Give me a detail of an error that you have in accounted in sap.

Tell me what the

error was how did it happen how did you find it and how did you rectified it in
this case?

Discuss the element of CRM and SCM that you have in counted in SAP?
Customer relationship management (CRM) is a system for managing a company's
interactions with current and future customers. It often involves using technology to
organize, automate, and synchronize sales, marketing, customer service, and
technical support. Products for the SAP Customer solution have the ability to pull
master data from SAP CRM applications. Master data in the form of products,
accounts, and contacts sync them directionally so that salespeople always have
access to the most accurate data wherever they are. Line of Business: Sales,
Marketing, Supply, and Chain.
Traditionally CRM includes Marketing, Sales, Customer Service and Analysis. The
Marketing category includes functionalities such as Contact Management and
Campaign Management. The Sales category includes Account Management,
Opportunity and Pipeline Management. This section has many connection points
with traditional Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Furthermore the
Customer Service category links features such as service and complaints that are
related to interactions between the company and the customer. Consequently the
CRM functionality is highly cross-departmental ranging from Marketing to Account
Management with ERP connection and the Service department. Finally the Analysis
of the cross departmental features is a key aspect of CRM. The cross departmental
character is only one key aspect of CRM. In addition, new technologies that help you
reach out to the customer are constantly added. For example, the continuous quality
control will measure the performance of your company against the feedback
received from customers.
I have encountered it in creating customer master records where you are setting it up
in the sap system and entering all their relevant details such as putting in their
addresses and tax codes etc. You are able to edit their details if u need to. For the
customer you can also create condition records where you set up an agreement
between the customer such as discounts taxes and can set up specifies intervals
where it is applicable. In order to sell a master record a condition record must be
defined.
Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the management of the flow of goods and
services. It includes the movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process
inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. Helps
companies anticipate change and make the adjustments to manage risks and
opportunities. In turn, inventory and working capital are significantly reduced, service
levels are optimized, and profitability and customer service are improved.
Vendors
I have seen this in creating a vendor master record.

The vendor master database contains information about the vendors that supply an
enterprise. This information is stored in individual vendor master records. A vendor
master record contains the vendors name and address, as well as data such as:

The currency used for ordering from the vendor

Terms of payment

Names of important contact persons (sales staff)

Since, to the accounts department, vendors are generally creditors (accounts
payable), the vendor master record also contains accounting information, such as
the relevant control account (reconciliation account) in the general ledger.
Therefore, the vendor master record is maintained by
both Accounting and Purchasing.
How is the Vendor Master Record Structured?
Vendor master records contain important data on your vendors. You can also store
data in the vendor master record that applies to certain specific organizational levels
(e.g. company code, purchasing organization, plant) within your enterprise.
The vendor master record consists of three areas:
1.
General data
Data that applies equally to each company code within your enterprise (address,
telephone number, language in which you communicate with your vendor, etc.).
2.
Company code data
Data kept at company code level (payment transaction data or number of control
account, for example).
3.
Purchasing data
Data that is of importance with regard to your enterprises purchasing
activities and which is kept at purchasing organization level (such as
contact person or terms of delivery).
How are the Vendor Master Records Numbered?
Each vendor master record is assigned a unique number (the vendor's account
number used by Financial Accounting). You need this number to call up the master
record or to enter purchase orders. A vendor has the same account number in all
company codes.
The type of number assignment and the number range are determined through the
account group that you enter when you create a master record.
The number can be assigned internally by the system or by the user (i.e. externally)
when a master record is created. For external number assignment, alphanumeric
numbers are also allowed.
The system ensures that the numbers are always unique. With internal number
assignment, the system assigns numbers consecutively from a given range. With
external number assignment, it prevents an already used number from being reused.

Discuss the product costing system in SAP?

Evaluate new product costs or quotations early in the lifecycle with SAP software for
product costing. Manage costs and quotations for product innovations or customerspecific engineered products, in line with strategic targets, where design is evolving
and master data incomplete - with transparency that can help secure future product
margins. Identify cost drivers in later stages of the product lifecycle, and simulate
and evaluate the impact of related cost reduction measures. Product Costing
Solution Capability.... different business systems in an integrated system helps
ensure that account management...Audit information system...Product cost
accounting Actual costing and material ledger Customer and product...
Product costing calculates the cost of goods manufactured and cost of goods sold
per product unit. Products are costed automatically using boms and routings from
production planning.
In obtaining the product costs, it is necessary to have the bom correct as the bom is
a complete structured list of components that make up the object. The list contains
the description quantity and unit of measure. The bom we are using has a multi level
bom which must be correct to get the correct product costing. We can adjust the bom
if we do make any mistakes.
Also the routings must be correct. A routing describes the production process used to
manufacture plant materials or product services in the production industry. Routings
are used as templates for production orders and run schedule headers and serve as
a basis for product costing.
In the product costings you can view what each part of the product costs. It gives u
an itemised list for the semi finished goods along with each cost centre work centre
and activity centre. The prices for the activity types are predefined in the ides corp
take over the freight charges.

Sap requires other external system to complete the company production

planning and scheduling. Discuss what elements of production planning you
have encounter in sap and where these fed to the external system
It is a data entry systym but it needs to be fed through other systems. The external
systems that we use are and work with are logistics, suppliers, customer systems
delieveries, accounting, costings vendors.
""Master data is the data without which you cannot do any transactions and is mandatory for every organization.
It describes the things that interact when a transaction occurs. For instance, master data that represents product
and customer must be present before the transaction is fired to sell a product to a customer.
Transaction data
These are the business documents that you create using the master data like purchase orders, sales orders etc.
Transactional Data can change very often and are not constant. And this data is created/modified out of an
application transaction

External systems are a special form of virtual system. A real SAP System is used in their place to
perform actions on the transport directory. They are different from virtual systems in that they have
their own transport directory that you can freely choose.

The warehouse control unit interface enables:

Integration of warehouse control units in the SAP environment

Connection of fork-lift control systems, carousels...

Costs to be reduced as a result of defined, release-neutral interfaces

When setting up material master, you set up the product for cross division. You enter
in the delieving plant and also that delivery will be for truck and it will be done by
manual loading.

elements of production planning that I have encountered would have been customer
would have customer information.

Sales drive production we only start production when we get an order.

Then we creted a purchase order with our vendors based on the customers orders.
Vendor data has to be correct or the automatic mrp run will fail as it will not
correspond with other modules in sap

SAP is a modular system discuss?

Because SAP is a modular system (meaning that the various functions provided by it
could be purchased piecemeal) it was an extremely versatile system. A company
could simply purchase modules that they wanted and customize the processes to
match the companys business model. SAP software automates the RFx document
creation process, no matter whether the sourcing activity is simple or complex.
Purchasing organizations can define and apply sourcing best practices, track key
tasks and milestones, and collaborate with key stakeholders with one common
system. Purchasing can enhance supplier competition by enriching supplier
discovery capabilities through online bidding, requests for quotations (RFQs), and
auctions. With a common, central view into group demands, purchasing can conduct
sourcing events for aggregated demands across the group to achieve better prices.
As a result, compliance with sourcing process can be enforced to drive savings and
spend that are aligned with management objectives.
(see sap modular handout)
A sap system consists of several modules and compoments that are connected with
each other. This enables corporation between all departments in the company. Due
to this combination the data of all modules are updated at every change in the
application module. The recoreded data is written on a database used jointly by all
applications. The accuracy of the data is checked by the sysyem.
Look at 2 graphs showing the different modules in sap that we have used
Case 1
Module of materials management = Create material masters, goods receipts for
components, goods issue for components and goods receipt in storage location.
We use Production planning for: BOMs, routings, creating purchase orders, goods
receipt in storage location.
Controllings - control product costs
CASE 2
some of the distribution models I have used are sales and distribution where they
are creating customer, create condition records and entering sales model.
Materials managements modules are and include create vendor, creating info
records and maintaining the source list, displaying stock requirements, creating
purchase orders and goods receipts.

Production planning includes MRP run, create production planning and then
confirming the production order.

Discuss the importance of master data in sap?

Master data is the set of data which is commonly used across the entire
organization and all business processes. Master data is shared by different
people for different purposes at the same time. Information about material,
customers, suppliers etc are not changing frequently. Therefore if the users have
to re-enter those information it will be a huge waste of effort. Hence its efficient to
keep this information in a place which every user can access. SAP has defined
master data for different modules. E.g. Master data used in production process,
Bill of Material (BOM), Work Centre, Product Routings, Material Master,
Production Resource Tools (PRT) The importance of master data definition of
SAP is the introduction new management practices. For example some
organizations have not defined work centres in their manufacturing plants.
Therefore SAP encourages user to adopt best management practices across the
industry.
Master data - Data that is created centrally and it is valid for all applications. It remains
constant over the time but we need to update it on regular basis. For Example: Vendor is a
type of master data that is used for creating purchase orders or contracts

Is important data that is shared in sap that is spread across the system. Master
data is the starting point of the process for example in our case study we first
enter the material master data for our system; we also enter in details about our
customers and vendors. To be able to manage things more efficiently and
effectively. Consistently across the organisation. It is only stored in a location
where only certain employees have access to certain information.
SAP Master Data is of following two types:

Material Master Data

Vendor Master Data

Material Master Data

The key points about material master are as follows:

This is the enterprise main source of material specific data. This data will include
information on the materials that a company can procure, or produce, or store or sell.

Since there are different departments in an enterprise and each department works on
some specific material. So they will enter different information regarding their material.
So each user department has its own view of material master record. So, the data
screens that are used to create material master can be divided into two categories:

Main Data: This will include basic data (base unit of measure, weight), purchasing data
(over tolerance and under tolerance), accounting data (standard price, moving price).
Additional Data: This will include additional information like short description about
material, currency etc.
Material master has the four characteristics which will be discussing one by one in below
context.

Material Types
Materials with some common attributes are grouped together and they are assigned to a
material type. This will differentiate materials and allow organization to manage different
materials in systematic manner in accordance to companys requirement. For example: Raw
Material, Finished Products are some of the material types. Material type can be created by
following the below steps.

Material Groups
Material group is a wider range of material type. Materials with some common attributes are
taken together and they are assigned to material group. For Example: Suppose we have some
materials which need packaging, so there material type can be electrical or food products but
we can group these material types and put them in packaged material group. Material Group
can be created by following below steps:

Creation of Vendor Master

Vendor Mater contains list of vendors from which a company can procure or it can sell. Vendor
Master can be created by following the below steps:-

Material Master a material master is a complete record of all of the details

of a material in a company which can be later used for production. The MM
contains details on the where the component is stored in terms of company,
plant, storage location and distribution channel and this information feeds to
other functions throughout the company.

In our case studies, we have indepently created logistics master data mainly in the
area of production planning. We then used this data in our manufacturing process. In
our case study we will have one main material master which consists of 2
components. Then the engine is made up of 3 things which are the pistion block and
camshaft. You will create 5 material masters in total along with a bill of material and 2
routings.

Discuss the importance of the MRP setup in sap and the possible impinge on
the automated success?
The main objective of MRP is to guarantee material availability. MRP is required to
procure or produce the required quantities on time for internal purpose or for SALES.
SAP software provides visibility across the supply chain to monitor stock-outs and
automatically create procurement proposals for purchasing. Leveraging this
information enables material requirement planning (MRP) managers to guarantee
material availability for procured materials at the right time. By making proactive
decisions in response to changing demand, companies can optimize costs while
meeting customer demand and helping ensure high customer satisfaction.
It uses current and future sales figures. The system calculates the requirements
based on the warehouse stock, receipts, etc. If externally procured then procurement
proposals; if internal production then it leads to creation of planned orders, and also
dependent requirements are calculated. The best thing about this is that it leads to
minimization of inventory, which leads to reduction of costs involved
The main objective of MRP is to guarantee material availability. MRP is
required to procure or produce the required quantities on time for internal
purpose or for SALES.

1 MRP an MRP is a material requirements planning function in a company

which shows what materials are needed in what quantities in order to fulfil a
sales order or some other production requirement. These details feed from
both the material masters for the components and also the BOMs set up in
the system. The system will then automatically create the necessary
production orders and purchase orders to complete the finished goods stock.

The mrp that we look at are 1, 2, 3 of mrp. In mrp 1, we attach the mrp type which is
the standard type, to the mrp controller someones name should be attached to it who
has control over it, and make sure mrp lot size is set to ex which means we only
order when we have a sales order. Ie Just in time

In mrp 2, we state the production storage location and how long it takes to actually
make the product. We have some margin for error in the finished product but no
margin of error for raw materials.

In mrp 3,

is the replenishment lead time which is the amount of time to get the product from
raw material to finished product

Automatic Planning Run This is done automatically wherein the requirements

are generated. The system generates messages in case of critical situations
which can be addressed later after the run.

There are specific setup process in sap that enable the system to automate all
information from a transaction process?
Would include master data, boms, and then the rom.
Then created customer and vendor data and purchasing information for each
component.
Then creared the mrp run to be automatic process within sap