College of E. & M. E.

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

HEATING & COOLING LOAD

CALCULATIONS
NS - Malik M. Asfandyar Khan 133 (2011)
NS - Muhammad Abbas
135 (2011)

Heating and Cooling Load

Calculations
Room Specifications
Room name: Sir Rizwan Saeed Chaudhrys Office

NOTE: The directions are taken for reference. They dont represent the
actual direction. The diagram is not up to scale
This room has 2 windows, 1 door (which also has a window pane above it 38
x 16) and a heater place (28 x 29). The height of the walls is 149.The
room is located on ground floor of a two floor building. It has 4 tubelights.

Composition of Walls and Roof

The walls are composed of 9 common bricks and 1 plaster 0.5 on both sides.
While roof is composed of 9 concrete and 1 plaster 0.5 on both sides.

Areas
2
Area of the North wall (without window and door) = 106.118 ft

Area of South wall (without window) = 126.576

Area of East wall = 175.91

ft 2

ft 2

Area of West wall (less thickness) = 134.52

ft

Area of West wall (more thickness without heater place) = 35.75

Area of Door without Window pane = 21.51
Area of Window pane above door = 4.23
Area of Window 1 = 32.77

ft

Area of Window 2 = 27.50

ft

Area of Heater Place= 5.64

ft 2

Area of Floor = 179.03

ft 2

Area of Roof = 179.03

ft

ft 2

ft 2

ft

Heating Load Calculations

Outdoor Conditions
D.B. Temperature: DB =

0 C

32 F

D.B. Temperature of the areas around room which is not exposed to

atmosphere=

10.5o C

50.9o F

Daily Temperature Range: =

Relative Humidity: RH = 60%
From psychometric chart we have;
o
Specific Humidity 32 F , W1 = 16gr/lb

Specific Humidity at

50.9o F

W1 = 32gr/lb

Room Conditions
D.B. Temperature: DB =

21o C

69.8o F

Daily Temperature Range: =

Relative Humidity: RH = 50%
From psychometric chart we have;
Specific Humidity, W2 = 55gr/lb = .008 lbs. water/lbs. dry air

Heat Transfer Co-efficient through various elements

Walls:
2
Thermal resistance of 9 Common Brick = R1 = 1.8 hr.F. ft

Thermal resistance of 1 Plaster =

R2

2
= 0.2 hr.F. ft

/BTU

/BTU

R3 = 0.68 hr.F. ft 2

Thermal resistance of Air Film (Inside) =

/BTU

Thermal resistance of Air Film (Outside) [For wall exposed to ambient) =

R4 = 0.17 hr.F. ft 2

/BTU

Thermal resistance of Air Film (Outside) [For wall not exposed to ambient) =
R4 = 0.68 hr.F. ft 2

/BTU

2
Total R (For wall exposed to ambient) = 2.85 hr.F. ft /BTU
2
U (for wall exposed to ambient) = 1/R= 0.351 (BTU/hr. ft .oF)
2
Total R (For wall not exposed to ambient) = 3.36 hr.F. ft /BTU

U (for wall not exposed to ambient) = 1/R= 0.298 (BTU/hr. ft

. F)

Roof:
R1

Thermal resistance of 9 concrete =

Thermal resistance of 1 Plaster =

R2

= 1.8 hr.F. ft
= 0.2 hr.F. ft

Thermal resistance of Air Film (Inside) =

Thermal resistance of Air Film (Outside) =

R3
R4

/BTU

/BTU

2
= 0.61 hr.F. ft /BTU
2
= 0.61 hr.F. ft /BTU

Total R = 3.22 hr.F. ft

/BTU

U = 1/R = 0.311 (BTU/hr. ft

. F)

Glass Window:
2
For Single Glass Aluminum frame (no air space), U = 1.10 (BTU/hr. ft . F)

For Single Glass wooden frame for window pane above door, U = 0.98
(BTU/hr. ft

. F)

Door:
2
For solid wood door 1.5 thickness U = 0.49 (BTU/hr. ft . F)

Floor:
U = 0.04 (BTU/hr. ft

. F) Same as for basement floor.

Extended West Wall (minus Heater Place):

2
Thermal resistance of 19 Common Brick = R1 = 3.8 hr.F ft

Thermal resistance of 1 Plaster =

R2

2
= 0.2 hr.F. ft

Thermal resistance of Air Film (Inside) =

Thermal resistance of Air Film (Outside) =
Total R = 5.36 hr.F. ft

/BTU

2
U = 1/R= 0.187 (BTU/hr. ft . F)

Heater Place:

/BTU

/BTU

R3 = 0.68 hr.F. ft 2
R3 = 0.68 hr.F. ft 2

/BTU
/BTU

2
Thermal resistance of 9 Common Brick = R1 = 1.8 hr.F. ft

Thermal resistance of 1 Plaster =

R2

2
= 0.2 hr.F. ft

Thermal resistance of Air Film (Inside) =

Thermal resistance of Air Film (Outside) =

/BTU

/BTU

R3 = 0.68 hr.F. ft 2

/BTU

R4 = 0.68 hr.F. ft 2

Total R (For wall not exposed to ambient) = 3.36 hr.F. ft

/BTU

/BTU

U (for wall not exposed to ambient) = 1/R= 0.298 (BTU/hr. ft

. F)

Heat Loss Calculation

Heat transfer equation used is:
Q = U*A*TD
Heat Loss through Walls by Conduction

Heat Loss through EAST Wall;

Q1

= U*A*TD

= 0.298*175.91*(69.8-50.9)
= 990.77 BTU/hr

Heat Loss through WEST Wall;

Q = Q through west wall (less thickness) + Q through west wall (more
thickness) +
Q through Heater Place
Q2

= U*A*TD

= 0.298*134.52*(69.8-50.9) + 0.187*35.75*(69.8-50.9) +0.298*5.64*(69.850.9)

= 915.77 BTU/hr

Heat Loss through SOUTH Wall (without window);

Q3

= U*A*TD

= 0.351*126.576*(69.8-32)
= 1679.39 BTU/hr

Heat Loss through NORTH Wall (without door and window);

Q4

= U*A*TD

= 0.298*106.118*(69.8-50.9)
= 597.68 BTU/hr

Heat Loss through Glass by Conduction

The heat lost through the glass can be found by the following:
Q= Q through window1 + Q through window2 + Q through window pane
Q = U*A*TD
= 1.1*(27.50)*(69.8-50.9) + 0.98*4.23(69.8-50.9) + 1.1*32.77*(69.8-32)
= 2012.65 BTU/hr

Heat Loss through Floor by Conduction

When a floor is on the ground, the heat loss is greatest near the outside
edges (perimeter) of the building & is proportional to length of these edges,
rather than the area of the floor. This is the only case where heat transfer is
not calculated using equation Q = U*A*TD. The following equation is used:
Q = E*L*TD
Where; E= edge heat loss coefficient, Btu/hr-ft-F.
Values of E for various wall constructions can be taken from standard tables.
The edge loss method is recommended for buildings with small floor slab
areas. The edge loss method is recommended only for perimeter rooms. For
the interior areas (Like in this case where only one side of the room is
exposed to atmosphere) equation Q = U*A*TD should be used, with the U &
TD values for basement. The heat lost through the floor can be found by the
following:

Q = U*A*TD
= 0.04*179.03*(69.8-50.9)
= 135.35 BTU/hr

Heat Loss through Roof by Conduction

The heat lost through the roof can be found by the following
Q = U*A*TD
= 0.311*179.03*(69.8-50.9)
= 1052.33 BTU/hr

Heat Loss through Door by Conduction

The heat lost through the roof can be found by the following
Q = U*A*TD
= 0.49*21.51*(69.8-50.9)
= 199.21 BTU/hr

Infiltration Load:
Qs
Ql

= 1.1*CFM*TC

= 0.68*CFM*( W 1 - W 2 )

Door

Total CFM = 0.5*21.51= 10.76

Qs = 1.1*10.76*(69.8-50.9)

Windows (1,2 and pane)

CFM = 0.37 CFM/ft
Length of crack (win 2 and pane)
=34.67 ft
CFM = 34.67*0.37 = 12.83
Qs = 1.1*12.83*(69.8-50.9)

= 223.71 BTU/hr

= 266.74 BTU/hr

CFM/ ft

of door = 0.5CFM/ ft

2
Door Area = 21.51 ft

Ql

= 0.68*10.76*(55-32)

Ql

= 0.68*12.83*(55-32)

= 168.29 BTU/hr

= 200.67 BTU/hr
Length of crack (win 1) =24.92 ft
CFM = 24.92*0.37 = 9.23
Qs = 1.1*9.23*(69.8-32)
= 383.79 BTU/hr
Ql

= 0.68*9.23*(55-16)
= 244.78 BTU/hr

Total Heating Load

Total Net Load
=990.77+915.77+1679.39+597.68+2012.65+135.35+1052.33+199.21+22
3.71+266.74+383.79+168.29+200.67+244.78= 9071.13 Btu/hr.
= 0.76 tons
15 % losses =1360.67 Btu/hr
So, Total Load = 10431.80 BTU/hr= 0.87 Ton

Cooling Load Calculations

Outside Conditions

D.B. Temperature: DB =

45 C

113 F

D.B. Temperature of the areas around room which is not exposed to

10.5o C

atmosphere=

108o F

Daily Temperature Range: =

Latitude =

32o

32.4o F

Approximately

Date: 21st June

RH%=70%
W1 at 113F=295.74 gr/lb
W2 at 108F=255.12 gr/lb

Room Conditions
D.B. Temperature: DB =

22o C

Daily Temperature Range: =

71.6o F

=
o

32.4 F

RH%=50%
W=57 gr/lb

External Loads:
Heat Transfer through Walls:
South facing wall:
Heat Transfer through wall only:
As
QCond, Wall =U*A*CLTDC
CLTDC=CLTD+LM+ (78-TR) + (TA-85)
Latitude=32o (approximately)
Maximum CLTD for south facing wall is at 2300 hours at latitude, 32o=22
LM factor for month of June and south facing wall= -4
TR=71.6 OF
TA=TO + (DR/2)

where TO =113OF & DR=32.4OF

TA=96.8OF
Hence
CLTDC = 22-4+ (78-71.6) + (96.8-85) =36.2OF
2
R= (.20*9) + (.20*1) + 0.68+0.25 =2.93hr.F. ft /BTU

U=0.342 (BTU/hr. ft
A=126.576 ft

. F)

QCond, Wall =0.342*126.576*36.2=1567.04 BTU/hr

Conduction through Window:

QCond, Window=U*A*CLTDC
U=1.01
A=32.77
CLTDC = CLTD+ (78-TR) + (TA-85)
CLTD at 2300 hours for window =3OF
CLTDC=1.01+ (78-71.6) + (96.8-85) =21.2 OF
QCond, Window =1.01*32.77*21.2=701.68 BTU/hr
Total Conduction heat Transfer through Wall and Window, at 2300 hours
=2268.720 BTU/hr

Now Consider Maximum CLTD for window which is 15 OF at

1600 hours
CLTDC = 15+ (78-71.6) + (96.8-85) =32.2OF
QCond, Window =U*A*CLTDC
QCond, Window =1.01*32.77*32.2=1065.75 BTU/hr
Now Consider CLTD at 1600 hours for wall which is 15OF
then CLTDC = 15-4+ (78-71.6) + (96.8-85) =29.2OF
QCond, Wall =0.342*136.576*29.2=1261.021 BTU/hr
Total heat Transfer though wall and window without radiation heat transfer,
at 1600 hours=2326.771 BTU/hr
Heat Transfer through Wall and Window is higher at 1600 hrs so,

QCond =2326.771 BTU/hr

Radiation heat transfer through Window:

Radiation heat transfer at 1600
QRadiation=SHGF*A*SC*CLF
2
SHGF=60, SC=0.74, CLF=0.35, A=32.77 ft

QRadiation =60*32.77*0.74*0.35=509.245 BTU/hr

Now Consider Maximum Cooling Load Factor (CLF), which

is 0.83 at 1200 hours
QRadiation =SHGF*A*SC*CLF
SHGF=60, SC=0.74, CLF=0.83, A=32.77

ft 2

QRadiation =60*32.77*0.74*0.85=1207.65 BTU/hr

Now well calculate CLTD for window and wall at 1200 hours
CLTD for wall at 1200 is 11
So,
CLTDC = 11-4+ (78-71.6) + (96.8-85) =25.2
QCond, Wall =0.342*126.576*25.2=1090.89
CLTD for glass at 1200 is 9
CLTDC = 9+ (78-71.6) + (96.8-85) =27.2 OF
QCond, Window =1.01*32.77*27.2 = 900.26 BTU/hr
QCond+Radation at 1600 hours = 2836.015 is less than QCond+Radation at 1200 hours
= 3198.8 BTU/hr which is more than the total heat at 1600 hours
So,
Total Heat Transfer through South facing wall is = 3198.8 BTU/hr

East Facing Wall:

Heat Transfer through east facing wall is:
Cond=A*TD*U
A=175.91 ft

TD= (108-71.6) =36.40OF

R= (9*0.20) + (1*.20) +0.68+0.68=3.360 hr.F. ft
U=0.298 BTU/hr.F. ft

/BTU

Cond=175.91*36.40*0.298=1908.131 BTU/hr

West Facing Wall:

Heat Transfer through west facing wall excluding Extended Area:
Qcond, 1=A*TD*U
A=134.52+5.68=140.20

ft 2

TD= (108-71.6) =36.40OF

2
R= (9*0.20) + (1*.20) +0.68+0.68=3.360 hr.F. ft /BTU
2
U=0.298 BTU/hr.F. ft

Qcond, 1=140.20*36.40*0.298=1520.77 BTU/hr

Heat Transfer through Extruded Area:
Qcond, 2=A*TD*U
2
A=35.75 ft

TD= (108-71.6) =36.40OF

R= (18*0.20) + (1*.20) +0.68+0.68=3.36 hr.F. ft
U=0.194 BTU/hr.F. ft

/BTU

Qcond, 2=35.75*36.40*0.194=252.45 BTU/hr

Total heat Transfer through West Facing wall = Qcond=1520.77+252.45
=1773.22 BTU/hr

North Facing Wall:

North Facing Wall has one window of Aluminum frame and other of wooden
frame along with the Entrance door.

Heat Transfer through wall is:

Qcond, 1=A*TD*U
TD= (108-71.6) =36.40OF
R= (9*0.20) + (1*.20) +0.68+0.68=3.360 hr.F. ft
U=0.298 BTU/hr.F. ft

/BTU

2
A=106.118 ft

Qcond, 1=106.118*0.298*36.40=1151.08 BTU/hr

Heat Transfer through Window with Aluminum frame is:

Qcond, 2=A*TD*U
TD= (108-71.6) =36.40OF
2
A=27.50 ft
2
U=1.01 BTU/hr.F. ft

Qcond, 2=27.50*1.01*36.40=1011.01 BTU/hr

Heat Transfer through Window pane with wooden frame is:

Qcond, 3=A*TD*U
TD= (108-71.6) =36.40OF
A=4.23

ft 2

U=0.901.01 BTU/hr.F. ft

Qcond, 3=4.23*.92*36.40=141.65 BTU/hr

Heat Transfer through door is:

Qcond, 4=A*TD*U
TD= (108-71.6) =36.40OF

A=21.51

ft

U=0.47 BTU/hr.F. ft

Qcond, 4=21.51*0.47*36.40=367.993 BTU/hr

Total heat Transfer through North Facing wall is:
Qcond=Qcond, 1+Qcond, 2+Qcond, 3+Qcond, 4=2671.73 BTU/hr

Heat Transfer through Roof:

Roof is made of 9 concrete and 1 plaster on both sides
Qcond=A*TD*U
2
R= (9*0.200) + (1*0.20) +0.61+0.61=3.22 hr.F. ft /BTU
2
U=0.311 BTU/hr.F. ft

Qcond, 2=A*TD*U
TD= (108-71.6) =36.40OF
A=179.03

ft

Qcond=179.03*0.310*36.40=2020.18 BTU/hr

Heat Transfer through Floor:

Heat transfer through floor is:
Qcond=A*TD*U
2
U = 0.04 (BTU/hr. ft . F) Same as for basement floor.

Qcond=A*TD*U
TD= (108-71.6) =36.40OF
A=179.03

ft 2
Qcond=179.03*0.04*36.40=260.67 BTU/hr

Infiltration Load:
Qs
Ql

= 1.1*CFM*TC

= 0.68*CFM*( W 1 - W 2 )

Door

Total CFM = 0.5*21.51= 10.76

Qs = 1.1*10.76*(108-71.6)

Windows (1,2 and pane)

CFM = 0.37 CFM/ft
Length of crack (win 2 and pane)
=34.67 ft
CFM = 34.67*0.37 = 12.83
Qs = 1.1*12.83*(108-71.6)

= 430.84 BTU/hr

= 513.71 BTU/hr

CFM/ ft

of door = 0.5CFM/ ft

2
Door Area = 21.51 ft

Ql

= 0.68*10.76*(255-57)
= 1448.72 BTU/hr

Ql

= 0.68*12.83*(255-57)

= 1727.44 BTU/hr
Length of crack (win 1) =24.92 ft
CFM = 24.92*0.37 = 9.23
Qs = 1.1*9.23*(113-71.6)
= 420.34 BTU/hr
Ql

= 0.68*9.23*(296-57)
= 1500.06 BTU/hr

Lighting:

There are four fluorescent tube lights of 30 watts each in the room
Q = 3.4*W*BF*CLF
BF = 1.25
CLF =1
Q = 3.4*120*1.25*1=510 BTU/hr

People
The room in our calculations is an office room that accommodates 2 persons
on average
Qs =

q s *n*CLF

q s = 250 BTU/hr
CLF=0.84 approximately
Qs =250*2*0.84=420 BTU/hr
Ql =

ql *n

ql =200 BTU/hr
Ql = 200*2=400 BTU/hr

Total Cooling Load

Total Net Load
=3198.8+1908.131+1773.22+2671.73+2020.18+260.67+510+400+420+4
30.84+513.71+420.34+4676.22=19203.84 BTU/hr
= 1.6tons
10 % losses =1920.38 Btu/hr
So, Total Load = 21124.23 BTU/hr= 1.76 Ton

References
Air Conditioning Systems and Principles, Edward G. Pita 2nd Edition.