Project Work Report on:

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER DOSES OF NPK ON GROWTH AND YIELD

OF TWO OKRA VARIETIES DURING SPRING-SUMMER SEASON AT CHITWAN
CONDITION

ABSTRACT:
With the view to evaluate the yields of different okra varieties under different fertilizers
treatments, a field experiment was conducted in the name of PROJECT WORK by sowing seeds
directly. The experiment was conducted at vegetable Farm of IAAS (Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Science), Rampur, Chitwan. The okra was cultivated on 13th of chaitra 2070 and was
harvested from 4th Jestha 2071. The whole field was divided into 72 plots each plot measuring
2x1.4m2. The average yield of Arka Anamika is found to be 2.55ton per ha and that of hybrid line
US7109 is found to be 3.09ton per ha.

INTRODUCTION:
Okra: Abelmoschus esculentus, known

as lady's fingers, bhindi , gumbo or Ramtoria, is

a flowering plant of the malvaceae family. It is valued for its edible green pods. The
geographical origin of okra is disputed, with supporters of South Asian, Ethiopian and West
African origins. The plant is cultivated in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions
around the world.
Arka Anamika is interspecific hybrid between Abelmoschus esculentus (IIHR20-31) x A.
manihot followed by backcross with A. tetraphyllus (Resistant to YVMV). Purple pigments are
present on both sides of the petal base and green stem are seen with purple shad. The fruits are
lush green, long and tender which are borne in two flushes and first flushes are ready to harvest
in 45-50 days. During the first flush, fruits are borne on the main stem and during second flush,
fruits are borne on the middle portion of the main stem.
Fruits are free from spines and have 5-6 ridges. Delicate aroma is present in this variety. It is
open pollinated -hybrid type variety with tall medium plant vigor. The fruits are with length 1520 cm. It is medium branching variety. It is tropical sown vegetable for which, well drained and
deep soil is ideal. Optimum temperature of 25-300C is needed for its proper performance.
Planting times varies largely and may be Feb-March/ June-July/ Oct-Nov. For the summer
season crop, spacing of 60*30 cm2 is recommended and for kharif season, 60*45 cm2 is ideal.
Arka anamika has good keeping and cooking qualities. This variety is found to be tolerant to
Yellow vein Mosaic Virus. The duration of this variety is of 130-135 days. It gives yield up to
10-12 ton per ha when properly managed during cultivation.
Objectives
1. To gain knowledge on layout and practice on it.
2. To sharpen our skills and techniques in OKRA cultivation.
3. To analyze the yield of different OKRA varieties on different nutrient treatments.
We were assigned to cultivate okra in the field and to carry out each and every activities right
from the seed sowing to its harvesting. The main purpose of our project work is to have a yield
analysis under various treatments of nutrient.

Methodology:
The first work assigned for us was to gather all the information about cultivation practices of
okra. The following activities gives about idea of methods carried to carry our project work:1. Group formation
Six groups were formed out of 58 students. All groups comprising of nearly equal number of
students. Ours was first group comprising of ten students.
2. Field layout
Our site of operation was at the vegetable farm. Firstly we were allowed to clear land and make
it clean. Thereafter land was ploughed and prepared for final sowing. Each group was assigned
with single varietal plot. Dimension of different plots were as follows:
Total Area of the field = 22.1 X 17.5 m2 = 386.75m2
Area of a single plot within varietal plot = 140 cm X 200 cm (2.8 m2)
No. of rows within a plot= 5
R-R distance = 40 cm
P-P distance= 20cm
Gaps between two plots of same variety = 30 cm
Gaps between two varietal plots of same replication= 50cm
Gaps between two replication= 1m

3. Treatments selection and replication

Total no. of replication=3
Treatment:
a) Varietal treatment: Arka anamika and NS series (US7109)
b) Fertilizers treatment: It is shown as follows
FYM: 20ton/ha (i.e. 5.5 kg/2.8m2)

Nitrogen (kg/ha)
40 (N1)
60 (N2)
80 (N3)

Doses of different fertilizers

Phosphorus (kg/ha)
Potassium (kg/ha)
30 (P1)
30 (K1)
60 (P2)
60 (K2)
-

Total fertilizers treatment obtained as: N1P1K1, N1P1K2, N1P2K1, N1P2K2, N2P1K1, N2P1K2,
N2P2K1, N2P2K2, N3P1K1, N3P1K2, N3P2K1 and N3P2K2
4. Field operations
Field preparation: Firstly the field was selected in vegetable farm, ploughed with disc
plough and the weeds were removed. Well rotten FYM was sprayed on the field and Kuto
and kodalo was used to prepare the well pulverized field. After the field was well pulverized,
made mixed with manure and free from weed
Seed sowing: Seed sowing was done by dibbling method. 2 seeds per hole/spot were
inserted and covered with thin layers of soil. Row to Row distance was 40 cm and Plant to
Plant distance was 20 cm.
Fertilizers application: FYM was applied @ 20ton/ha (5.5 kg/2.8m2or per small plot).
Similarly 12 different treatments of NPK were applied as mentioned above and amount for
each treatment was calculated accordingly.
DAP: P1= 20g
P2= 40g
MOP: K1= 15g
K2= 30g
Urea: N1 with P1= 18g
N1 with P2= 11g
N2 with P1= 30g
N2 with P2= 23g
N3 with P1=43g
N3 with P2= 35g
Irrigation: Irrigation was done as per need generally once in week.

Weeding: Three weeding was done manually with kutto and kodalo and single earthing up
was done.
Chemicals and pesticide application: We dont apply Insecticides and micronutrients
ourselves rather it was applied by farm assistants as recommended by project supervisor.
Harvesting: Harvesting was done manually at commercial maturity at one day interval and
altogether nine picking was done.

Date wise sequence of activities:

S.N.
1
2
3

Date
2070-12-12
2070-12-13
2070-12-13

Activities
Field layout
Manure (FYM) application
Seed bed preparation

4
5
6
7

2070-12-13
2071-01-08
2071-01-13
2071-01-22

Seed sowing
First weeding was carried
Gap filling by seeds was done
Second weeding and earthing up

2071-02-3

Third weeding

2071-02-04

Harvesting was started and nine consecutive picking was

carried out at one day interval

Observation
Most of the plants were affected by Yellow vein mosaic virus and insect attack was also seen
higher at the later time. For yield analysis we weigh the weight of okra of each plot after each
picking. The average yield of each fertilizers treatment was found as:

S. N
1
2
3
4

Treatment

Average

N1P1K1
N1P1K2
N1P2K 1
N1P2K2

(ton/ha)
3.036
2.568
2.634
3.108

yield
Average
yield

Average yield
of of

variety:

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

N2P1K1
N2P1K2
N2P2K1
N2P2K2
N3P1K1
N3P1K2
N3P2K1
N3P2K2

2.907
2.976
3.084
2.535
2.805
3.309
2.775
2.454

variety:

US7109=

Arka

3.099ton/ha

anamika=
2.556ton/ha

Result of ANOVA:
As per the analysis of project supervisor Mr. Rambabu Neupane the values of ANOVA
parameters were found as:
Probability () = 0.1
Ftabulated for fertilizer treatments (11, 22) = 1.8817
Fcalculated for fertilizer treatment (11, 22) = 0.6522
Result: Non-significant for fertilizer treatments
Ftabulated for varietal treatment (1, 2) = 8.5263
Fcalculated for varietal treatment (1, 2) = 11.1428
Result: Significant for varietal treatment

Interpretation
From the result of ANOVA, there is no significant effect of different fertilizer combinations
in Okra yield. But N3P1K2 fertilizer combination gives the highest yield and yield is minimal
for N3P2K2 combination. This result shows that okra varieties are neutral to different
fertilizers combination but this logic is not valid scientifically. Thus, it seems that the
experimental plots were already rich in nutrients concerned in the experiment. Hence, there is
no significant effect of added nutrients combination to the crop yield.

The ANOVA shows significant result for different varietal treatment. The hybrid US7109 is
superior to improved variety Arka anamika for yield and disease resistant. It is due to the fact
that hybrids have higher yield potential than improved and local varieties. They are also less
susceptible to diseases and insect pests. Thus, the hybrid US7109 is more suited to existing
environment of Rampur than Arka anamika.
Conclusion
Okra is well thriving crop in dry conditions as well. The adaptability of Okra has made it
favorable for cultivation on different time seasons and different locations. Arka Anamilka is a
inter-specific hybrid which has good yield performance and is supposed to be tolerent to the
Yellow vein mosaic virus. Though the variety was attacked by yellow vein mosaic virus the yield
performance of this variety is much appraisable. Within the 60-70 days of its production, we
were able to obtain the average yield of 2.5 tons per ha which might go higher since the
economic yield can be taken up to 90-100 days too. The more severe loss in yield was due to the
Mosaic virus which seriously devastated the yield.

References :

Krishi Diary,2071. Agriculture information and communication center, Hariharbhawan

Kathmandu, Nepal
Vegetable farming technology,2068, Agribusiness promotion and statistics Division,

ministry of agriculture and co-operatives, Singha Durbar, Nepal

Bhendi- http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/horti_vegetables_bhendi.html
Kerla agriculture information center: www.iihr.res.in
Shakya,santaman. Lecture notes on vegetable crops production and spices for B.Sc. Ag.
4th semester.