Projects of different sizes have different needs for how the people are organized.

In a small
project, little organization structure is needed. There might be a primary sponsor, project
manager and a project team. However, for large projects, there are more and more people
involved, and it is important that people understand what they are expected to do, and what role
people are expected to fill.
1.0 Client
Being responsible for the execution of the project from the initial idea to implementation
Choosing the players involved in all stages from design through construction to long
term management
Ensuring that the needs of building users/customers are met
Ensuring that the relevant permissions are secured (planning etc) in partnership with the
professionals appointed to the project
May also be financier and maybe an owner.
It is worth mentioning that in many asset transfer projects the role of client may also be split.
Projects can have different stakeholders and funders each of whom will have different
requirements for being involved in the process of development and construction. It may be
helpful to specifically consider the implications for the project of who take on the roles of 'Client'
and 'Employer' at the construction stage.
The client has an important role in the process since they will appoint advisors, authorize work
to take place, agree costs and timetable and appoint professionals to the project. Some projects
will have a community organization or group as the client but may have difficulties with the role
of Employer due to its liabilities.
At contract stage this client role is mostly known as the Employer and comes with specific
liabilities. When the contract is ready for signing, the Employer for the contract is responsible for
payments to the contractor and other professionals and may also take handover of the land or
buildings when complete.

2.0 Consultant
Consultants are professionals, typically, appointed to by the client to perform expert tasks on a
project. This might include:
Providing advice on setting up and defining the project.
Developing and co-coordinating the design.
Preparing production information and tender documentation.
Contract administration.
Inspecting the work of contractors.

The client may wish to allocate the roles of lead designer and lead consultant to one or more
of these consultants to co-ordinate the work of the rest of the team. It might also be appropriate
to appoint a design co-coordinator for the co-ordination and integration of design prepared by
specialist, and an information manager for building information modeling. During the early
stages of a project, the client might appoint independent client advisers to give them
independent professional advice. They might also appoint a project manager to represent
the client and take responsibility for the day-to-day management of the project. The members
of the consultant team that are likely to be required on most projects are:

Architect.
Landscape Architect
Land Surveyor
Building Surveyor
Quantity Surveyor
Site Engineer.

2.1 Landscape Architect

Landscape architects create the landscape around us. They plan, design and manage open
spaces including both natural and built environments. They work to provide innovative and
aesthetically pleasing environments for people to enjoy, while ensuring that changes to the
natural environment are appropriate, sensitive and sustainable.
Role and Responsibilities
Overseeing the design of a variety of projects, including urban regeneration schemes,
pedestrian schemes, road or retail schemes, and maintaining the character of sites of
natural beauty.
Establishing general landscape requirements with clients.
Conducting preliminary studies of the site (including contours, soil, ecology, buildings,
and roads).
Assessing a site's potential to meet the client's specifications.
Carrying out environmental impact assessments.

Seeking and taking into account the views of local residents, potential users, and parties
with a vested interest in the project.
Accurately preparing and presenting detailed plans and working drawings, including
applications, construction details and specifications for the project.
Presenting proposals to clients, dealing with enquiries and negotiating any amendments
to the final design.
Matching the client's wishes with your knowledge of what will work best.
Putting work out to tender, selecting a contractor and manager (mainly for larger
projects), and leading cross-functional teams.
Monitoring and checking work on-site (on large projects, landscape managers may do
this type of supervisory work).

2.2 Architect
Architects work in the construction industry and are involved with designing new buildings,
extensions or alterations to existing buildings, or advising on the restoration and conservation of
old properties. They usually control a project from start to finish and work with a number of
construction professionals, including surveyors and engineers, producing drawings and
specifications that the construction team works to.
Role and Responsibilities
Preparing and presenting feasibility reports and design proposals to the client;
Advising the client on the practicality of their project.
Using IT in design and project management, specifically using computer-aided design
software.
Producing detailed workings, drawings and specifications.
Preparing applications for planning and building control departments.
Drawing up tender documents for contracts.
Project managing and helping to coordinate the work of contractors.

2.3 Land Surveyor

Land surveyors measure and collect data on specific areas of land. Once the data is interpreted,
it is used for a variety of purposes. Land surveyors assess land due for redevelopment and
survey a range of different areas, including airports, landfill sites, mines and quarries, and
pipeline and distribution systems. Geomatics is one of the most technologically advanced of the
surveying specialist roles and has a key role in a diverse range of sectors.
Role and Responsibilities
Discussing specific project requirements with clients.
Measuring the ground as required by the client, including aspects such as small and
large-scale distances, angles and elevations.
Gathering data on the earth's physical and man-made features through surveys;
Processing data.
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Undertaking digital mapping.

Making use of geographical information systems (GIS) to analyze and interpret site
features.
Producing detailed information (subsequently analyzed by planners, builders and
cartographers).
Using a range of equipment to produce surveys, including GPS and conventional
methods.
Analyzing information thoroughly before it is handed over to other professionals.
Thinking creatively to resolve practical planning and development problems.
Interpreting data using maps, charts and plans.
Utilizing data from a range of sources, such as aerial photography, satellite surveys and
laser beam measuring systems.
Using computer-aided design (CAD) and other IT software to interpret data and present
information.
Keeping up to date with new and emerging technology.
Providing advice to a range of clients.

2.4 Building Surveyors.

Building surveyors offer advice on many aspects of design and construction, including
maintenance, repair, refurbishment and restoration of proposed and existing buildings.
They offer quality assessments and report on defects in, or ways of improving, all kinds of
buildings. As well as finding structural faults, building surveyors recommend solutions. They can
advise on the feasibility of a building project, and how much it might cost to carry out, or how
suitable a building could be for a particular purpose. Building surveying work can also involve
drawing up detailed plans, and advising on whether a grant might be available. Building
surveyors instruct architects to prepare detailed plans and help provide estimates for the work.
While work is going on, building surveyors project manager, are responsible for budgets and
oversee work on site. Finally, building surveyors are responsible for dealing with planning
applications and advise on property law, building regulations and other legal matters such as
health and safety. In building and contract disputes, building surveyors can act as expert
witnesses or represent their clients.
2.5 Quantity Surveyor.
A quantity surveyor manages all costs relating to building and civil engineering projects, from
the initial calculations to the final figures. Surveyors seek to minimize the costs of a project and
enhance value for money, while still achieving the required standards and quality. Many of these
are specified by statutory building regulations, which the surveyor needs to understand and
adhere to. A quantity surveyor may work for either the client or the contractor, working in an
office or on site. They are involved in a project from the start, preparing estimates and costs of
the work. When the project is in progress, quantity surveyors keep track of any variations to the
contract that may affect costs and create reports to show profitability. The title of the job may
also be referred to as a construction cost consultant or commercial manager.

Role and Responsibilities

Preparing tender and contract documents, including bills of quantities with the architect
and/or the client.
Undertaking cost analysis for repair and maintenance project work.
Assisting in establishing a client's requirements and undertaking feasibility studies.
Performing risk, value management and cost control.
Advising on procurement strategy.
Identifying, analyzing and developing responses to commercial risks.
Preparing and analyzing costing for tenders.
Allocating work to subcontractors.
Providing advice on contractual claims.
Analyzing outcomes and writing detailed progress reports.
Valuing completed work and arranging payments.
Maintaining awareness of the different building contracts in current use.
Understanding the implications of health and safety regulations.

2.6 Site Engineers.

Site engineers perform a technical, organizational and supervisory role on construction projects,
setting out and determining the location for above and underground infrastructural installations
involved in construction operations. Site engineers apply designs and plans to mark out the site
and can be involved in projects ranging from small scale to multi-million pound ventures. This
may include civil, road, rail and other infrastructure projects. A site engineer works as part of the
site management team liaising with and working alongside architects, engineers, construction
managers, supervisors, planners, surveyors and subcontractors. They share responsibility for
site security, health and safety, and the organization and supervision of material and human
resources.
Role and Responsibilities
Acting as the main technical adviser on a construction site for subcontractors, crafts
people and operatives.
Setting out, leveling and surveying the site.
Checking plans, drawings and quantities for accuracy of calculations.
Ensuring that all materials used and work performed are as per specifications.
Overseeing the selection and requisition of materials and plant.
Agreeing a price for materials, and making cost-effective solutions and proposals for the
intended project.
Managing, monitoring and interpreting the contract design documents supplied by the
client or architect.
Day-to-day management of the site, including supervising and monitoring the site labor
force and the work of any subcontractors.
Planning the work and efficiently organizing the plant and site facilities in order to meet
agreed deadlines.
Overseeing quality control and health and safety matters on site.
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Preparing reports as required.

Resolving any unexpected technical difficulties and other problems that may arise.

3.0 Contractor
Contractor is the person that involved with the project from beginning to the end of the project
phase. The general responsibilities of a building contractor entail the individual planning and
carrying through any and all pertinent activities relating to the construction of a dwelling, building
or other structure. There are many duties which a building contractor must complete on a daily
basis in order to ensure that the construction project is completed in a timely and correct
manner.
Role and Responsibilities
Responsible for hiring, supervising and, at times, firing employees who work on the
specific project with the contractor.
Take care of payroll with regard to the workers and engage in payroll functions or hire
someone to do so for the contractor.
Responsibility for obtaining materials for the project. It is up to the contractor to acquire
goods to build the structures. This involves various forms of correspondence with
necessary material suppliers.
Acquire all necessary licenses and permits from relevant entities so that the building
project can begin.
Establish a budget for the construction project and follow that budget as closely as
possible. This will allow the building contractor to obtain supplies, hire workers and finish
the construction in a cost-efficient manner.
Deals with all emergencies and surprises which relate to the project and occur on-site
and sometimes off-site as well.
4.0 Local Authorities
Local authority will contributes ensuring the project follows accordingly to what local standards
should be.
Role and Responsibilities

Make sure that the project is in accordance with the rules set.
Ensure that the project is safe either during the project is in progress and for users to
stay.
Approving the application for the erection of buildings.
Approving the building or the projects plan.
Issued the Certificate of Completion and Compliant (CCC).

Usually the local authorities that related to the construction to issue the Certificate of Completion
and Compliant (CCC) are:
4.1

Fire Department (Jabatan Bomba)

Make sure there are equipment that is necessary such as hydrants, automatic
spray system and emergency routes.
Make sure the safety checked before users stay in the building.

4.2

Tenaga Nasional Berhad

Check the adequacy of the system power supply to the building.

4.3

Department of Water Supply (Jabatan Bekalan Air)

Ensuring water supply system, water tank and reserve water pipeline is in
accordance with standards.

4.4

Department of Public Works (Jabatan Kerja Raya)

The layout plan of the project is appropriate.

4.5

Building structures shall be in accordance with the conditions of approval.

Ensuring reserve water tank, providing enough to function properly.

4.6

Drainage and Irrigation Department (Jabatan Saliran dan Perparitan)

Ensure plumbing and drainage is in accordance with the approved plan.

4.7

Health Department (Jabatan Kesihatan)

Health control system meets the requirements of the Health Department before
the certificate was issued.

5.0 References
1.
Construction - Clients Construction Design and Management legal duties. (n.d.).
Retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/cdm/clients.htm
2.
What does an Architect do? (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.sokanu.com/careers/architect/
3.
Landscape architect: Job description | Prospects.ac.uk. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.prospects.ac.uk/landscape_architect_job_description.htm
4.
What is a Quantity Surveyor in the construction industry? | Project Resource. (n.d.).
Retrieved from http://www.project-resource.co.uk/blog/article/what-is-a-quantity-surveyor-in-theconstruction-industry
5.
Land surveying and its importance - Construction Review Online. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://constructionreviewonline.com/2015/01/land-surveying-importance/
6.
Town Planner: Duties, Responsiblities and Job Information. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://study.com/articles/Town_Planner_Duties_Responsiblities_and_Job_Information.html
7.
Civil Engineer | Job Guide. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.jobguide.thegoodguides.com.au/occupation/Civil-Engineer
8.
pihak yang terlibat dalam projek pembinaan. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.slideshare.net/FiQahhAmiNn/pihak-yang-terlibat-dalam-projek-pemi