Civil Enginnering Facts

Standard conversion factors
INCH = 25.4 MILLIMETRE

FOOT = 0.3048 METRE
YARD = 0.9144 METRE
MILE = 1.6093 KILOMETER
ACRE = 0.4047 HECTARE
POUND = 0.4536 KILOGRAM
DEGREE FARENHEIT X 5/9 32 = DEGREE CELSIUS
MILLIMETRE= 0.0394 INCH
METRE = 3.2808FOOT
METRE = 1.0936YARD
1) MILD STEEL (MS)
SHEET
WEIGHT (KGS) = LENGTH (MM) X WIDTH (MM) X 0. 00000785 X THICKNESS
example The weight of MS Sheet of 1mm thickness and size 1250 MM X
2500 MM shall be
2500MM X 1250 MM X 0.00000785 X 1 = 24.53 KGS/ SHEET
2) MS
SQUARE
WEIGHT
(KGS
WIDTH
WIDTH
0.00000785
LENGTH.
Example : A Square of size 25mm and length 1 metre then the weight shall
be.
25x25X 0.00000785 X 1000mm = 4.90 kgs/metre
3) MS
ROUND
WEIGHT (KGS ) = 3.14 X 0.00000785 X ((diameter / 2)X( diameter / 2)) X

LENGTH.
Example : A Round of 20mm diameter and length 1 metre then the weight
shall
be.
3.14 X 0.00000785 X ((20/2) X ( 20/2)) X 1000 mm = 2.46 kgs / metre

4) SS
DIA
SS
ROUND
(mm)
DIA
(mm)
/
0.00623
WEIGHT
PER
METRE
MS
Pipe
OD ( mm) W.Tthick(mm) X W.Thick (mm) X 0.0248 = Weight Per Metre

OD ( mm) W.Tthick(mm) X W.Thick (mm) X 0.00756 = Weight Per Foot
5) SS
MS
CIRCLE
DIA(mm) X DIA (mm) X THICK(mm) 0.0000063 = Kg Per Piece

6) SS
sheet
Length (Mtr) X Width (Mtr) X Thick(mm) X 8 = Weight Per Piece

Length (ft) X Width (ft) X Thick(inch) X 3 /4 = Weight Per Piece
7) S.S
DIA
HEXAGONAL
(mm)
DIA
(mm)
BAR
0.00680
WT.
PER
Mtr
Dia (mm) X Dia (mm) X 0.002072 = Wt. Per foot.

8) BRASS
SHEET
WEIGHT (KGS) = LENGTH (MM) X BREADTH (MM) X 0. 0000085 X

THICKNESS
Example The weight of brass sheet of thickness 1 mm, length 1220mm and
breadth
355mm
shall
be
1220 X355X 0.0000085 X 1 = 3.68 Kgs/Sheet

9) COPPER
SHEET

THICKNESS
Example The weight of coppper sheet of thickness 1 mm, length 1220mm
and
breadth
355mm
shall
be
1220X355 X 0.0000087 X 1 = 3.76 Kgs/Sheet

10)
BRASS
COPPER
PIPE
OD (mm) THICK (mm) X THICK(mm) X 0.0260 = WEIGHT PER METRE

11)
ALUMINUM
SHEET

THICKNESS
Example The weight of Aluminum sheet of thickness 1 mm, length
2500mm
and
breadth
1250
mm
shall
be
2500x1250X 0.0000026 X 1 = 8.12 Kgs/Sheet

12)
ALUMINIUM
OD (mm) THICK(mm) X THICK(mm) X0.0083 = WEIGHT PER METRE
PIPE
13)
We are extremely thankful to Er. Harpal Aujla for sharing this
on our site and thus helping civil engineering students.
Detailed Units Convert Units

Following table shows how can we convert various most commonly used units from
one unit system to another.
Units to convert
Value
Square foot to Square meter
1 ft = 0.092903 m
Foot per second squared to Meter per second squared
1 ft = 0. 3048 m
Cubic foot to Cubic meter
1 ft = 0.028316 m
Pound per cubic inch to Kilogram per cubic meter
1 lb/in = 27679.9 047102

kg/m
Gallon per minute = Liter per second
1 Gallon per minute =

0.0631 Liter per second
Pound per square inch = Kilopascal
1 Psi (Pound Per Square

Inch) = 6.894757 Kpa
(Kilopascal)
Pound force = Newton
1 Pound force = 4.448222

Newton
Pound per Square Foot to Pascal
1 lbf/ft2 = 47.88025 Pascal
Acre foot per day = Cubic meter per second
1 Acre foot per day= 1428

(m3/s)
Acre to square meter
1 acre = 4046.856 m
Cubic foot per second = Cubic meter per second
1 ft/s = 0.028316847 m/s
Filed under Measurement Units | 4 Comments
Measurement Units
Measurement units and standards are different in different countries but to

maintain a standard, SI units are mostly used when dealing with projects involving
different countries or even different states. Small projects can be done with the
locally used unit system but when the project is big, one standard unit system is to
be used.
Two most common system used in the United States are
United
States
Customary
System (USCS)
System International (SI)

But the SI unit system is more widely used all over the world. Following is the table
which shows how you can convert USCS measurements in SI measurements. ( Just
multiply the USCS amount with the corresponding figure given in table below
Convert USCS into SI Units

USCS unit X Factor = SI unit
Square foot X 0.0929 = Square meter
Cubic foot X 0.2831 = Cubic meter
Pound per square inch X 6.894 = Kilopascal
Pound force X 4.448 = Newton
Foot pound torque X 1.356 = Newton meter
Kip foot X 1.355 = Kilonewton meter
Gallon per minute X 0.06309 = Liter per
second
Kip per square inch X 6.89 = Megapascal
SI symbol
M2
M3
KPa
Nu
N-m
LN-m
L/s
MPa
Mix Design For Concrete Roads As Per IRC:152011

By
Kaushal Kishore, Materials Engineer, Roorkee
ABSTRACT:
The stresses induced in concrete pavements are mainly flexural. Therefore flexural
strength is more often specified than compressive strength in the design of

concrete mixes for pavement construction. A simple method of concrete mix design
based on flexural strength for normal weight concrete mixes is described in the
paper.
INTRODUCTION:
Usual criterion for the strength of concrete in the building industry is the
compressive strength, which is considered as a measure of quality concrete.
However, in pavement constructions, such as highway and airport runway, the
flexural strength of concrete is considered more important, as the stresses induced
in concrete pavements are mainly flexural. Therefore, flexural strength is more
often specified than compressive strength in the design of concrete mixes for
pavement construction. It is not perfectly reliable to predict flexural strength from
compressive strength. Further, various codes of the world specified that the paving
concrete mixes should preferably be designed in the laboratory and controlled in
the field on the basis of its flexural strength. Therefore, there is a need to design
concrete
mixes
based
on
flexural
strength.
Continue Reading
Filed under Mix Design, Research Papers | 0 Comments
Understanding Nominal and Design Mixes

By
Kaushal
Kishore
Materials Engineer, Roorkee

Cement concrete in India on large scale is being used since the last about 70 years.
In the early days the following nominal ratio by volume for concrete were specified.
Cement
: Sand
Aggregate
: 2
: 1.5
: 1
Correspond to M-15 Grade

IS : 456-2000 has recommended that minimum grade of concrete shall be not less
than M-20 in reinforced concrete work. Design mix concrete is preferred to nominal
mix. If design mix concrete cannot be used for any reason on the work for grades
of M-20 or lower, nominal mixes may be used with the permission of engineer-incharge,
which
however
is
likely
to
involve
higher
cement
content.
Continue Reading
Filed under Mix Design | 9 Comments
What is Marshall Mix Design for Bituminous

Materials?
The Marshall Mix Design method was originally developed by Bruce Marshall of the
Mississippi Highway Department in 1939. The main idea of the Marshall Mix Design
method involves the selection of the asphalt binder content with a suitable density
which satisfies minimum stability and range of flow values.
The Marshall Mix Design method consists mainly of the following steps:
(i) Determination of physical properties, size and gradation of aggregates.
(ii) Selection of types of asphalt binder.
(iii)
Prepare
initial
samples,
each
with
different
asphalt
binder
content.
For example, three samples are made each at 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 percent
asphalt by dry weight for a total of 15 samples. There should be at least two
samples above and two below the estimated optimum asphalt content.
(iv) Plot the following graphs:
(a)
(b)
Asphalt
Asphalt
(c)
(d)
(e)
binder
binder
Asphalt
Asphalt
Asphalt
binder
content
content
binder
binder
content
vs.
content
content
vs.
voids
vs.
density
Marshall
stability
vs.
flow
vs.
in
air
mineral
voids
aggregates
(f) Asphalt binder content vs voids filled with asphalt

(v) Determine the asphalt binder content which corresponds to the air void content
of 4 percent
(vi) Determine properties at this optimum asphalt binder content by reference with
the graphs. Compare each of these values against design requirements and if all
comply with design requirements, then the selected optimum asphalt binder
content is acceptable. Otherwise, the mixture should be redesigned.
This question is taken from book named A Self Learning Manual Mastering
Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.
Filed under Highway Engineering, Mix Design | 1 Comment
What is the principle of Asphalt Mix Design?

The main objective of asphalt mix design is to achieve a mix with economical
blending of aggregates with asphalt to achieve the following :
(i) workability to facilitate easy placement of bituminous materials without
experiencing
segregation;
(ii) sufficient stability so that under traffic loads the pavement will not undergo
distortion
(iii)
and
durability
by
displacement;
having
sufficient
asphalt;
(iv) sufficient air voids

In asphalt mix design, high durability is usually obtained at the expense of low
stability. Hence, a balance has to be stricken between the durability and stability
requirements.
This question is taken from book named A Self Learning Manual Mastering
Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.
Filed under Highway Engineering, Mix Design | 0 Comments
10 Things to Remember when doing Concrete Mix

Design
Good quality concrete starts with the quality of materials, cost effective designs is
actually a by-product of selecting the best quality material and good construction
practices. Following are 10 Things to remember during Concrete Mix Design and
Concrete Trials.
1. ACI and other standards only serves as a guide, initial designs must be
confirmed by laboratory trial and plant trial, adjustments on the design shall be
done during trial mixes. Initial design on paper is never the final design.
2. Always carry out trial mixes using the materials for actual use.
3. Carry out 2 or 3 design variations for every design target.
4. Consider always the factor of safety, (1.125, 1.2, 1.25, 1.3 X target strength)
5. Before proceeding to plant trials, always confirm the source of materials to be
the same as the one used in the laboratory trials.
6. Check calibration of batching plant.
7. Carry out full tests of fresh concrete at the batching plant, specially the air
content and yield which is very important in commercial batching plants.
8. Correct quality control procedures at the plant will prevent future concrete
problems.
9. Follow admixture recommendations from your supplier
10. Check and verify strength development, most critical stage is the 3 and 7 days
strength.
Important
note:
Technical knowledge is an advantage for batching plant staff, even if you have good
concrete design but uncommon or wrong procedures are practiced it will eventually
result to failures.
We at engineeringcivil.com are thankful to Tumi J. Mbaiwa for submitting these 10

points which are helpful to each and every civil engineer.
Cement And Water Saving With Water Reducers

By
Er.
Kaushal
Kishore

In India 0.93 kg of CO 2 is emitted in the production of one kg of cement. In the
financial year 2009-10 India produces 200 million tonnes of cement. In the
production of this cement 186 million tonnes of CO 2 was emitted in the atmosphere
during financial year of 2009-10.
The availability of water in India per person per year in 1950 was 5177 cu.m. In the
year 2009 it is reduces to 1700 cu.m.
If 50 million tonnes cement in making concrete uses water reducers 7500000
tonnes of cement can be saved. 3750000 kl of potable water will be saved and the
saving of Rs. 3300 crores per year to construction industry. This amount is worked
out after adjusting the cost of water reducers. Less cement used means less
cement required to be produce by the cement factories resulting 6975000 tonnes of
CO2 will be prevented to be emitted to the atmosphere. These are worked out with
an average saving of 15% cement and 15% water.
CO2 emission is word problem, but for India in addition to CO2 it has problems of
Air, Water, Soil, Food and Noise pollutions. Less densily populated countries may
cope with these problems but for India it is of the top concern. The population
figures of 2009 is, India 350 person per sq.km, China 132 person per sq.km and
USA only 34 person per sq.km. The figures of 2006 CO2 emissions are USA
658.60 tonnes per sq.km, China 611.76 tonnes per sq.km and India 459.35 tonnes
per sq.km. Every one should contribute his or her efforts to save the environment
from pollution. Those involve in the construction activities can contribute their share
by proper design of concrete Mixes. This is best illustrated by the following
examples.
Continue Reading
Concrete Mix Design M70 Grade of Concrete

(OPC 53 Grade)
Concrete mix design M70 grade of concrete provided here is for reference
purpose only. Actual site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted as per
the location and other factors.
A.
Design
Characteristic
comprehensive
Maximum
size
Degree
Strength
of
28
days
70
N/mm 2
20
quality
of
workability
of
Type
aggregate
of
Degree
Stipulation:
mm
Collapsible
control
exposure
Good
Severe
concrete
ingredients
Minimum cement content as per is 456-2000

B.
Test
data
Specific
gravity
Specific
of
gravity
Specific
Setting
for
of
gravity
time
of
cement
fly
of
cement
ash
microsilica
initial
165
3.15
2.24
min,
final
2.21
=
270min
Cement
compressive
strength
39.0
N/mm2 @
days
51.0
N/mm @
days
64.2
N/mm2 @
28
days
Specific
gravity
of
coarse
aggregates
(ca)
and
fine
aggregates
(fa)
20
mm
2.729
10
mm
2.747
R/sand
2.751
C/sand 2.697
Water
absorption
20 mm 1.540, 10mm 1.780, R/sand 3.780, C/sand 4.490

Characteristic
strength
28
days
70
N/mm 2
Target mean strength : Depend upon degree of quality control good and
considering (std. Dev.As 5 N/mm2)
Characteristic strength given by the relation 70 +(1.65 *5 ) = 78.25 N/mm 2
C.
Quantities
Actual
Actual
Actual
W/C
of
ingredients
cement
fly
(By
used
ash
microsilica
Volume
486
used
used
fixed
Absolute
=
=
90
24
Method
kg/cum
kg/cum
kg/cum
0.26
Absolute
volume
Absolute
volume
Absolute
vol
Absolute
of
cement
of
air
of
vol
water.
of
fly
0.154
0.02
ash.
0.156
=
0.040
Absolute vol of microsilica = 0.011

Total volume of CA and FA used = 1.00-(0.155+0.044+0.022+0.02 +0.154)
= 0.619 Cum
D.
Aggregate
percent
used.
20 Mm = 24, 10 mm = 36, r/sand = 20, c/sand = 20

(2.729*0.24)
(2.747*0.36)
+(2.751*
0.20
)+(2.697*0.20)
*0.619*1000
405+612+340+334=1691
Aggt: cement = 2.82 : 1
Mix proportion = 0.26:1:0.57:0.56:1.02:0.67
E.
Abstract:
20
mm
405
kg/cum
10
mm
612
kg/cum
r/sand
340
c/sand
kg
/cum
334
kg/cum
water = 154 kg/cum

Admixture 0.50 % BY WT OF (C+F+MS) ASTP-1 OF BASF
Cube
Compressive
Strength
(N/mm2)
days
49.13
Days
59.57
28 Days = 81.49
Note: Mix design is same for Crane bucket and Pump concrete only admixture
dosage
will
fine
tuned
by
0.05
to
0.10%
We are thankful to Deshmukh D S for submitting this very useful mix design
information to us.
Concrete Mix Design M60 Grade Of Concrete

(OPC 53 Grade)
Concrete mix design M60 grade of concrete provided here is for reference
purpose only. Actual site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted as per
A.
Design
Charastaristic
comprehensive
Maximum
size
Degree
Strength
of
28
days
60
N/mm 2
20
quality
of
workability
of
Type
aggregate
of
Degree
Stipulation:
mm
Collapsible
control
exposure
Good
Severe
concrete
ingredients
Minimum cement content as per is 456-2000

B.
Test
data
Specific
gravity
Specific
of
gravity
Specific
Setting
for
of
gravity
time
of
fly
of
cement
Cement
cement
ash
microsilica
initial
120
min,
compressive
3.15
2.24
=
final
2.21
185
min
strength
45.21
N/mm2 @
days
54.82
N/mm @
days
69.32
N/mm2 @
28
days
Specific
gravity
of
coarse
aggregates
(ca)
and
fine
aggregates
(fa)
20
mm
2.729
10
mm
2.747
R/sand
2.751
C/sand 2.697
Water
absorption
20 mm 1.540, 10mm 1.780, R/sand 3.780, C/sand 4.490

Characterstic
strength
28
days
60
N/mm 2
Target mean strength : Depend upon degree of quality control good and
considering (std. Dev.As 5 N/mm2)
Characteristic strength given by the relation 60 +(1.65 *5 ) = 68.25 N/mm 2
C.
Quantities
Actual
Actual
Actual
of
ingredients
cement
fly
by
used
ash
absolute
=
used
=
=
fixed
volume
Absolute
vol
of
80
40
cement
of
of
air
water.
Method
kg/cum
kg/cum
kg/cum
volume
Absolute
volume
450
used
microsilica
W/C
Absolute
0.24
=
0.143
0.02
0.137
Absolute
vol
of
fly
ash.
0.036
Absolute vol of microsilica = 0.018

Total volume of CA and FA used = 1.00-(0.143+0.036+0.018+0.02 +0.137)
= 0.619 Cum
D.
Aggregate
percent
used.
20 Mm = 31, 10 mm = 25, r/sand = 34, c/sand = 10

(2.729*0.31)
(2.747*0.25)
+(2.751*
0.34
)+(2.697*0.10)
*0.619*1000
546+444+604+174=1768
Aggt: cement = 3.10 : 1
Mix proportion = 0.24:1:1.06:0.30:0.78:0.96
E.
Abstract:
20
mm
546
kg/cum
10
mm
444
kg/cum
r/sand
604
c/sand
kg
/cum
174
kg/cum
water 137 kg/cum

Admixture 1.80 % By wt of (C+F+MS) chemsonite SP 450XL-B
Cube
Compressive
Strength
(N/mm2)
days
40.98
Days
57.71
28 Days = 70.96
Note: Mix design is same for crane bucket and pump concrete only admixture
dosage
will
fine
tuned
by
0.10%.
We are thankful to Deshmukh D S for submitting this very useful mix design
information to us.
Mix Design For Concrete Roads As Per IRC-152002

By
Er.
Kaushal
Kishore

Check out the Mix Design For Concrete Roads As Per IRC:15-2011
ABSTRACT:
The stresses induced in concrete pavements are mainly flexural. Therefore flexural
strength is more often specified than compressive strength in the design of
concrete mixes for pavement construction. A simple method of concrete mix design
based on flexural strength for normal weight concrete mixes is described in the
paper.
INTRODUCTION:
Usual criterion for the strength of concrete in the building industry is the
compressive strength, which is considered as a measure of quality concrete.
however, in pavement constructions, such as highway and airport runway, the
flexural strength of concrete is considered more important, as the stresses induced
in concrete pavements are mainly flexural. Therefore, flexural strength is more
often specified than compressive strength in the design of concrete mixes for
pavement construction. It is not perfectly reliable to predict flexural strength from
compressive strength. Further, various codes of the world specified that the paving
concrete mixes should preferably be designed in the laboratory and controlled in
the field on the basis of its flexural strength. Therefore, there is a need to design
concrete mixes based on flexural strength.
The type of aggregate can have a predominant effect, crushed rock aggregate
resulting in concrete with higher flexural strength than uncrushed (gravel)
aggregates for comparable mixes, assuming that sound materials are used. The
strength of cement influences the compressive and flexural strength of concrete i.e.
with the same water-cement ratio, higher strength cement will produce concrete of
higher compressive and flexural strength.
MIX
DESIGN
DETAILS
IRC: 15-2002 specified that for concrete roads OPC should be used. This code also
allowed PPC as per IS: 1489 may also be used. Accordingly OPC + fly ash may be
used in concrete roads. However, IS: 456-2000 specified that fly ash conforming to
grade-1 of IS-3812 may be used as part replacement of OPC provided uniform
blended with cement is essential. The construction sites where batching plants are
used this may be practicable. In ordinary sites where mixer or hand mixing are
done uniform blending of fly ash with cement is not practicable. At such
construction sites, PPC may be used.
1
2
Characteristic Flexural
Strength at 28 days
Cement
4.5N/mm2
Three mixes are to be designed
MIX-A
With PPC (Flyash based) conforming to
Fly ash replacement
Maximum nominal size of

aggregates
Fine aggregate
Minimum cement content
Maximum free W/C Ratio
Workability
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
IS:1489-part-I-1991. 7 days strength

37.5N/mm2. Specific Gravity: 3.00
MIX-B
With OPC-43- Grade conforming to IS:
8112-1989. 7 days strength 40.5N/mm2.
Specific Gravity : 3.15
MIX-C
With OPC of Mix-B and Fly ash
conforming to IS:3812 (Part-I)-2003
Specific Gravity : 2.20
Note Requirements of all the three mixes
are the same. Fine Aggregate, Coarse
Aggregate and Retarder Super plasticizer
are the same for all the three mixes.
25% Fly ash is required to be replaced
with the total cementitious materials.
20 mm Crushed aggregate
River sand of Zone-II as per IS:383-1970

350 kg/m3 including Fly ash
0.50
30 mm slump at pour the concrete will
be transported from central batching
plant through transit mixer, at a distance
of 20 Km during June, July months. The
average temperature last year during
these months was 400C.
Exposure condition
Moderate
Method of placing
Fully mechanized construction
Degree of supervision
Good
Maximum of cement content 425 kg/m3
(Fly ash not included)
Chemical admixture
Retarder Super plasticizer conforming to
IS:9103-1999. With the given
requirements and materials, the
manufacturer of Retarder Super
plasticizer recommends dosages of 10
gm per kg of OPC, which will reduce
15% of water without loss of
workability. For fly ash included cement
dosages will be required to be adjusted
by experience/ trials.
Values of Jaxo1.65 x 0.5 N/mm2
Continue Reading
How To Make Concrete At Site? M 25 Example

By
Er.
Kaushal
Kishore

PORTLAND
CEMENT:
Joseph Aspdin, a mason at Leeds prepared a cement in 1824 by heating a mixture

of finely-divided clay and hard limestone in a furnace until CO2 had been driven off;
this temperature was much lower than that necessary for clinkering. The prototype
of modern cement was made in 1845 by Isaac Johnson, who burnt a mixture of clay
and chalk until clinkering, so that the reaction necessary for the formation of
strongly cementitious compound took place. The name Portland Cement was given
due to the resemblance of the colour and quality of the hardened cement to
Portland stone- a limestone quarried in Doset.
The process of manufacturing of cement consists essentially of grinding the raw
materials ( calcareous materials such as limestone or chalk and argillaceous
materials such as shale or clay), mixing them intimately in certain proportion and
burning in a large rotary kiln at a temperature of upto about 14500C when the
material sinters and partially fuses into balls known as clinker. The clinker is cooled
and ground to a fine powder, with some gypsum added, and the resulting product is
the commercial Portland Cement so widely used throughout the world.
MAKING
CONCRETE:
Just mix cement, aggregates and water, cast this mix in a mould, open the mould
next day. A uniform hard mass will be found, which is known as concrete, any body
can make it. The simplecity in making concrete make this material to be look like
very simple in its production, yet it as not so simple. Due to ignorance about
concrete no other building materials ever mis-used as concrete in the construction.
In India concrete is being used in the construction since the last 70 years. Yet 80%
of the builders have no proper understanding of this materials. Go to any
construction site (except big construction sites) you will find that sand and
aggregates are being taken in iron tasla or cane baskets to charge the mixer
without the consideration of site aggregates actual grindings, moisture content and
bulking of sand. The water is poured in the mixer without any measured quantity. It
could be well imagine what sort of concrete structure will be made with the
concrete being produced in this crude method.
Most of the contractors, builders, masons etc. still follow 1:2:4 or 1:1.5:3 mixes
they are not aware of Design Mixes and Concrete Admixtures. This paper described
how Design Mixes can be converted into volume with 1 Bag Cement, 2 Boxes of
sand and 4 Boxes of Aggregate. The site practical problem is the dispersion of water
and liquid admixtures into the mixer. For this the site should fabricate a plastic
circular graduated measuring container of 30 lit capacity with a tap fitted at its
bottom. This container is to be fitted on top of the mixer. From this container water
and liquid admixtures can conveniently poured direct into the mixer in a measured
quantity.
CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

As per IS 10262-2009 & MORT&H
A-1
Stipulations for Proportioning
1
Grade Designation
M35
Type of Cement
OPC 53 grade confirming to IS12269-1987
Maximum Nominal Aggregate Size
20 mm
Minimum Cement Content (MORT&H

1700-3 A)
310 kg/m3
Maximum Water Cement Ratio

(MORT&H 1700-3 A)
0.45
Workability (MORT&H 1700-4)
50-75 mm (Slump)
Exposure Condition
Normal
Degree of Supervision
Good
Type of Aggregate
Crushed Angular Aggregate
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H Cl.

1703.2)
540 kg/m3
11
Chemical Admixture Type
A-2
Superplasticiser Confirming to IS9103
Test Data for Materials
1
Cement Used
Coromandal King OPC 53 grade
Sp. Gravity of Cement
3.15
Sp. Gravity of Water
1.00
Chemical Admixture
BASF Chemicals Company
Sp. Gravity of 20 mm Aggregate
2.884
2.878
Sp. Gravity of Sand
2.605
Water Absorption of 20 mm Aggregate
0.97%
0.83%
Water Absorption of Sand
1.23%
Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm

Aggregate
nil
Free (Surface) Moisture of 10 mm

Aggregate
nil
Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand
nil
Sieve Analysis of Individual Coarse

Aggregates
Separate Analysis Done
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
Sieve Analysis of Combined Coarse

Aggregates
Sp.Gravity of Combined Coarse

Aggregates
2.882
Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates
16
A-3
Target Strength for Mix Proportioning
1
Target Mean Strength (MORT&H 1700-5) 47N/mm2
2
Characteristic Strength @ 28 days
35N/mm2
A-4
Selection of Water Cement Ratio

(MORT&H 1700-3 A)
0.45
Adopted Water Cement Ratio
0.4
2
A-5
Selection of Water Content
1
Maximum Water content (10262-table-2) 186 Lit.
2
Estimated Water content for 50-75 mm

Slump
160 Lit.
Superplasticiser used
0.5 % by wt. of cement
3
A-6
Calculation of Cement Content
1
Water Cement Ratio
0.4
Cement Content (160/0.42)
400 kg/m3
Which is greater then 310 kg/m3
A-7
Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate & Fine Aggregate Content
1
Vol. of C.A. as per table 3 of IS 10262
62.00%
2
Adopted Vol. of Coarse Aggregate
62.00%
Adopted Vol. of Fine Aggregate ( 1-0.62) 38.00%
A-8
Mix Calculations
1
Volume of Concrete in m3
1.00
Volume of Cement in m3
(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of
Cement)x1000
0.13
Volume of Water in m3
(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of
Water)x1000
0.160
Volume of Admixture @ 0.5% in m3

(Mass of Admixture)/(Sp. Gravity of
Admixture)x1000
0.00168
Volume of All in Aggregate in m3

Sr. no. 1 (Sr. no. 2+3+4)
0.711
Volume of Coarse Aggregate in m3

Sr. no. 5 x 0.62
0.441
Volume of Fine Aggregate in m3

Sr. no. 5 x 0.38
0.270
A-9
Mix Proportions for One Cum of Concrete (SSD Condition)
1
Mass of Cement in kg/m3
400
Mass of Water in kg/m3
160
Mass of Fine Aggregate in kg/m3
704
2
3
4
Mass of Coarse Aggregate in kg/m3
Mass of 20 mm in kg/m3
1271
915
356
Mass of Admixture in kg/m3
2.00
Water Cement Ratio
0.40
5
6
We are thankful to Er. Raj M. Khan for sharing this information with us on
engineeringcivil.com. We hope this would be of great significance to civil engineers.
M-30 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009

Dear All
Again
am
back
with
M-30
Mix
Designs
as
per
IS-10262-2009
Regards
Raj Mohammad Khan
M-30 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

A-1 Stipulations for Proportioning
1
Grade Designation
M30
Type of Cement
20 mm

1700-3 A)
310 kg/m3
2
3
4
5
Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H

1700-3 A)
0.45
6
50-75 mm (Slump)
7
Exposure Condition
Normal
Good
Type of Aggregate
8
9
10 Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H Cl.
1703.2)
11
540 kg/m3
A-2 Test Data for Materials

1
Cement Used
3.15
1.00
Chemical Admixture
2.884
2.878
Sp. Gravity of Sand
2.605
0.97%
0.83%
1.23%
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm Aggregate nil
12
13
nil
14 Sieve Analysis of Individual Coarse

Aggregates
15 Sieve Analysis of Combined Coarse

Aggregates
15
Sp. Gravity of Combined Coarse Aggregates 2.882
16
A-3 Target Strength for Mix Proportioning

1
Target Mean Strength (MORT&H 1700-5)
42N/mm2
30N/mm2
2
A-4 Selection of Water Cement Ratio
1

1700-3 A)
0.45
2
0.42
A-5 Selection of Water Content

1
2
Maximum Water content (10262-table-2)
186 Lit.

Slump
160 Lit.
3
A-6 Calculation of Cement Content
1
Water Cement Ratio
0.42
2
380 kg/m3
A-7 Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate & Fine Aggregate Content

1
62.00%

Adopted Vol. of Fine Aggregate ( 1-0.62)
62.00%
38.00%
A-8 Mix Calculations

1
1.00
Cement)x1000
0.12
Water)x1000
0.160

Admixture)x1000
0.00160

Sr. no. 1 (Sr. no. 2+3+4)
0.718

Sr. no. 5 x 0.62
0.445

Sr. no. 5 x 0.38
0.273
A-9 Mix Proportions for One Cum of Concrete (SSD Condition)
1
380
160
711

1283
924
359
1.90
Water Cement Ratio
0.42
2
3
4
5
6

Dear All
Again I am back with M-25 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009.
Regards
Raj Mohammad Khan

1
Grade Designation
M25
Type of Cement
20 mm
2
3
4
5

1700-3 A)
310 kg/m3

1700-3 A)
0.45
6
50-75 mm (Slump)
Exposure Condition
Normal
Good
Type of Aggregate
7
8
9
1703.2)
540 kg/m3
11

1
Cement Used
3.15
1.00
Chemical Admixture
2.884
2.878
Sp. Gravity of Sand
2.605
0.97%
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0.83%
1.23%
10
11
12
13
nil

Aggregates

Aggregates
15
16

1
36N/mm2
25N/mm2
2
1

1700-3 A)
0.45
2
0.43

1
186 Lit.

Slump
138 Lit.
3
1
Water Cement Ratio
0.43
320 kg/m3

1
62.00%

62.00%
38.00%

1
1.00
Cement)x1000
0.10
Water)x1000
0.138

Admixture)x1000
0.00134

Sr. no. 1 (Sr. no. 2+3+4)
0.759
6
Sr. no. 5 x 0.62
0.471

Sr. no. 5 x 0.38
0.288

1
320
138
751

1356
977
380
1.60
Water Cement Ratio
0.43
2
3
4
5
6

Dear
Again
All
I
am
back
with
M-20
Mix
Regards
Raj Mohammad Khan

1 Grade Designation
M20
Designs
as
per
IS-10262-2009
2
Type of Cement
20 mm

1700-3 A)
250 kg/m3
3
4
5

1700-3 A)
0.5
6
25 mm (Slump)
Exposure Condition
Normal
Good
Type of Aggregate
7
8
9
1703.2)
540 kg/m3
11

1
Cement Used
3.15
1.00
Chemical Admixture
Not Used
2.884
2
3
4
5
6
2.878
Sp. Gravity of Sand
2.605
0.97%
0.83%
1.23%
7
8
9
10
11 Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm
Aggregate
nil

Aggregate
nil
13
nil

Aggregates

Aggregates
15
16

1
30N/mm2
20N/mm2
2
1

1700-3 A)
0.5
2
0.5

1
186 Lit.
2
Estimated Water content for 25 mm Slump 145 Lit.
3
nil

1
Water Cement Ratio
0.5
290 kg/m3

1
62.00%

65.00%
35.00%

1
1.00
Cement)x1000
0.09
Water)x1000
Volume of Admixture @ 0% in m3
0.145
nil

Admixture)x1000
5
Sr. no. 1 (Sr. no. 2+3+4)
0.763

Sr. no. 5 x 0.65
0.496

Sr. no. 5 x 0.35
0.267

1
290
145
696

1429
1029
400
nil
Water Cement Ratio
0.5
2
3
4
5
6
M 15 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009

Dear
All,
Here i am giving the mix designs as per IS-10262-2009 which gives to change the
procedure
for
calculating
the
concrete
Regards
Raj Mohammad Khan

A1 Stipulations for Proportioning
1
Grade Designation
M15
Type of Cement
20 mm
2
3
4

1700-3 A)
250 kg/m3

(MORT&H 1700-3 A)
0.5
25 mm (Slump)
Exposure Condition
Normal
Good
Type of Aggregate
6
7
8
9
10 Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H
Cl. 1703.2)
540 kg/m3
11
Superplasticiser Confirming to
IS-9103
A2 Test Data for Materials

1
Cement Used
ingredients
2
3.15
1.00
Chemical Admixture
Not Used
2.884
2.878
Sp. Gravity of Sand
2.605
3
4
5
6
7
8
Water Absorption of 20 mm Aggregate 0.97%
9
Water Absorption of 10 mm Aggregate 0.83%
10
1.23%

Aggregate
nil

Aggregate
nil
13
nil

Aggregates

Aggregates
15 Sp.Gravity of Combined Coarse

Aggregates
2.882
16
A- Target Strength for Mix Proportioning
3
1
Target Mean Strength (MORT&H

1700-5)
25N/mm2
15N/mm2
2
A4 Selection of Water Cement Ratio
1

(MORT&H 1700-3 A)
0.5
0.5
2
A5 Selection of Water Content
1
Maximum Water content (10262-table2)

186 Lit.
Estimated Water content for 25 mm

Slump
135 Lit.
nil
3
A6 Calculation of Cement Content
1
Water Cement Ratio
0.5
270 kg/m3
A- Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate & Fine Aggregate

7 Content
1
Vol. of C.A. as per table 3 of IS 10262 62.00%
2
Adopted Vol. of Fine Aggregate ( 1-
65.00%
35.00%
0.65)
A8 Mix Calculations
1
1.00
Cement)x1000
0.09
Water)x1000
0.135
Volume of Admixture @ 0% in m3
Admixture)x1000
nil

Sr. no. 1 (Sr. no. 2+3+4)
0.779

Sr. no. 5 x 0.65
0.507

Sr. no. 5 x 0.35
0.273
A9 Mix Proportions for One Cum of Concrete (SSD Condition)

1
270
135
711
2
3
4
1460
1051
409
nil
Water Cement Ratio
0.5
5
6
Mix Design With Superplasticizers

By
Er.
Kaushal
Kishore

INTRODUCTION
Superplasticizers belongs to a class of water reducer chemically different from the
normal water reducers and capable of reducing water content by about 30%. The
Superplasticizers are broadly classified into four groups: sulfonated melamine
formaldehyde
condensate
(SMF),
sulphonated
naphthalene
formaldehyde
condensate (SNF), modified lignosulphonate (MLS) and others including sulphonic

acid ester, polyacrylates, polystryrene sulphonates, etc. The benefits obtained by
Superplasticizers in the reduction of water in the concrete mixes are best illustrated
by
the
following
examples.
Continue Reading
Concrete Mix Design Calculations

The concrete mix design available on this site are for reference purpose only. Actual
site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted as per the location and other
factors. These are just to show you how to calculate and we are thankful to all the
members who have emailed us these mix designs so that these could be shared
with civil engineers worldwide.
If you also have any mix design and want to share it with us, just comment on this
post and we will be in touch with you.
Here is the summary of links of all the mix designs we have till date:Mix Design For M20 Grade Of Concrete
Mix Design For M35 Grade Of Concrete
In case you want the complete theory of Mix Design, Go here What is Concrete
Mix Design
We will add more soon. You can help us do this fast, just email us any mix design
you have.
Mix Design M-50 Grade

The mix design M-50 grade (Using Admixture Sikament) provided here is for
reference purpose only. Actual site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted
as per the location and other factors.
Parameters for mix design M50
Grade
Designation
Type
Brand
Admixture
of
cement
of
cement
=
Sika
=
=
O.P.C-43
Vikram
[Sikament
M-50
(
170
grade
Grasim
)
)
Fine Aggregate = Zone-II

Sp.
Gravity
Cement
Fine
Aggregate
Coarse
Aggregate
3.15
=
(20mm)
2.61
=
2.65
Coarse Aggregate (10mm) = 2.66

Minimum
Cement
(As
per
contract)
=400
Maximum water cement ratio (As per contract) = 0.45

Mix Calculation: 1. Target Mean Strength = 50 + ( 5 X 1.65 ) = 58.25 Mpa
kg
m3
2. Selection
of
water
cement
ratio:-
Assume water cement ratio = 0.35

3. Calculation
of
water:
Approximate water content for 20mm max. Size of aggregate = 180 kg /m 3 (As per
Table No. 5 , IS : 10262 ). As plasticizer is proposed we can reduce water content
by 20%.
Now water content = 180 X 0.8 = 144 kg /m3
4. Calculation
of
Water
cement
cement
Water
content
Cement
ratio
per
content
content:-
cum
of
concrete
144/0.35
0.35
=
411.4
kg
144
kg
m3
Say cement content = 412 kg / m 3 (As per contract Minimum cement content 400
kg
m3 )
Hence O.K.
5. Calculation for C.A. & F.A.: [ Formula's can be seen in earlier posts]Volume
of
concrete
Volume
of
cement
Volume
of
water
Volume
of
=
=
Admixture
412
144
4.994
=
3.15
1
X
X
(1.145
1000
1000
1000
)
)
=
=
m3
0.1308
m3
0.1440
m3
0.0043
m3
Total weight of other materials except coarse aggregate = 0.1308 + 0.1440

+0.0043 = 0.2791 m3
Volume
of
coarse
and
fine
aggregate
0.2791
0.7209
m3
Volume of F.A. = 0.7209 X 0.33 = 0.2379 m 3 (Assuming 33% by volume of total

aggregate )
Volume of C.A. = 0.7209 0.2379 = 0.4830 m 3
Therefore weight of F.A. = 0.2379 X 2.61 X 1000 = 620.919 kg/ m 3
Say weight of F.A. = 621 kg/ m3
Therefore weight of C.A. = 0.4830 X 2.655 X 1000 = 1282.365 kg/ m 3
Say weight of C.A. = 1284 kg/ m3
Considering
20
mm:
10mm
0.55:
0.45
20mm
706
kg
10mm
578
kg
Hence
Mix
per
m3
details
Increasing cement, water, admixture by 2.5% for this trial
Cement
Water
412
144
Fine
1.025
1.025
aggregate
422
kg
147.6
kg
621
kg
Coarse
aggregate
20
mm
706
kg
Coarse
aggregate
10
mm
578
kg
Admixture = 1.2 % by weight of cement = 5.064 kg.

Water:
cement:
F.A.:
C.A.
0.35:
1:
1.472:
3.043
Observation:
A.
Mix
was
B.
Slump
C.
7
cohesive
No.
days
and
of
cube
average
120
casted
compressive
homogeneous.
mm
strength
Nos.
52.07
MPa.
28 days average compressive strength = 62.52 MPa which is greater than

58.25MPa
Hence the mix accepted.
We are thankful to Er Gurjeet Singh for this valuable information.
Mix Design M-40 Grade

The mix design M-40 grade for Pier (Using Admixture Fosroc) provided here is for
Parameters for mix design M40
Grade
Designation
Type
Brand
Admixture
of
cement
of
cement
=
Fine
Sp.
=
=
Fosroc
Aggregate
Gravity
Fine
O.P.C-43
Vikram
Conplast
M-40
(
SP
grade
Grasim
430
G8M
Zone-II
Cement
Aggregate
)
3.15
2.61
Coarse
Aggregate
(20mm)
2.65
Coarse
Aggregate
(10mm)
2.66
Minimum
Cement
(As
per
contract)
Maximum water cement ratio (As per contract) = 0.45
400
kg
m3
Mix Calculation: 1. Target Mean Strength = 40 + (5 X 1.65) = 48.25 Mpa

2. Selection
of
water
cement
ratio:-
Assume water cement ratio = 0.4

3. Calculation
Assume
of
cement
cement
content
content:
400
kg
m3
(As per contract Minimum cement content 400 kg / m 3)

4. Calculation
of
water:
400 X 0.4 = 160 kg Which is less than 186 kg (As per Table No. 4, IS: 10262)
Hence o.k.
5. Calculation for C.A. & F.A.: As per IS : 10262 , Cl. No. 3.5.1
V = [ W + (C/Sc) + (1/p) . (fa/Sfa) ] x (1/1000)
V = [ W + (C/Sc) + {1/(1-p)} . (ca/Sca) ] x (1/1000)
Where
V = absolute volume of fresh concrete, which is equal to gross volume (m 3) minus
the volume of entrapped air ,
W = mass of water ( kg ) per m3 of concrete ,
C = mass of cement ( kg ) per m3 of concrete ,
Sc = specific gravity of cement,
(p) = Ratio of fine aggregate to total aggregate by absolute volume ,
(fa) , (ca) = total mass of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate (kg) per m 3 of
Concrete respectively, and
Sfa , Sca = specific gravities of saturated surface dry fine aggregate and Coarse
aggregate respectively.
As per Table No. 3 , IS-10262, for 20mm maximum size entrapped air is 2% .
Assume F.A. by % of volume of total aggregate = 36.5 %
0.98 = [ 160 + ( 400 / 3.15 ) + ( 1 / 0.365 ) ( Fa / 2.61 )] ( 1 /1000 )
=> Fa = 660.2 kg
Say Fa = 660 kg.

0.98 = [ 160 + ( 400 / 3.15 ) + ( 1 / 0.635 ) ( Ca / 2.655 )] ( 1 /1000 )
=> Ca = 1168.37 kg.
Say Ca = 1168 kg.
Considering 20 mm : 10mm = 0.6 : 0.4
20mm
701
kg
10mm = 467 kg .
Hence Mix details per m3
Cement
Water
400
Fine
kg
160
aggregate
kg
660
kg
Coarse
aggregate
20
mm
701
kg
Coarse
aggregate
10
mm
467
kg
Admixture
0.6
by
weight
of
cement
2.4
kg.
Recron 3S = 900 gm
Water: cement: F.A.: C.A. = 0.4: 1: 1.65: 2.92
Observation:
A.
Mix
was
B.
and
Slump
C.
7
cohesive
No.
days
of
average
homogeneous.
=
cube
casted
compressive
strength
110mm
=
12
=
51.26
Nos.
MPa.
28 days average compressive strength = 62.96 MPa which is greater than

48.25MPa
Hence the mix is accepted.
We are thankful to Er Gurjeet Singh for this valuable information.
Concrete Mix Design M 20 Grade Of Concrete

1.
a) Specified minimum strength = 20 N/Sq mm
REQUIREMENTS
b)
Durability
i)
requirements
Exposure
Moderate
ii) Minimum Cement Content = 300 Kgs/cum

c)
Cement
(Refer
Table
No.
i)
of
Make
IS:456-2000)
Chetak
ii)
(Birla)
Type
OPC
iii) Grade 43
d)
Workability
i) compacting factor = 0.7

e) Degree of quality control Good
Concrete Mix Design M-60

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN (GRADE M60)
(a)
DESIGN
Target
STIPULATION:-
strength
Max
size
of
Specific
aggregate
gravity
Specific
gravity
Specific
Dry
Rodded
Dry
Rodded
of
Bulk
Density
60Mpa
=
12.5
cement
mm
3.15
fine
aggregate
(F.A)
2.6
Coarse
aggregate
(C.A)
2.64
1726
Kg/m 3
1638
Kg/m 3
Density
Bulk
used
of
of
gravity
of
of
fine
aggregate
coarse
aggregate
Continue Reading

The mix design for M35 Grade Of Concrete for pile foundations provided here is for
Grade
of
Characteristic
Standard
Target
Mean
(from
= 38.15 Mpa
I.S
Concrete
Strength
(Fck)
Deviation
Strength
456-2000)
:
:
M35
35
Mpa
1.91
T.M.S.=
=
Fck
+1.65
35+
Mpa*
x
S.D.
1.651.91

The mix design for M35 Grade Of Concrete for pile foundations provided here is for
reference purpose only. Actual site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted as per
Grade of Concrete : M35
Characteristic Strength (Fck) : 35 Mpa
Standard Deviation : 1.91 Mpa*
Target Mean Strength : T.M.S.= Fck +1.65 x S.D.
(from I.S 456-2000) = 35+ 1.651.91
= 38.15 Mpa
Test Data For Material:
Aggregate Type : Crushed
Specific Gravity
Cement : 3.15
Coarse Aggregate : 2.67
Fine Aggregate : 2.62
Water Absorption:
Coarse Aggregate : 0.5%
Fine Aggregate : 1.0 %
MIX DESIGN
Take Sand content as percentage of total aggregates = 36%
Select Water Cement Ratio = 0.43 for concrete grade M35
(From Fig 2. of I.S. 10262- 1982)
Select Water Content = 172 Kg
(From IS: 10262 for 20 mm nominal size of aggregates Maximum Water Content = 186 Kg/
M3 )
Hence, Cement Content= 172 / 0.43 = 400 Kg / M 3
Formula for Mix Proportion of Fine and Coarse Aggregate:

1000(1-a0) = {(Cement Content / Sp. Gr. Of Cement) + Water Content +(F a / Sp. Gr.* Pf )}
1000(1-a0) = {(Cement Content / Sp. Gr. Of Cement) + Water Content +C a / Sp. Gr.* Pc )}
Where Ca = Coarse Aggregate Content
Fa = Fine Aggregate Content
Pf = Sand Content as percentage of total Aggregates
= 0.36
Pc = Coarse Aggregate Content as percentage of total Aggregates.
= 0.64
a0 = Percentage air content in concrete (As per IS :10262 for 20 mm nominal size of
aggregates air content is 2 %) = 0.02
Hence, 1000(1-0.02) = {(400 /3.15) + 172 +(Fa / 2.62 x 0.36)}
Fa = 642 Kg/ Cum
As the sand is of Zone II no adjustment is required for sand.
Sand Content = 642 Kg/ Cum
1000(1-0.02) = {(400 /3.15) + 172 +(Ca / 2.67 x 0.64)}
Hence, Ca = 1165 Kg/ Cum
From combined gradation of Coarse aggregates it has been found out that the proportion of
53:47 of 20 mm & 10 mm aggregates produces the best gradation as per IS: 383.
Hence, 20 mm Aggregates = 619 Kg
And 10 mm Aggregates = 546 Kg
To obtain slump in the range of 150-190 mm water reducing admixture brand SP430 from
Fosroc with a dose of 0.3 % by weight of Cement shall be used.
Hence the Mix Proportion becomes:

Units Kg/ M3
Ce
m
400
W/
C
0.43
Wate
r
172
San
d
635
20m
m
619
10m
m
564
Admi
Cement : Sand: Coarse Aggregates
x
= 1 : 1.6 : 2.907
1.2
We are thankful to Er. Ishan Kaushal

for this valuable information.
Source:
0.43
1.6
1.547
1.36
0.003
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/theory/concrete-engineering/mix-design

Civil Enginnering Facts

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Civil Enginnering Facts

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Standard conversion factors

INCH = 25.4 MILLIMETRE

WEIGHT (KGS ) = 3.14 X 0.00000785 X ((diameter / 2)X( diameter / 2)) X

3.14 X 0.00000785 X ((20/2) X ( 20/2)) X 1000 mm = 2.46 kgs / metre

OD ( mm) W.Tthick(mm) X W.Thick (mm) X 0.0248 = Weight Per Metre

DIA(mm) X DIA (mm) X THICK(mm) 0.0000063 = Kg Per Piece

Length (Mtr) X Width (Mtr) X Thick(mm) X 8 = Weight Per Piece

Dia (mm) X Dia (mm) X 0.002072 = Wt. Per foot.

WEIGHT (KGS) = LENGTH (MM) X BREADTH (MM) X 0. 0000085 X

1220 X355X 0.0000085 X 1 = 3.68 Kgs/Sheet

WEIGHT (KGS) = LENGTH (MM) X BREADTH (MM) X 0. 0000087 X

1220X355 X 0.0000087 X 1 = 3.76 Kgs/Sheet

OD (mm) THICK (mm) X THICK(mm) X 0.0260 = WEIGHT PER METRE

WEIGHT (KGS) = LENGTH (MM) X BREADTH (MM) X 0. 00000026 X

2500x1250X 0.0000026 X 1 = 8.12 Kgs/Sheet

OD (mm) THICK(mm) X THICK(mm) X0.0083 = WEIGHT PER METRE

We are extremely thankful to Er. Harpal Aujla for sharing this

on our site and thus helping civil engineering students.

Detailed Units Convert Units

Square foot to Square meter

Foot per second squared to Meter per second squared

Cubic foot to Cubic meter

Pound per cubic inch to Kilogram per cubic meter

1 lb/in = 27679.9 047102

Gallon per minute = Liter per second

1 Gallon per minute =

Pound per square inch = Kilopascal

1 Psi (Pound Per Square

Pound force = Newton

1 Pound force = 4.448222

Pound per Square Foot to Pascal

1 lbf/ft2 = 47.88025 Pascal

Acre foot per day = Cubic meter per second

1 Acre foot per day= 1428

Acre to square meter

Cubic foot per second = Cubic meter per second

1 ft/s = 0.028316847 m/s

Filed under Measurement Units | 4 Comments

Measurement units and standards are different in different countries but to

System International (SI)

Convert USCS into SI Units

Mix Design For Concrete Roads As Per IRC:152011

strength is more often specified than compressive strength in the design of

Understanding Nominal and Design Mixes

Materials Engineer, Roorkee

Correspond to M-15 Grade

What is Marshall Mix Design for Bituminous

(f) Asphalt binder content vs voids filled with asphalt

What is the principle of Asphalt Mix Design?

(iv) sufficient air voids

10 Things to Remember when doing Concrete Mix

We at engineeringcivil.com are thankful to Tumi J. Mbaiwa for submitting these 10

Cement And Water Saving With Water Reducers

Materials Engineer, Roorkee

Concrete Mix Design M70 Grade of Concrete

Minimum cement content as per is 456-2000

20 mm 1.540, 10mm 1.780, R/sand 3.780, C/sand 4.490

Absolute vol of microsilica = 0.011

20 Mm = 24, 10 mm = 36, r/sand = 20, c/sand = 20

water = 154 kg/cum

Concrete Mix Design M60 Grade Of Concrete

Minimum cement content as per is 456-2000

20 mm 1.540, 10mm 1.780, R/sand 3.780, C/sand 4.490

Absolute vol of microsilica = 0.018