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Vias =
2p
(1)
1 In Flight Measurements
Values measured during in flight testing:
- Responses from installed strain gauges
(left wing)
- Load factor at center of gravity
- Load factor at left wing
- Load factor at rear part of fuselage
- Static pressure
- Overall pressure
- Deflection of elevator
- Deflection of left aileron
Totally there were installed 35 strain gauges [1]
in 5 cuts along the wingspan. Typical example
of strain gauges placing is on Fig. 1.
01
03
02
04
IVO JEBACEK
qv1 = qk 1 + qk 2 + qT 1
(3)
and
qv 2 = qk 2 + qT 2
I.
III.
II.
IV.
Cut 9.
I.
IV.
II.
(4)
III.
T
Cut 11.
b11
b12
m1
.... b1 j
Mo = b21 b22
.... b2 j *
Mk
.... b3 j
b31
b32
m2
....
(5)
mj
* mnj
* mnj
* Tn
(6)
T1
T2
qk1
T1
T2
qk2
P.E.(T ) = 0.6745.
2
V
n (q + 1)
(7)
where
n
number of loads applied
q
number of terms in calibration equation
2
V sum of squares of the residuals
2
MEASUREMENT OF THE STRAIN AND BENDING MOMENT ON THE WING OF AN AIRCRAFT AND
USING OF THESE FINDINGS FOR FATIGUE TEST
= (T )
2
V
b ij * m nj
*T
(8)
C3
18,73
-18,02
R3
22,98
R5
16,08
R7
13,29
R8
5,08
P.E.(bmo)=
P.E.(bT)=
C3
0,103
0,221
R3
0,135
R5
0,100
R7
0,108
R8
0,071
(10)
M OR 3 = (22, 98 0,14)mR 3
(11)
M OR 5 = (16, 08 0,10)mR 5
(12)
M OR 7 = (13, 29 0,11)mR 7
(13)
M OR 8 = (5, 08 0, 07)mR 8
(14)
IVO JEBACEK
In flight
meas.
[MPa]
Strength
test meas.
[MPa]
Calculating
[MPa]
For fatig.
test
[MPa]
-9,5
-25,0
-16,5
-17,0
14,5
20,5
14,4
15,0
Tab. 3 Input data for fatigue test (example for cut R3)
F2
[N]
1730
F3
[N]
520
F4
[N]
552
F5
[N]
550
MEASUREMENT OF THE STRAIN AND BENDING MOMENT ON THE WING OF AN AIRCRAFT AND
USING OF THESE FINDINGS FOR FATIGUE TEST
Count of
cycles
guest rolling total
+
man.
[1/fl.] [1/fl.] [1/fl.]
24
1
25
Count of
cycles
guest
total
+
man.
[1/FH] [1/FH]
36
37,5
nh
nd
Frequency
[1]
4,500
4,315
3,946
3,585
3,249
2,890
2,533
2,170
1,812
[1]
-1,12
-1,02
-0,83
-0,64
-0,49
-0,32
-0,15
0,05
0,27
[1/sequence]
1
1
3
5
13
32
103
446
4580
Cumulative
frequency
[1/sequence]
1
2
5
10
23
55
158
604
5184
Frequency
[1]
0,543
0,508
0,432
0,354
0,276
0,198
0,120
0,042
[1/sequence]
1
11
123
1089
6833
27035
57236
41592
Cumulative
frequency
[1/sequence]
1
12
135
1224
8057
35092
92328
133920
IVO JEBACEK
Advantages
a little needed
space in a
testing
laboratory
Only the
center spar
with wing
easy inspection
spars
Whole
structure
of the wing
Disadvantages
many
preparations
(vehicles) for
the test
not the best
system of
loading
necessity to
tune the test on
the right strain
better
conformity
with real
structure
easy loading
of all loads
component
problem with
substitution of
the fuselage
(stiffness and
others)
lower number
of the test
preparations
poor inspection
possibilities
Fatigue test
Validation of the
calculation
method in flight
measurement
Submission
of the test
Acquirement of
the strain on
critical parts of the
structure
In flight
measurement of
the strain
Possibilities of the
testing laboratory
Methodology of
the test
AIRCRAFT
AUTHORITY
(EASA, CAA)
MEASUREMENT OF THE STRAIN AND BENDING MOMENT ON THE WING OF AN AIRCRAFT AND
USING OF THESE FINDINGS FOR FATIGUE TEST
References
[1] JEBEK, I. Measurement of the wing bending
moment of aircraft CS-23 category; Conference
RRDPAE, BRNO 2008, CD, ISSN: 1425-2104
Volume 2008
[2] JEBEK, I. Experimental determine of wing
loading, Experimental stress analysis 2003. Brno
University of Technology.
2003. p. 43 - 44.
ISBN 80-214-2314-5
[3] Skopinski T.H., Aiken William S. Calibration of
strain-gage installation in aircraft structures for the
measurement of flight loads. NACA Report 1178.
[4] Augustin, P. Methodology of the fatigue test of the
center wing spar and outer wing spar, Research
report, Brno University of Technology. 2008.
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