re
verse the hand, if the guard is to the left; if the guard is to the
fight, the hand is not reversed.
1105. (I.) Having executed the first motion of an attack:
LUNGE.
Plate 155. Arts. 1100 and 1108. Right cheek attack and parry.
}
SworD ExERCISE.
311
Plate 156. Arts. 1100 and 1108. Left cheek attack and parry.
right, and point directly for the middle of the face, or neck
(See plates 155 and 156.)
Plate 157.
*>
the right, hand opposite the left breast. (See plate 157.)
418
~~~~~
_-
SWORD ExERCISE.
312
flank, 2. ATTACK.
Plate 158. Arts. 1101 and 1110. Right flank attack and parry.
right, and point at the flank. (See plates 158 and 159.)
G-#2-#,
"S.--....
"
-**
Plate 159. Arts. 1102 and 1110. Left flank attack and parry.
1111. After all attacks for the face, neck, or body, press with
the thumb on the hilt and then withdraw the sword in an oblique
direction to obtain a clear cut.
419
31:
SWORD ExERCISE.
1112. The parries and attacks are first taught separately and
afterwards in combination, thus:
I. Head, 2. PARRY (or ATTACK), 3. GUARD, etc.
I. Head, 2. ATTACK, 3. LUNGE, 4. GUARD, etc.
I. Left cheek, 2. ATTACK, 3. LUNGE, 4. Right flank, 5. PARRY.
6. GUARD, etc.
RETURNS.
1113. The attacks from the positions of the parries are called
returns, and are made as follows: After the head parry: I.
Head (or, Left cheek, neck, or flank), 2. RETURN.
At the second command, describe a quarter-circle with the
point above the head from left to right by way of the rear with
out disturbing the position of the hand; when the sword points
directly to the rear reverse the hand, bringing the edge to the
left, extend the arm quickly and finish the movement as for the
head, cheek, neck, or left flank attack.
1. Head, 2.
RETURN.
314
Sword ExERCISE.
3. LUNGE, 4. GUARD.
At the second command, feint for the left cheek, at which the
SWORD ExERCISE.
315
the hand of the opponent instead of his eyes, and to attack close
to his sword.
422
--~~~~~~~~~...~" -
PHYSICAL DRILL*
UNDER ARMS
Fig.1.
Coming to Ready,
Coming to Ready,
First Position.
Art, 1.
Second Position.
Art. 1.
Plate 1.
1. Coming to Ready.
I. Raise the piece with the right hand, grasp it with the left
at the height of the right shoulder, knuckles towards the body.
The right hand will grasp the small of the stock, forefinger
under the guard.
slings up, at the same time moving the right foot to the right
about twelve inches. Keep the chest out, and the shoulders
well back. This position is Ready, and is the starting point
of all the movements under arms.
Fig. 1.
Plate 9.
Fig. 2.
Down and Forward, End of First
Down and Forward, End of Third
Count.
Art. 2.
Count.
Art. 2.
-- =m'
D
Plate 3.
Plate 4.
Art. 3.
Art. 4.
4. Up and Shoulders.
3. Up again to vertical.
4. Down to Ready.
Command: Up and ShouldersI, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4.
-425
5. Side Pushes.
Plate 5.
Plate 6.
Art. 6.
6. Diagonal Lunges.
- -
4. Back to Ready.
Command: Diagonal LungesI, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4.
SPECIAL ACTION.The muscles of the arms, back and legs.
7. Forward Lunges.
2. Back to Ready.
3. Lunge to the front with
left leg, as above.
4. Back to Ready.
Command: Forward Lunges
I, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4.
SPECIAL ACTION.The mus
Plate 7.
Plate 8.
8. Front Sweeps.
9. Overhead Twists.
9. 1. From Ready, raise the piece overhead, at the same time
twisting it till the butt points directly forward. Keep the pice
horizontal.
2. Twist the piece to the right until the muzzle points directly
forward. Hold the hips firmly forward, confining the move
ment to the upper part of the body.
Plate 9.
-
Fig.1.
Overhead Twists,*
":"
Fig. 2.
Overhead Twists, Muzzle Forwar
(Side view.) Art. 9.
428
=-
Fig. 1.
Plate 10.
Fig. 2.
Side Twists, Second Count.
Side Twists, Fourth Count.
Art. 10.
Art. 10.
PHYSICAL DRILL*
WITHOUT ARMS.
11. The exercises may be executed by command, or to music,
*4.
ate
11.
Position. Art. 11.
Plate 12.
Plate 13.
Side Sweeps, at
Front Sweeps," at
Vertical. Art.13,
the squad,
or crew, and t take intervals or distance as
in Form
the bayonet
exercise.
-
Position.
-
Head
Command: Position 1
-'--
--
- -
-" -
Fig.1.
Fingers, First Position. Art. 14
Fig. 4.
Plate 14.
Fig. 3.
Fingers, Fourth Position. Art 14.
*Fingers, Third Position. (Side View.) Art. 14.
431
12. I. Slowly inflate the lungs through the nose (keeping th:
mouth shut), at the same time raising the arms in side semi
circles to vertical, and emphasizing the out and up stretch,
At vertical the knuckles should touch, the elbows should be
straight, the lower arms should lightly press the ears. The
lungs should be full.
slowly through the nose (keeping the mouth shut), at the same
time raising the arms slowly, through front semicircles, to
vertical. Emphasize the out and up stretch. When at vertica
the thumbs should be interlaced, palms front, elbows straight
and lower arms brushing the ears. The lungs should be full.
2. Return the arms through front semicircles to sides and
past as far as possible, exhaling slowly, but keeping chest out
and chin in.
14.
Perform move
--------
- -
- *~~~"
-
Fig.1.
Wrists, First Position. Art. 15.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3,
Plate 15.
Art. 15.
Fig. 4.
Per
Perform
SidesI, 2;
I, 2. FrontI, 2; 1, 2. Up-I, 2; I, 2.
SPECIAL ACTION.The muscles of the fingers and forearms.
Fig.1.
Plate 16.
Fig. 2.
Arms, Thrust, End of First Count.
Arms, Thrust, End of Second Count
Art. 16.
Art. 16.
4. Wrists.
15. I. Hands at vertical (where the last exercise left them).
Keep fingers and elbows straight. Bend hands backward as
far as possible. Then forward. Perform movement twice.
Per
Perform
mOWement tW1ce.
Perform movement
twice.
SideI, 2; 1, 2.
Front1, 2;
Down1, 2; 1, 2.
---~~~-"
PHYSICAL DRILLS WITH AND WITHOUT ARMS.
-
5. Arms, Thrust.
16. I. Hands at the sides. Close hands tightly.
Bring fore
sible, twisting the arms. Throw the chest out, and keep the
head back and chin in.
Plate 17.
*Arm Circle, End of
First Count.
Art. 17.
Fig. 1."
Plate 18.
Fig. 2.
Shoulders, End of
Shoulders, End of
First Count.
Art. 18.
Second Count.
Art. 18.
6. Arm Circle.
Empha
7. Shoulders.
18.
Fig. 1.
Neck, End of First
Count.
Plate 19.
Art. 19.
Fig.2.
Neck, End of Second
Count.
8.
Art. 19.
Neck.
20.
9. Toes.
erect.
2. Back to Position.
436
21.
Keep
Plate 21.
Knee Stoop, First Count.
Plate 20
Art. 23.
11. Feet.
22.
the toes up, and spread feet apart toward side horizontals,
Keep shoulders
24.
Plate 23.
Plate 22.
64
Knee
Lift.
At count
theFirst
knee Count.
should
**
Art. 24.
Thighs,
Jumping at End of
*::::...a
#d
Count. Art. 25.
2. Back to Position.
Plate 24.
Art. 26.
Keep the right knee stiff, the head up, and the
touch the deck beside the right heel with the right hand, turn
ing the eyes upward.
4. Back to position, hands on tops of shoulders.
27.
Try to strike the back of the thigh with the heel each time the
foot is raised. The exercise may be done either as a run or
as a walk.
Halt 1
28.
1. Raise the right fist and thrust briskly forward to the fill
extent of the arm, knuckles to the front; at the same time
raise the left fist to the left breast, elbow close to and well to
the rear of the body.
2. Thrust the left fist briskly forward, and bring the right fist
to the right breast.
Command: Arms Alternately to FrontI, 2; I, 2, etc.
18. Swinging the Arms to the Front and Rear.
29.
hands up.
3, etc.
--"
2. Raise the upper part of the body from the hips, inflate the
chest and throw it well forward, the small of the back in, shoul
ders square, head erect without straining the cords of the neck.
the hips,
2. Bend the body forward, raise and press the elbows back,
chest out, head erect, eyes to the front.
3. Place the body erect on the hips.
4. Bend the body back, chest out.
I. Place the body erect on the hips.
Command: Bend Body Forward and BackI, 2, 3, 4; 1, 2, 3, 4,
etc.
32.
33.
same time extend quickly the left leg; carry the right foot for
44I
ward about thirty-six inches, toe to the front, foot grazing the
floor, knee outward and vertically over the right foot, body
erect, head thrown back, left arm extended to the rear and
about three inches from the thigh, fingers extended and joined.
3. Raise the body, bring the right foot back against the left,
heels together, drop both hands by the sides.
This exercise may be practiced with the left foot to the front
by making the half face to the right, and reversing the motions
as described.
CONTENTS
PART I
CONTENTS
Movements by Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
School of Battalion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Color Guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-17
2O-29
30-52
53-69
6268
70-72
70-72
7I
73-75
7683
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84-88
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89-103
Plate IIo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I04
Plates III and 112. . . . . . . . . I05-106
Advance and Rear Guard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Io7-108
Camping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IO9-III
Outposts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II2-II3
Wall Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Extended Order, Squad. . . . .
Front Attack by a Company,
Front Attack by a Battalion,
NOTE.In Part I the pages at the top, all plates and para
graphs are numbered as in the Hand Book of Infantry and
CONTENTS
PART II
GUN
AND TORPEDO
DRILLS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I60-163
. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
164-167
176
177
444
---"
CoNTENTs
PAGE
178-179
180-183
184-185
186-199
TORPEDOES
249
249
28O
||
CONTENTS
PART IV
317
317
3d Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32I
4th Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
II. Position and Aiming Drills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Standing ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Kneeling ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Sitting Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Lying Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Rear Sight, Model 1901 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34I
III. Gallery Practice ................................. 346
IV. Revolver Firing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35I
V. Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
VI. General Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Long-range Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Suggestions to Riflemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Instructions for Handling Arms Heated by
Firing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
VII.
375
PART V.
CONTENTS
PAGE
384
"E" -
CoNTENTs
PAGE
Wearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
392
Gybing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Carrying Quarter-Boat Rigged Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
To Lower a Boat at Sea in Bad Weather. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Lowering a Stern Boat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Hoisting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
4OI
PART VI
PAGE
4O4
423
430
447
Los Angeles
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