THE THIRD REPUBLIC PROCLAIMED

Manuel A. Roxas

In April 23s election of the year 1946, Roxas became the first President of
the third republic and also of the Commonwealth.
Harry S. Truman, U.S. President, proclaimed the date of July 4, 1946 as the
Philippines Independence day.
For two years, Roxas stayed in the office after taking the oath of becoming
the President of the third republic of the Philippines but later on died on April
15, 1948 at Clark Air Base, Pampanga, which was after he delivered a speech
about him promising to the United States that in case of another war, Filipino
cooperation will be at hand.

Elpidio R. Quirino

After Roxas, Elpidio was next in line and was left with Roxas administration to face
the Hukbalahap problem.
Quirino, being an economist, focused his programs to Agricultural productivity and
industrialization.
By setting up the Central Bank of the Philippines, he stabilized the Philippine
currency.
Magna Carta of Labor and Minimum Wage Law was signed by him into law.
Neighboring countries got the chance to have diplomatic and trade relations with us
through Quirino.

Hukbalahap Problem

Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon is an anti-Japanese organization that was founded

in early 1942.
Pedro Abad Santos, and the Lava brothers: Vicente, Jose, and Jesus. They were the
intellectuals that led the peasants together with Luis Taruc, their supremo who is a
peasant leader.
The Huks got so powerful that even the greediest of the landlords around Central
Luzon feared them. They succeeded in winning battles and getting new firearms to
be used against the Japanese.
Roxas declared them a band of outlaws because he cant win them over to his side.
Quirino tried to win the huks to the governments side again using his brother who
was a former judge to come up on an agreement with the organization.
Luis Taruc asked for the following:
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Scrapping of the Bell Trade Act

No trade with Japan
Redistribution of large estates to the peasants/tenants

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Release of all Huk prisoners

Industrialization and
Removal of U.S. bases in the country.

But they came to a disagreement about the request not being met by each parties.
In the end, Ramon Magsaysay solved the problem with the Huks.

Ramon Magsaysay

He worked hard to solve the Hukbalahap problems, Ramon used to be Quirinos sec.
of National Defense.
Magsaysay won the 1953 elections with the help of American money. He received
Majority of votes and became the most popular President with the common people.
Honest Government was his policy which he was remembered for. None of his
relatives nor friends ever benefitted from his position of being president during his
term.
Creating Extensive irrigation systems, introducing modern agricultural methods and
approving the Agricultural Tenancy Act was one of his projects.
On March 17, 1957 in an airplane accident, President Magsaysay died in Cebu.

Carlos P. Garcia

He made his government program simple.

Filipino First Policy which is pro-Filipino was proclaimed by him.
The graft and corruption and rising prices couldnt be solved by his administration
thats why Macapagal won the next election.

Diosdado P. Macapagal

Winning the elections of 1961, Macapagal promised to solve unemployment problems

and promote the self-sufficiency in food production.
His presidency was known for the Land reform code and changing the date of the
Independence day.
Macapagal asked approval from the congress for his Agricultural Reform Code whose
main provisions were to improve the living or the poor families/ farmers. Macapagal
declared 12 towns in central Luzon as land reform areas to partially implement his
policy.
Macapagal changed the celebration of independence day from July 4 to June 12 every
year through an executive order since June 12 was the independence day that
Aguinaldo proclaimed while July 4 was proclaimed by the U.S., July 4 became the
Philippine-American Friendship Day.
MAPHILINDO was an organization uniting Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia
proposed by Macapagal.

Ferdinand E. Marcos

Marcos also wanted to run for presidency in 1961, but Macapagal asked him not to
and Marcos agreed if with the condition that Macapagal only serves for a term. But
Macapagal refused to keep the agreement when his term ended. Leading Marcos to
leave the Liberal Party and switched to the Nacionalista Party.
Marcos won the 1965 election with the help of his wife, Imelda Romualdez.
Programs of implementation of land reforms, production of more rice and community
development were one of his programs.
Marcos secured foreign loans to meet basic needs and to augment income from taxes
through the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund so he could link the
countries island which is more than 7,000.
A new grain of rice called miracle rice and the modern irrigation systems are ways
he thought of to try and increase the Agricultural production.
Agrarian from the countrysides were starting to rise against him in which he
intensified the counterinsurgency, around this time, the cold war happened and
Marcos sent a civic action group in Vietnam. There had been a massacre and killings
everywhere and peace and order wasnt found. This resulted badly in the reelection
of 1969 when Marcos ran for presidency for the second term