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STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION OF

BADIN AREA USING 2D SEISMIC DATA


Thesis proposal

Submitted by:
Muhammad Ali
35978
Supervisor:
Dr. Mubarik Ali

Karachi, Pakistan
March

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

RESEARCH TITLE:
Structural interpretation of Badin area using 2d seismic data
INTRODUCTION

The study area is the part of Southern Sindh Monocline. Sindh


Monocline is an important hydrocarbon producing area of Pakistan
fromwhere a large number of hydrocarbon fields have been discovered
in the tilted fault blocks.
The area is highly deformed and is characterized by extensional
tectonic activities which are related to rifting phases experienced by the
Indo-Pakistan plate. Thus the study of structural styles formed due to
these tectonic activities is much important as the cretaceous rifting
episodes had a profound effect on the formation and occurrence of
hydrocarbons in Sindh Monocline.
Sindh Monocline, commonly known as Badin Block Area.
Study area is located of Badin district in Sindh province of Pakistan.
The district is placed between 24 5N to 25 25N Latitude and 68 21
E to 69 20 E Longitude and is bounded on the North by Hyderabad
district, on the South by Arabian Sea & Rann of Kutch, on the East by
Mirpurkhas & Tharparkar districts and on the West by Thatta and
Hyderabad districts .

TECTONIC OF AREA
Tectonics of Indian platform of which Sind monocline forms a part has
been discussed by many authors. The northward movement of Indian
platform generated compression where accompanying anticlockwise
rotation produced tension. As a result of tension the platform was split
into grabens and horst. This tectonic setting provided the ideal
condition for widespread deposition of sediments exhibiting a variety of
facies, including organic rich Sember shale (Source rock) and highly
porous and permeable Lower Goru sands (Reservoir Rock) (Raza et al,
1990).
Two sets of faults indicting two different episodes of rifting are
developed in the platform. The first set of faults associated with early
cretaceous Kutch rift phase and the second set is a consequences of
Late cretaceous Cambay rift phase.
Grabens are main areas for the generation of hydrocarbons while faults
are providing migration pathway for hydrocarbons from source to
reservoir rocks.
Faults are also providing the trapping mechanism for hydrocarbons.
The tilted fault block traps were in existence at the time of hydrocarbon
generation. Fault associated with the structural closures are responsible
for trapping oil and gas in lower Goru sand stones in the study and
nearby areas.

OBECTIVE
The purpose of this proposal is to study structural variations of
subsurface using seismic and well log data of Badin area.
Study of geology of area
Structural interpretation of seismic data
1. Identification of faults and it types
2. Folds and it types
3. Structural mapping.
4. identification of traps
5. Finding prospect

METHODOLOGY
INTERPRETATION :
Interpretation is the transformation of seismic data into structural and
stratigraphic picture through a series of different steps. Thus threading
together all the available geological and geophysical information
including the seismic and then integrating them all in a single picture
can only give a picture closer to the reality.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS:
In structural interpretation main emphasis is on the structural traps in
which tectonics play an important role. Tectonic setting usually governs
which types of structures are present and how the structural features are
correlated with each others, so tectonics of the area is helpful in
determining the structural style of the area and to locate the traps.
Structural traps include the faults, anticlines, duplex etc. (Sheriff,
1999).
Seismic sections can predict the structure that scale up to few tens of
kilometers. For large scale interpretation we have to use the grids of
seismic lines. Unmigrated section is not suitable for structure
interpretation, because it creates many problems like synclines becomes
narrows and vice versa. Even a migrated section not fully fit for
complex area like the area of study (Badley, 1984).
Some seismic section contains images that can be interpreted without
any difficulty. Discontinuous reflectors clearly indicate faults and
undulating reflections reveals folded beds. Most interpretation of
structural features are directly marked on seismic time sections
(Robinson & Coruh 1988).
Structural interpretation step:
1. Horizons picking
2. seismic time section
3. seismic depth section
4. contour map
5. time contour and surface map of basal sand
6. depth contour and surface map of basal sand
7. Identification of prospect

DATA REQUIREMENT
Seismic lines are available in public domain are:

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT:
Seismic Interpretation will be carried out by using Geographix
Software(SeisVision is a standard module of the Landmark
GeoGraphix) available with Bahria university Karachi campus. This
Software is a Powerful, fully integrated 2D and 3D Seismic
interpretation tool that provides all facility to achieve my objective
Interpretation and mapping tools.

CONCLUSION

Structuring in the area provides basic elements of petroleum system.


Grabens are main areas for generation of hydrocarbons while faults are
providing migration pathway for hydrocarbons from source rock to
reservoir rocks. Faults are also providing trapping mechanism for
hydrocarbons. The main constituents of petroleum system are present
as proven by number oil and gas discoveries in the area. data reveals
that as a result of major & minor tectonic events.

REFERENCE:
Munir, A., S. Asim, S. A. Bablani and A. A. Asif, (2014). Seismic data
interpretation and fault mapping in Badin area, Sindh, Pakistan Sindh Univ.
Res. Jour. (Sci. Ser). Vol. 46 No.2, 133-142.
Ahmad S. S. M., (2003). Zaur Structure- A Complex Trap in a Poor Seismic
Data Area, SPE-PAPG Annual Technical Conference 2003 Proceedings,
147-163, Pakistan.
Iqbal B . Kadri Petroleum Geology of Pakistan Published (1995) by
Pakistan Petroleum Limited.

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